ABSTRACT
Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is the most common cause of spinal cord compression in dogs, whose prognosis is variable and depends on several factors, with deep pain perception (DPP) being the main parameter used. Investigations of new prognostic factors are studied to assist in the estimation of functional recovery. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate whether spinal hyperesthesia (SH) at the compression site can be used as a prognostic factor for the functional recovery of dogs with acute IVDE (Hansen type I), without DPP being subjected to thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy. Decompression surgery was performed on the same day or the day after admission. The duration of the loss of DPP until surgery performance ranged from 1 to 60 days, with a median of 4.5 days for the group of dogs with SH and 5.5 days for those without SH. Among the 68 dogs included in this retrospective study, 73.5% (50/68) showed SH, and 26.5% (18/68) were not identified. Recovery was satisfactory in 60% (30/50) of dogs with SH and in 27.7% (5/18) of dogs without SH, demonstrating that paraplegic dogs without DPP but with SH were 3.9 times more likely to recover when compared to dogs in the same condition, but with no SH. No studies have evaluated SH by palpation of the spine as a prognostic factor, which reinforces the relevance of the present study. The results of this study imply that SH in paraplegic dogs affected by thoracolumbar IVDE, without the presence of DPP, can be used as a possible prognostic indicator of functional recovery.
A extrusão do disco intervertebral (EDIV) é a causa mais comum de lesão compressiva na medula espinhal de cães, cujo prognóstico é variável e depende de diversos fatores, sendo a percepção de dor profunda (PDP) o principal parâmetro utilizado. Pesquisas de novos fatores prognósticos são estudados com intuito de auxiliar na estimativa mais precisa de recuperação funcional. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a hiperestesia espinhal (HE) no local da compressão, pode ser utilizada como um fator prognóstico para recuperação funcional de cães com extrusão aguda do disco intervertebral (Hansen tipo I), sem a presença de PDP submetidos a hemilaminectomia toracolombar. A cirurgia descompressiva ocorreu no mesmo dia ou no dia seguinte ao atendimento. A duração da perda de dor profunda até a realização da cirurgia variou de 1 a 60 dias, com uma mediana de 4,5 dias para o grupo de cães com e 5,5 dias para aqueles sem hiperestesia espinhal. Dos 68 cães incluídos nesse estudo retrospectivo, 73,5% (50/68) apresentavam HE e, em 26,5% (18/68) a dor não foi identificada. A recuperação foi satisfatória nos cães com HE em 60% (30/50) e, sem HE, em 27,7% (5/18) dos casos, demonstrando que os cães paraplégicos sem PDP, mas com presença de hiperestesia espinhal tem 3,9 vezes mais chances de recuperação quando comparado com cães na mesma condição, mas sem HE. Não foram encontrados trabalhos que avaliaram a HE mediante a palpação da coluna vertebral como um fator prognóstico, o que reforça a relevância do presente estudo. Os resultados do presente trabalho sugerem que a HE em cães paraplégicos acometidos por EDIV toracolombar sem presença de PDP pode ser utilizada como um possível indicador prognóstico de recuperação funcional.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Paraplegia/veterinary , Spinal Cord Injuries/veterinary , Pain Measurement/veterinary , Pain Perception , Hyperesthesia/veterinary , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/veterinaryABSTRACT
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in dogs with brain neoplasms (BN) may be associated with complications owing to increased intracranial pressure caused by expansive lesions. Although this procedure has been performed in dogs with BN, no data regarding complications after CSF tap in these animals is available. Thus, this retrospective study aimed to identify the rate and types of complications observed after CSF taps in dogs with BN. Thirty dogs with BN were included in the study. In 83% (25/30) of the cases, clinical recovery after CSF tap was considered normal, and in 17% (5/30) the recovery was abnormal. The main clinical and neurological signs observed in dogs with abnormal clinical recovery were apnea (5/5), absence of pupillary photomotor reflex (3/5), coma (2/5), and stupor (1/5). In 40% (2/5) of the dogs, herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum was observed on necropsy. In conclusion, the rate of complications after CSF taps was 17%, and was characterized by apnea, absent pupillary photomotor reflex, altered level of consciousness, and encephalic herniation.
A colheita do líquido cerebroespinhal (LCE) em cães com neoplasmas encefálicos (NE) pode estar associada a complicações devido ao aumento da pressão intracraniana (PIC), causada pela lesão expansiva. Embora o procedimento seja realizado em cães com NE, não foram encontrados dados referentes às complicações após colheita de LCE nesses pacientes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo retrospectivo foi identificar a taxa, bem como os tipos de complicações observadas após a colheita de LCE em cães com neoplasma encefálico. Dos 30 cães com NE incluídos no estudo, em 83% (25/30) dos casos a evolução clínica após a colheita do LCE foi considerada normal e, em 17% (5/30) anormal. Os principais sinais clínicos e neurológicos observados nos cães com evolução clínica anormal foram apneia (5/5), reflexo fotomotor pupilar ausente (3/5), coma (2/5) e estupor (1/5). Em 40% (2/5) foi observado herniação do cerebelo na necropsia. Com base nos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a taxa de complicações após a colheita de LCE foi baixa (17%) e as alterações encontradas foram apneia, seguido de reflexo fotomotor pupilar ausente, alteração no nível de consciência e herniação encefálica.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Brain Neoplasms/veterinary , Intracranial Pressure , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Dog Diseases , Encephalocele/veterinaryABSTRACT
A dor pós-operatória em cães que são submetidos a cirurgias da coluna vertebral é considerada severa e seu manejo inadequado pode influenciar no tempo de recuperação do paciente, na qualidade de vida e no resultado cirúrgico. Dentre os analgésicos indicados para uso no pós-operatório dessas cirurgias tem-se os opioides, que podem apresentar inúmeros efeitos adversos que requerem atenção. Devido à escassez de estudos clínicos acerca desse assunto em se tratando do pós-operatório de cães, objetivou-se com o presente estudo retrospectivo apresentar os efeitos adversos da morfina, metadona e tramadol utilizados no pós-operatório de cirurgias da coluna vertebral. Foram revisadas e avaliadas as fichas de 180 cães e anotadas as alterações observadas no pós-operatório e decorrentes do uso de opioides. Os principais efeitos adversos observados foram anorexia, hiporexia, vômito, salivação, vocalização, bradicardia, hipotermia, ofegação e sedação. Também foi observada persistência da dor em alguns cães mesmo com o uso de analgésicos. Houve diferença na ocorrência de anorexia nos cães tratados com morfina e nos tratados com metadona em relação aos tratados com tramadol. Ocorreu diferença também entre a observação de dor dos grupos morfina e tramadol. A associação de dipirona com morfina e com metadona não revelou diferença com relação à ocorrência de efeitos adversos, bem como a variação de doses. Conclui-se que a morfina, a metadona e o tramadol apresentam efeitos adversos quando empregados para tratamento da dor pós-operatória em cães submetidos à cirurgia da coluna vertebral; a anorexia, a hiporexia e o vômito foram os efeitos adversos frequentes com o uso de morfina e de metadona e, mesmo que o tramadol apresente menor ocorrência desses efeitos, seu uso, na dose estudada, pode não ser vantajoso quando se leva em consideração o grau de dor para cirurgias da coluna vertebral.(AU)
Postoperative pain in dogs undergone vertebral surgery is classified as severe and it's important an adequate approach to it, because it can influence recovery time, quality of life and surgery outcome. Opioids are indicated for postoperative pain treatment in these surgeries. Opioids may have adverse effects that may require attention. There are few clinical studies that present the adverse effects of these analgesics in canine postoperative period. The aim of this retrospective study was to present the adverse effects of morphine, methadone and tramadol in canine vertebral surgery postoperative period. There were revised the postoperative records of 180 dogs and the changes resulted from the opioids use were noted. The adverse effects observed were anorexia, hyporexia, vomiting, vocalization, bradycardia, hypothermia, panting, sedation. Pain was also observed in some dogs. A significant difference was found in anorexia between dogs treated with morphine and tramadol and methadone and tramadol. Significant difference was also found in pain between dogs treated with morphine and tramadol. The association of metamizole and morphine or metamizole and methadone was not different in relation to the adverse effects. There was also no difference with the dosage variation and the adverse effects. In conclusion, morphine, methadone and tramadol have adverse effects when used for pain control in the postoperative period of dogs submitted to vertebral surgery. Anorexia, hypophagia and emesis were frequent the adverse effects observed with morphine and methadone and, despite tramadol presented less adverse effects, its use may be not beneficial in the studied doses when we consider the degree of pain, however more controlled studies with clinical situation are needed to confirm this.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Tramadol/adverse effects , Dogs/surgery , Methadone/adverse effects , Morphine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
A dor pós-operatória em cães que são submetidos a cirurgias da coluna vertebral é considerada severa e seu manejo inadequado pode influenciar no tempo de recuperação do paciente, na qualidade de vida e no resultado cirúrgico. Dentre os analgésicos indicados para uso no pós-operatório dessas cirurgias tem-se os opioides, que podem apresentar inúmeros efeitos adversos que requerem atenção. Devido à escassez de estudos clínicos acerca desse assunto em se tratando do pós-operatório de cães, objetivou-se com o presente estudo retrospectivo apresentar os efeitos adversos da morfina, metadona e tramadol utilizados no pós-operatório de cirurgias da coluna vertebral. Foram revisadas e avaliadas as fichas de 180 cães e anotadas as alterações observadas no pós-operatório e decorrentes do uso de opioides. Os principais efeitos adversos observados foram anorexia, hiporexia, vômito, salivação, vocalização, bradicardia, hipotermia, ofegação e sedação. Também foi observada persistência da dor em alguns cães mesmo com o uso de analgésicos. Houve diferença na ocorrência de anorexia nos cães tratados com morfina e nos tratados com metadona em relação aos tratados com tramadol. Ocorreu diferença também entre a observação de dor dos grupos morfina e tramadol. A associação de dipirona com morfina e com metadona não revelou diferença com relação à ocorrência de efeitos adversos, bem como a variação de doses. Conclui-se que a morfina, a metadona e o tramadol apresentam efeitos adversos quando empregados para tratamento da dor pós-operatória em cães submetidos à cirurgia da coluna vertebral; a anorexia, a hiporexia e o vômito foram os efeitos adversos frequentes com o uso de morfina e de metadona e, mesmo que o tramadol apresente menor ocorrência desses efeitos, seu uso, na dose estudada, pode não ser vantajoso quando se leva em consideração o grau de dor para cirurgias da coluna vertebral.(AU)
Postoperative pain in dogs undergone vertebral surgery is classified as severe and it's important an adequate approach to it, because it can influence recovery time, quality of life and surgery outcome. Opioids are indicated for postoperative pain treatment in these surgeries. Opioids may have adverse effects that may require attention. There are few clinical studies that present the adverse effects of these analgesics in canine postoperative period. The aim of this retrospective study was to present the adverse effects of morphine, methadone and tramadol in canine vertebral surgery postoperative period. There were revised the postoperative records of 180 dogs and the changes resulted from the opioids use were noted. The adverse effects observed were anorexia, hyporexia, vomiting, vocalization, bradycardia, hypothermia, panting, sedation. Pain was also observed in some dogs. A significant difference was found in anorexia between dogs treated with morphine and tramadol and methadone and tramadol. Significant difference was also found in pain between dogs treated with morphine and tramadol. The association of metamizole and morphine or metamizole and methadone was not different in relation to the adverse effects. There was also no difference with the dosage variation and the adverse effects. In conclusion, morphine, methadone and tramadol have adverse effects when used for pain control in the postoperative period of dogs submitted to vertebral surgery. Anorexia, hypophagia and emesis were frequent the adverse effects observed with morphine and methadone and, despite tramadol presented less adverse effects, its use may be not beneficial in the studied doses when we consider the degree of pain, however more controlled studies with clinical situation are needed to confirm this.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Tramadol/adverse effects , Dogs/surgery , Methadone/adverse effects , Morphine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Postoperative pain in dogs undergone vertebral surgery is classified as severe and its important an adequate approach to it, because it can influence recovery time, quality of life and surgery outcome. Opioids are indicated for postoperative pain treatment in these surgeries. Opioids may have adverse effects that may require attention. There are few clinical studies that present the adverse effects of these analgesics in canine postoperative period. The aim of this retrospective study was to present the adverse effects of morphine, methadone and tramadol in canine vertebral surgery postoperative period. There were revised the postoperative records of 180 dogs and the changes resulted from the opioids use were noted. The adverse effects observed were anorexia, hyporexia, vomiting, vocalization, bradycardia, hypothermia, panting, sedation. Pain was also observed in some dogs. A significant difference was found in anorexia between dogs treated with morphine and tramadol and methadone and tramadol. Significant difference was also found in pain between dogs treated with morphine and tramadol. The association of metamizole and morphine or metamizole and methadone was not different in relation to the adverse effects. There was also no difference with the dosage variation and the adverse effects. In conclusion, morphine, methadone and tramadol have adverse effects when used for pain control in the postoperative period of dogs submitted to vertebral surgery. Anorexia, hypophagia and emesis were frequent the adverse effects observed with morphine and methadone and, despite tramadol presented less adverse effects, its use may be not beneficial in the studied doses when we consider the degree of pain, however more controlled studies with clinical situation are needed to confirm this.
RESUMO: A dor pós-operatória em cães que são submetidos a cirurgias da coluna vertebral é considerada severa e seu manejo inadequado pode influenciar no tempo de recuperação do paciente, na qualidade de vida e no resultado cirúrgico. Dentre os analgésicos indicados para uso no pós-operatório dessas cirurgias tem-se os opioides, que podem apresentar inúmeros efeitos adversos que requerem atenção. Devido à escassez de estudos clínicos acerca desse assunto em se tratando do pós-operatório de cães, objetivou-se com o presente estudo retrospectivo apresentar os efeitos adversos da morfina, metadona e tramadol utilizados no pós-operatório de cirurgias da coluna vertebral. Foram revisadas e avaliadas as fichas de 180 cães e anotadas as alterações observadas no pós-operatório e decorrentes do uso de opioides. Os principais efeitos adversos observados foram anorexia, hiporexia, vômito, salivação, vocalização, bradicardia, hipotermia, ofegação e sedação. Também foi observada persistência da dor em alguns cães mesmo com o uso de analgésicos. Houve diferença na ocorrência de anorexia nos cães tratados com morfina e nos tratados com metadona em relação aos tratados com tramadol. Ocorreu diferença também entre a observação de dor dos grupos morfina e tramadol. A associação de dipirona com morfina e com metadona não revelou diferença com relação à ocorrência de efeitos adversos, bem como a variação de doses. Conclui-se que a morfina, a metadona e o tramadol apresentam efeitos adversos quando empregados para tratamento da dor pós-operatória em cães submetidos à cirurgia da coluna vertebral; a anorexia, a hiporexia e o vômito foram os efeitos adversos frequentes com o uso de morfina e de metadona e, mesmo que o tramadol apresente menor ocorrência desses efeitos, seu uso, na dose estudada, pode não ser vantajoso quando se leva em consideração o grau de dor para cirurgias da coluna vertebral.
ABSTRACT
Eighty-one cases of vestibular disease in dogs were diagnosed by the neurology service in a veterinary teaching hospital in southern Brazil from 2006 to 2013. Approximately 2/3 of these cases were interpreted as central vestibular disease (CVD) with the remaining cases being considered as peripheral vestibular disease (PVD). Pure breed dogs, especially Dachshunds (PVD) and Boxers (CVD) were more affected than mixed breed dogs. The main clinical signs observed in cases of CVD and PVD included head tilt, vestibular ataxia, and ventral or ventrolateral strabismus. Proprioceptive deficits, cranial nerve V-XII dysfunction, and changes in the levels of conscience were observed only in cases of CVD, whereas absence of palpebral reflex occurred only in cases of PVD. Inflammatory or infectious diseases, especially canine distemper and bacterial otitis were the most commonly observed conditions associated with CVD and PVD, respectively. This article establishes the epidemiology (sex, age, and breed) and prevalence of clinical signs related to canine vestibular disease in the Central Rio Grande do Sul State; discusses the use of the clinical findings in the correct diagnosis and differentiation between CVD and PVD; and defines the main specific diseases responsible for the occurrence of CVD and PVD in dogs.
De 2006 a 2013 foram diagnosticados 81 casos de doença vestibular canina no serviço de rotina em neurologia de um hospital veterinário universitário do sul do Brasil. Desses, aproximadamente dois terços foram diagnosticados com doença vestibular central (DVC) e cerca de um terço como doença vestibular periférica (DVP). Cães com raça definida foram mais acometidos que aqueles sem raça definida, principalmente Dachshund (DVP) e Boxer (DVC). Os principais sinais clínicos observados, tanto na DVP quanto na DVC, incluíram: inclinação de cabeça, ataxia vestibular e estrabismo ventral ou ventrolateral. Deficiência proprioceptiva, disfunção dos nervos cranianos V-XII e alteração de nível de consciência foram vistos apenas em casos de DVC, já a ausência de reflexo palpebral ocorreu apenas em casos de DVP. Doenças inflamatórias/infecciosas, principalmente cinomose e otite bacteriana, foram as condições mais comumente associadas à DVC e à DVP, respectivamente. Esse artigo estabelece os aspectos epidemiológicos (sexo, idade e raça) e a prevalência dos sinais clínicos observados em cães com doença vestibular na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, discute a utilização dos achados clínicos no diagnóstico correto e na diferenciação entre DVC e DVP, e define quais as principais doenças responsáveis pela ocorrência dessas duas síndromes clínicas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Vestibular Diseases/classification , Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis , Vestibular Diseases/history , Vestibular Diseases/veterinaryABSTRACT
AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the flavonoid quercetin can prevent alterations in the behavioral tests and of cholinergic neurotransmission in rats submitted to the ethidium bromide (EB) experimental demyelination model during events of demyelination and remyelination. MAIN METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (20 animals per group): Control (pontine saline injection and treatment with ethanol), Querc (pontine saline injection and treatment with quercetin), EB (pontine 0.1% EB injection and treatment with ethanol), and EB+Querc (pontine 0.1% EB injection and treatment with quercetin). The groups Querc and Querc+EB were treated once daily with quercetin (50mg/kg) diluted in 25% ethanol solution (1ml/kg) and the animals of the control and EB groups were treated once daily with 25% ethanol solution (1ml/kg). Two stages were observed: phase of demyelination (peak on day 7) and phase of remyelination (peak on day 21 post-injection). Behavioral tests (beam walking, foot fault and inclined plane test), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and lipid peroxidation in pons, cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum and cerebral cortex were measured. KEY FINDINGS: The quercetin promoted earlier locomotor recovery, suggesting that there was demyelination prevention or further remyelination velocity as well as it was able to prevent the inhibition of AChE activity and the increase of lipidic peroxidation, suggesting that this compound can protect cholinergic neurotransmission. SIGNIFICANCE: These results may contribute to a better understanding of the neuroprotective role of quercetin and the importance of an antioxidant diet in humans to provide benefits in neurodegenerative diseases such as MS.
Subject(s)
Cholinergic Neurons/drug effects , Demyelinating Diseases/prevention & control , Ethidium/toxicity , Motor Activity/drug effects , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Quercetin/therapeutic use , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Cholinergic Neurons/physiology , Demyelinating Diseases/chemically induced , Demyelinating Diseases/physiopathology , Male , Motor Activity/physiology , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Quercetin/pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Synaptic Transmission/drug effects , Synaptic Transmission/physiologyABSTRACT
Eighty-one cases of vestibular disease in dogs were diagnosed by the neurology service in a veterinary teaching hospital in southern Brazil from 2006 to 2013. Approximately 2/3 of these cases were interpreted as central vestibular disease (CVD) with the remaining cases being considered as peripheral vestibular disease (PVD). Pure breed dogs, especially Dachshunds (PVD) and Boxers (CVD) were more affected than mixed breed dogs. The main clinical signs observed in cases of CVD and PVD included head tilt, vestibular ataxia, and ventral or ventrolateral strabismus. Proprioceptive deficits, cranial nerve V-XII dysfunction, and changes in the levels of conscience were observed only in cases of CVD, whereas absence of palpebral reflex occurred only in cases of PVD. Inflammatory or infectious diseases, especially canine distemper and bacterial otitis were the most commonly observed conditions associated with CVD and PVD, respectively. This article establishes the epidemiology (sex, age, and breed) and prevalence of clinical signs related to canine vestibular disease in the Central Rio Grande do Sul State; discusses the use of the clinical findings in the correct diagnosis and differentiation between CVD and PVD; and defines the main specific diseases responsible for the occurrence of CVD and PVD in dogs.(AU)
De 2006 a 2013 foram diagnosticados 81 casos de doença vestibular canina no serviço de rotina em neurologia de um hospital veterinário universitário do sul do Brasil. Desses, aproximadamente dois terços foram diagnosticados com doença vestibular central (DVC) e cerca de um terço como doença vestibular periférica (DVP). Cães com raça definida foram mais acometidos que aqueles sem raça definida, principalmente Dachshund (DVP) e Boxer (DVC). Os principais sinais clínicos observados, tanto na DVP quanto na DVC, incluíram: inclinação de cabeça, ataxia vestibular e estrabismo ventral ou ventrolateral. Deficiência proprioceptiva, disfunção dos nervos cranianos V-XII e alteração de nível de consciência foram vistos apenas em casos de DVC, já a ausência de reflexo palpebral ocorreu apenas em casos de DVP. Doenças inflamatórias/infecciosas, principalmente cinomose e otite bacteriana, foram as condições mais comumente associadas à DVC e à DVP, respectivamente. Esse artigo estabelece os aspectos epidemiológicos (sexo, idade e raça) e a prevalência dos sinais clínicos observados em cães com doença vestibular na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, discute a utilização dos achados clínicos no diagnóstico correto e na diferenciação entre DVC e DVP, e define quais as principais doenças responsáveis pela ocorrência dessas duas síndromes clínicas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Vestibular Diseases/classification , Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis , Vestibular Diseases/veterinary , Vestibular Diseases/historyABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar cães com epilepsia e obter informações a respeito da raça, do sexo, da idade, da classificação da epilepsia e da crise convulsiva, dos estágios e do período de ocorrência das crises convulsivas. Em 66,7% (44/66) dos cães a epilepsia foi primária, em 21,2% (14/66) sintomática e em 12,1% (8/66) provavelmente sintomática. Os cães sem raça definida (27%) foram os mais acometidos e a faixa etária predominou entre um e cinco anos de idade. A crise convulsiva generalizada tônico-clônica (66,7%) foi a mais observada, a procura pelo dono (72,7%) no período pré-ictal e o andar compulsivo (60,5%) no período pós-ictal foram os sinais mais encontrados e a ocorrência das crises convulsivas foi maior no período noturno (79,2%).
The objective of this study was to identify dogs with epilepsy and to obtain information about breed, sex, age, classification of the epilepsy and the seizures, as well as the stage and time of occurrence of the seizures. Epilepsy was primary in 66.7% (44/66) of dogs, symptomatic in 21.2% (14/66), and probably symptomatic in 12.1% (8/66). Crossbred dogs (27%) were the most affected and the predominant age group ranged from one to five years; the generalized tonic-clonic seizures (66.7%) was the most frequent presentation. The search for the owner (72.7%) during the preictal period and the compulsive walking (60.5%) in post-ictal period were the more frequent signs observed in the affected dogs, and the occurrence of seizures was higher at night (79.2%).
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs/abnormalities , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/veterinary , Epilepsy/veterinary , Epilepsies, Myoclonic/veterinary , Age Distribution , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Signs and SymptomsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar cães com epilepsia e obter informações a respeito da raça, do sexo, da idade, da classificação da epilepsia e da crise convulsiva, dos estágios e do período de ocorrência das crises convulsivas. Em 66,7% (44/66) dos cães a epilepsia foi primária, em 21,2% (14/66) sintomática e em 12,1% (8/66) provavelmente sintomática. Os cães sem raça definida (27%) foram os mais acometidos e a faixa etária predominou entre um e cinco anos de idade. A crise convulsiva generalizada tônico-clônica (66,7%) foi a mais observada, a procura pelo dono (72,7%) no período pré-ictal e o andar compulsivo (60,5%) no período pós-ictal foram os sinais mais encontrados e a ocorrência das crises convulsivas foi maior no período noturno (79,2%).(AU)
The objective of this study was to identify dogs with epilepsy and to obtain information about breed, sex, age, classification of the epilepsy and the seizures, as well as the stage and time of occurrence of the seizures. Epilepsy was primary in 66.7% (44/66) of dogs, symptomatic in 21.2% (14/66), and probably symptomatic in 12.1% (8/66). Crossbred dogs (27%) were the most affected and the predominant age group ranged from one to five years; the generalized tonic-clonic seizures (66.7%) was the most frequent presentation. The search for the owner (72.7%) during the preictal period and the compulsive walking (60.5%) in post-ictal period were the more frequent signs observed in the affected dogs, and the occurrence of seizures was higher at night (79.2%).(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs/abnormalities , Epilepsy/veterinary , Epilepsies, Myoclonic/veterinary , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/veterinary , Age Distribution , Signs and Symptoms , Cerebrospinal FluidABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar a recuperação funcional de cães paraplégicos sem percepção à dor profunda (PDP) com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) toracolombar submetidos à hemilaminectomia dorsolateral. Foram incluídos somente cães com DDIV entre os segmentos da medula espinhal T3 e L3, que estavam paraplégicos sem PDP submetidos à cirurgia descompressiva. Foi observada recuperação funcional satisfatória em 73,3% dos cães (n=11), sendo um, aos cinco dias, sete entre 15 e 30 dias e três acima de 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. A duração da perda da PDP antes da cirurgia em cinco cães recuperados foi entre 12 e 48 horas e, em seis cães, acima de 48 horas. Cães paraplégicos sem PDP em decorrência da DDIV toracolombar podem apresentar recuperação funcional satisfatória quando submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico mesmo sem percepção a dor profunda com tempo superior a 48 horas. Futuras pesquisas serão necessárias para avaliar a eficiência do tratamento cirúrgico, principalmente para aqueles que perderam a PDP acima de 48 horas.
This retrospective study was to evaluate the functional recovery of paraplegic dogs without deep pain perception (DPP) with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) submitted to dorsolateral hemilaminectomy. Only dogs with IVDD between spinal cord segments T3 and L3, which were paraplegic without DPP and were submitted to decompressive surgery were included in the study. Satisfactory functional recovery was observed in 73.3% of the dogs (n=11). Recovery time after surgery was one day (one dog), between 15 and 30 days (seven dogs) and over 30 days 30 days 3 dogs). The duration of the lack of DPP before surgery was 12-48 hours, in five recovered dogs and over 48 hours in six recovered dogs It can be concluded that paraplegic dogs with thoracolumbar IVD and lack of DPP may present satisfactory functional recovery when submitted to surgical treatment even when the absence of deep pain perception has settled for more than 48 hours. Further research is needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment, mainly for dogs with lack of DPP over 48 hours.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs/injuries , Decompression, Surgical/veterinary , Intervertebral Disc/pathology , Pain Perception , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/veterinaryABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar a recuperação funcional de cães paraplégicos sem percepção à dor profunda (PDP) com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) toracolombar submetidos à hemilaminectomia dorsolateral. Foram incluídos somente cães com DDIV entre os segmentos da medula espinhal T3 e L3, que estavam paraplégicos sem PDP submetidos à cirurgia descompressiva. Foi observada recuperação funcional satisfatória em 73,3% dos cães (n=11), sendo um, aos cinco dias, sete entre 15 e 30 dias e três acima de 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. A duração da perda da PDP antes da cirurgia em cinco cães recuperados foi entre 12 e 48 horas e, em seis cães, acima de 48 horas. Cães paraplégicos sem PDP em decorrência da DDIV toracolombar podem apresentar recuperação funcional satisfatória quando submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico mesmo sem percepção a dor profunda com tempo superior a 48 horas. Futuras pesquisas serão necessárias para avaliar a eficiência do tratamento cirúrgico, principalmente para aqueles que perderam a PDP acima de 48 horas.(AU)
This retrospective study was to evaluate the functional recovery of paraplegic dogs without deep pain perception (DPP) with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) submitted to dorsolateral hemilaminectomy. Only dogs with IVDD between spinal cord segments T3 and L3, which were paraplegic without DPP and were submitted to decompressive surgery were included in the study. Satisfactory functional recovery was observed in 73.3% of the dogs (n=11). Recovery time after surgery was one day (one dog), between 15 and 30 days (seven dogs) and over 30 days 30 days 3 dogs). The duration of the lack of DPP before surgery was 12-48 hours, in five recovered dogs and over 48 hours in six recovered dogs It can be concluded that paraplegic dogs with thoracolumbar IVD and lack of DPP may present satisfactory functional recovery when submitted to surgical treatment even when the absence of deep pain perception has settled for more than 48 hours. Further research is needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment, mainly for dogs with lack of DPP over 48 hours.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs/injuries , Intervertebral Disc/pathology , Decompression, Surgical/veterinary , Pain Perception , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/veterinaryABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi identi [1]icar cães com neoplasmas envolvendo o sistema nervoso central (SNC), atendidos entre janeiro de 2003 a junho de 2011, no HVU-UFSM, e obter informações a respeito da raça, do sexo, da idade, dos sinais neurológicos, da localização, da evolução clínica, do tipo e da origem do tumor e dos achados de exames complementares. Os 26 neoplasmas envolvendo o SNC incluídos nesse estudo ocorreram principalmente em Boxers (35%), com predomínio de idade de cinco anos ou mais (92,3%). A evolução dos sinais clínicos nos neoplasmas encefálicos variou entre sete e 115 dias e nos medulares entre sete a 420 dias. Os sinais neurológicos principais em cães com neoplasmas encefálicos e medulares foram alteração do nível de consciência (58%), caracterizada principalmente por sonolência, e hiperestesia espinhal (57%), respectivamente. As regiões tálamo-cortical e T3-L3 foram as mais acometidas (58% e 43%, respectivamente). Dos 12 neoplasmas que afetaram o encéfalo, 10 eram primários (83,3%). Dos 14 neoplasmas que afetaram a medula espinhal, apenas quatro eram primários (28,6%). Dos neoplasmas encefálicos e medulares primários, o mais comum foi o meningioma, perfazendo 40% e 75% dos casos, respectivamente.
This retrospective study was aimed to identify dogs with neoplasms affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and compile information on the affected breeds, sex, age group, anatomical site of the tumor, type of clinical signs and clinical course, and laboratory results. The study included the cases submitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (HVU) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil, from January 2003 to June 2011. The 26 neoplasms affecting the CNS included in this study occurred mainly in Boxers (35%) and the predominantly affected age-group was 5-year-old or older (92.3%). The course of clinical signs in dogs with brain neoplasms was 7-115 days and that of spinal cord tumors was 7-420 days. The most frequently observed neurological signs in dogs with brain and spinal cord neoplasms were respectively changes in the conscience levels (58%), which were characterized by somnolence, and spinal hyperesthesia (57%). The cortico-thalamic region and the T3-L3 spinal cord segment were the most frequently anatomical sites involved (58% and 43%, respectively). Ten out 12 neoplasms affecting the brain were primary (83.3%) whereas only four of those 14 neoplasms affecting the spinal cord were primary (28.6%). Meningioma was the most frequent m primary neoplasms affecting the brain and spinal cord of dogs, consisting respectively of 40% e 75% of the cases.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs , Diagnostic Imaging/veterinary , Meningioma/veterinary , Myelography/veterinary , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/veterinary , Signs and Symptoms , Unconsciousness/veterinary , Radiography/veterinary , Ultrasonography/veterinaryABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi identi [1]icar cães com neoplasmas envolvendo o sistema nervoso central (SNC), atendidos entre janeiro de 2003 a junho de 2011, no HVU-UFSM, e obter informações a respeito da raça, do sexo, da idade, dos sinais neurológicos, da localização, da evolução clínica, do tipo e da origem do tumor e dos achados de exames complementares. Os 26 neoplasmas envolvendo o SNC incluídos nesse estudo ocorreram principalmente em Boxers (35%), com predomínio de idade de cinco anos ou mais (92,3%). A evolução dos sinais clínicos nos neoplasmas encefálicos variou entre sete e 115 dias e nos medulares entre sete a 420 dias. Os sinais neurológicos principais em cães com neoplasmas encefálicos e medulares foram alteração do nível de consciência (58%), caracterizada principalmente por sonolência, e hiperestesia espinhal (57%), respectivamente. As regiões tálamo-cortical e T3-L3 foram as mais acometidas (58% e 43%, respectivamente). Dos 12 neoplasmas que afetaram o encéfalo, 10 eram primários (83,3%). Dos 14 neoplasmas que afetaram a medula espinhal, apenas quatro eram primários (28,6%). Dos neoplasmas encefálicos e medulares primários, o mais comum foi o meningioma, perfazendo 40% e 75% dos casos, respectivamente.(AU)
This retrospective study was aimed to identify dogs with neoplasms affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and compile information on the affected breeds, sex, age group, anatomical site of the tumor, type of clinical signs and clinical course, and laboratory results. The study included the cases submitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (HVU) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil, from January 2003 to June 2011. The 26 neoplasms affecting the CNS included in this study occurred mainly in Boxers (35%) and the predominantly affected age-group was 5-year-old or older (92.3%). The course of clinical signs in dogs with brain neoplasms was 7-115 days and that of spinal cord tumors was 7-420 days. The most frequently observed neurological signs in dogs with brain and spinal cord neoplasms were respectively changes in the conscience levels (58%), which were characterized by somnolence, and spinal hyperesthesia (57%). The cortico-thalamic region and the T3-L3 spinal cord segment were the most frequently anatomical sites involved (58% and 43%, respectively). Ten out 12 neoplasms affecting the brain were primary (83.3%) whereas only four of those 14 neoplasms affecting the spinal cord were primary (28.6%). Meningioma was the most frequent m primary neoplasms affecting the brain and spinal cord of dogs, consisting respectively of 40% e 75% of the cases.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/veterinary , Signs and Symptoms , Diagnostic Imaging/veterinary , Myelography/veterinary , Meningioma/veterinary , Radiography/veterinary , Ultrasonography/veterinary , Unconsciousness/veterinaryABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar cães com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) cervical atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) entre janeiro de 2003 e outubro de 2008 e obter informações a respeito de raça, sexo, idade, sinais neurológicos, resposta ao tratamento cirúrgico, complicações, tempo de recuperação funcional após a cirurgia e ocorrência de recidiva. Hiperestesia cervical foi observada em todos os cães (n=28). Quanto ao grau de disfunção neurológica foram verificados: grau I (8/28[28,5 por cento]), grau II (3/28 [10,7 por cento]), grau III (5/28[17,8 por cento]) e grau V (12/2 [42,8 por cento]). A duração dos sinais neurológicos antes da cirurgia em sete cães (25 por cento) permaneceu por até 15 dias, em 14 cães (50 por cento) entre 15 e 30 dias e nos outros sete cães (25 por cento) por mais de 30 dias. A recuperação satisfatória e sem recidiva foi observada em todos os cães submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico e que sobreviveram (n=21). Pode-se concluir que a DDIV cervical em nossa rotina acomete principalmente cães adultos, machos, de raças condrodistróficas e não condrodistróficas, incluindo as de grande porte; a hiperestesia cervical é a principal manifestação clínica; a técnica de fenda ventral promove recuperação funcional satisfatória e sem recidiva; as principais complicações trans-operatórias são a hemorragia do plexo venoso, a bradicardia e a hipotensão; e a duração dos sinais clínicos não interfere no tempo de recuperação pós-operatória dos cães.(AU)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the medical records of dogs with cervical intervertebral disk disease (IDD), submitted to surgical treatment at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM), between January 2003 and October 2008. The animal data included breed, sex, age, neurological signs and their durations, response to surgical treatment, complications, time for functional recovery after surgery, and recurrence. All dogs showed cervical hyperaesthesia confirmed by the neck movement test. Regarding the degree of neurological dysfunction, the following were verified: degree I (eight dogs, 28.5 percent), degree II (three dogs, 10.7 percent), degree III (five dogs, 17.8 percent), and degree V (twelve dogs, 42.8 percent). In relation to the duration of neurological signs prior to surgery, seven dogs (25 percent) showed neurological deficits for up to 15 days, fourteen dogs (50 percent) for 15 to 30 days and the other seven dogs (25 percent) showed signs of neurological deficiencies for more than 30 days. All dogs (n=21) showed satisfactory recovery and no recurrence. It can be concluded that most affected dogs are middle aged, males and condrodystrophic and noncondrodystrophic breeds including large-breed dogs and the main neurological sign is cervical hyperaesthesia. The surgical treatment promotes satisfactory functional recovery and no recurrence, the main complications intraoperative are venous plexus hemorrhage, bradycardia and hypotension and the duration of clinical signs prior to surgery do not interfere with the recovery time of the dogs.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Dogs , Dogs/surgery , Intervertebral Disc/physiopathology , Intervertebral Disc/surgery , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/rehabilitation , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/surgery , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/veterinary , Myelography/methods , Myelography/veterinary , Radiography/methods , Radiography/veterinary , Anesthesia, General/methods , Anesthesia, General/veterinaryABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar cães com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) cervical atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) entre janeiro de 2003 e outubro de 2008 e obter informações a respeito de raça, sexo, idade, sinais neurológicos, resposta ao tratamento cirúrgico, complicações, tempo de recuperação funcional após a cirurgia e ocorrência de recidiva. Hiperestesia cervical foi observada em todos os cães (n=28). Quanto ao grau de disfunção neurológica foram verificados: grau I (8/28[28,5 por cento]), grau II (3/28 [10,7 por cento]), grau III (5/28[17,8 por cento]) e grau V (12/2 [42,8 por cento]). A duração dos sinais neurológicos antes da cirurgia em sete cães (25 por cento) permaneceu por até 15 dias, em 14 cães (50 por cento) entre 15 e 30 dias e nos outros sete cães (25 por cento) por mais de 30 dias. A recuperação satisfatória e sem recidiva foi observada em todos os cães submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico e que sobreviveram (n=21). Pode-se concluir que a DDIV cervical em nossa rotina acomete principalmente cães adultos, machos, de raças condrodistróficas e não condrodistróficas, incluindo as de grande porte; a hiperestesia cervical é a principal manifestação clínica; a técnica de fenda ventral promove recuperação funcional satisfatória e sem recidiva; as principais complicações trans-operatórias são a hemorragia do plexo venoso, a bradicardia e a hipotensão; e a duração dos sinais clínicos não interfere no tempo de recuperação pós-operatória dos cães.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the medical records of dogs with cervical intervertebral disk disease (IDD), submitted to surgical treatment at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM), between January 2003 and October 2008. The animal data included breed, sex, age, neurological signs and their durations, response to surgical treatment, complications, time for functional recovery after surgery, and recurrence. All dogs showed cervical hyperaesthesia confirmed by the neck movement test. Regarding the degree of neurological dysfunction, the following were verified: degree I (eight dogs, 28.5 percent), degree II (three dogs, 10.7 percent), degree III (five dogs, 17.8 percent), and degree V (twelve dogs, 42.8 percent). In relation to the duration of neurological signs prior to surgery, seven dogs (25 percent) showed neurological deficits for up to 15 days, fourteen dogs (50 percent) for 15 to 30 days and the other seven dogs (25 percent) showed signs of neurological deficiencies for more than 30 days. All dogs (n=21) showed satisfactory recovery and no recurrence. It can be concluded that most affected dogs are middle aged, males and condrodystrophic and noncondrodystrophic breeds including large-breed dogs and the main neurological sign is cervical hyperaesthesia. The surgical treatment promotes satisfactory functional recovery and no recurrence, the main complications intraoperative are venous plexus hemorrhage, bradycardia and hypotension and the duration of clinical signs prior to surgery do not interfere with the recovery time of the dogs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Dogs , Dogs/surgery , Intervertebral Disc/surgery , Intervertebral Disc/physiopathology , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/surgery , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/rehabilitation , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/veterinary , Anesthesia, General/methods , Anesthesia, General/veterinary , Myelography/methods , Myelography/veterinary , Radiography/methods , Radiography/veterinaryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the renal and cardiorespiratory effects of IV treatment with lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (PSS) in severely decompensated cats with urethral obstruction (UO). ANIMALS: 14 cats (4 cats were used only to establish infusion rates). PROCEDURES: An occluded urethral catheter was used to induce UO in each cat. After development of severe metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and postrenal azotemia, the obstruction was relieved (0 hours); LRS or PSS (5 cats/group) was administered IV (gradually decreasing rate) beginning 15 minutes before and continuing for 48 hours after UO relief. Ten minutes before urethral catheter placement (baseline), at start of fluid therapy (SFT), and at intervals during fluid administration, various physical and clinicopathologic evaluations were performed. RESULTS: Metabolic acidosis was detected in the PSS-treated group at SFT and 2 hours after relief of UO and in the LRS-treated group only at SFT The PSS-treated group had significantly lower blood pH and bicarbonate concentrations at 8 through 48 hours and lower base excess values at 2 through 48 hours, compared with the LRS-treated group. Hypocalcemia and hypernatremia were detected in the PSS-treated group at 2 and 12 hours, respectively. Absolute serum potassium and chloride concentrations did not differ significantly between groups at any time point. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment with LRS or PSS appeared to be safe and effective in cats with experimentally induced UO; however, LRS was more efficient in restoring the acid-base and electrolyte balance in severely decompensated cats with UO.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Isotonic Solutions/therapeutic use , Kidney/physiology , Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use , Urethral Obstruction/veterinary , Animals , Body Temperature/drug effects , Cat Diseases/physiopathology , Cats , Diuresis/drug effects , Fluid Therapy/methods , Fluid Therapy/veterinary , Heart Rate/drug effects , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/physiopathology , Male , Orchiectomy , Ringer's Lactate , Serum Albumin/drug effects , Serum Albumin/metabolism , Urethral Obstruction/drug therapy , Urethral Obstruction/physiopathologyABSTRACT
O objetivo deste experimento foi isolar a musculatura epaxial da medula espinhal de cães submetidos à laminectomia dorsal modificada (LDM) e averiguar se os músculos influenciaram na formação da fibrose epidural, na compressão medular e no aparecimento dos sinais neurológicos. Para isso, dez cães hígidos foram submetidos à LDM entre as vértebras T13 e L1 e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos denominados controle (I) onde a medula espinhal permaneceu exposta sem a presença de implante, e tratado (II)onde foi colocado um im-plante a base de alumínio entre a musculatura epaxial adjacente e a medula espinhal exposta pela LDM. As avaliações constaram de exames neurológicos diários até 180 dias de pós-operatório (PO); mielografia, decorridos 15, 30 e 60 dias de PO; e avaliação macroscópica mediante a reintervenção cirúrgica. Não houve diferença durante as avaliações neurológicas. Aos 15 dias de PO, foi verificado na mielografia, que o grau de compressão da linha de contraste foi maior no grupo tratado (P<0,05) quando comparado ao grupo controle, não havendo diferença dos demais tempos estudados. Na avaliação macroscópica, pode-se observar que no Grupo II, a musculatura epaxial adjacente à medula espinhal não estava em contato com a fibrose epidural, diferentemente do grupo controle. O implante pôde ser removido facilmente e apresentava discreto grau de deformidade crânio-dorsal. Pode-se concluir que a musculatura epaxial adjacente é isolada da medula espinhal pelo implante à base de alumínio em cães submetidos à LDM, e esta não influencia na formação da fibrose epidural, compressão medular e no aparecimento dos sinais neurológicos.
The purpose of this study was to isolate the adjacent epaxial musculature from exposed spinal cord by modified dorsal laminectomy in dogs with aluminum implant and to verify whether the muscles contribute to form epidural fibrosis, spinal cord compression, and development of neurological signs. Ten dogs were submitted to modified dorsal laminectomy between T13 and L1 and then distributed along two groups. Dogs in the group 1 remained with the spinal cord exposed without the implant; dogs in the group 2 had an aluminum implant inserted between the epaxial muscles and the exposed spinal cord. Neurological examination was daily performed until 180 days post surgery. Additionally, myelography at 15, 30, and 60 days post surgery and macroscopic evaluation of the implant at six months post surgery were done. There was no difference between groups in the neurological examination. A statistical difference in the degree of spinal compression was observed at day 15 post surgery in the group 2. In this group, the epaxial musculature adjacent to the spinal cord was not in contact with the epidural fibrosis, differently to what was observed in the control group. The implant was removed easily with some degree of deformity. The results showed that the adjacent musculature of the spinal cord submitted to a modified dorsal laminectomy in dogs can be isolated by aluminum implant, without any contact with epidural fibrosis or influence in the development of neurological signs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Spine/surgery , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Neurosurgical Procedures/adverse effects , Epidural Space/injuries , Fibrosis , Myelography/methodsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos casos de subluxação atlantoaxial em cães, por meio de consulta dos registros neurológicos do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), entre os anos de 2003 e 2008. Foram identificados a raça, o sexo, a idade, a etiologia, os sinais neurológicos, a duração dos sinais clínicos, o tratamento empregado, a resposta ao tratamento, o tempo de recuperação, a recidiva e a relação entre a duração dos sinais clínicos e a recuperação pós-operatória. Foram feitos o diagnóstico de subluxação atlantoaxial em 14 cães, sendo as raças Poodle (35,7 por cento), Pinscher (21,4 por cento) e Yorkshire Terrier (21,4 por cento) as mais acometidas e a maioria (92,8 por cento) com idade inferior a 24 meses. A principal causa da instabilidade foi a agenesia do processo odontoide do áxis (71,4 por cento) e os sinais clínicos variaram desde hiperestesia cervical até tetraparesia não ambulatória. O tratamento predominante foi o cirúrgico, que demonstrou ser eficaz com recuperação satisfatória em 90 por cento dos casos e menor possibilidade de recidiva, quando comparado ao trata,mento clínico. O tempo de recuperação predominante foi de 30-60 dias após a cirurgia, não existindo relação deste com a duração dos sinais clínicos.
A retrospective study on atlantoaxial subluxation in dogs was done by reviewing the cases filed from 2003 to 2008 in the neurological records of the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, at Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The following data were identified: Breed, sex, age, etiology, clinical signs, duration of clinical course, assessment of the therapy employed and its efficacy, response to treatment and relapse. Fourteen dogs were diagnosed as affected by atlantoaxial subluxation and the condition was more frequent in dogs under twenty-four month old years and of toy breeds, such as Poodle (35.7 percent), Pinscher (21.4 percent) and Yorkshire terrier (21.4 percent). The main cause found for the instability was agenesis of the odontoid process. Clinical signs ranged from cranial cervical pain to non-ambulatory tetraparesis. The predominant treatment employed was surgical which demonstrated to be efficacious in 90 percent of the cases with minor risks of relapse when compared with clinical treatment. The predominant time of recovery was 30-60 days after surgery. No correlation was found between the duration of clinical signs before surgery and the time of recovery.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Atlanto-Axial Joint , Joint Dislocations/surgery , Odontoid Process/surgery , Hyperesthesia/veterinary , Cervical Vertebrae/surgeryABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos casos de subluxação atlantoaxial em cães, por meio de consulta dos registros neurológicos do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), entre os anos de 2003 e 2008. Foram identificados a raça, o sexo, a idade, a etiologia, os sinais neurológicos, a duração dos sinais clínicos, o tratamento empregado, a resposta ao tratamento, o tempo de recuperação, a recidiva e a relação entre a duração dos sinais clínicos e a recuperação pós-operatória. Foram feitos o diagnóstico de subluxação atlantoaxial em 14 cães, sendo as raças Poodle (35,7 por cento), Pinscher (21,4 por cento) e Yorkshire Terrier (21,4 por cento) as mais acometidas e a maioria (92,8 por cento) com idade inferior a 24 meses. A principal causa da instabilidade foi a agenesia do processo odontoide do áxis (71,4 por cento) e os sinais clínicos variaram desde hiperestesia cervical até tetraparesia não ambulatória. O tratamento predominante foi o cirúrgico, que demonstrou ser eficaz com recuperação satisfatória em 90 por cento dos casos e menor possibilidade de recidiva, quando comparado ao trata,mento clínico. O tempo de recuperação predominante foi de 30-60 dias após a cirurgia, não existindo relação deste com a duração dos sinais clínicos.(AU)
A retrospective study on atlantoaxial subluxation in dogs was done by reviewing the cases filed from 2003 to 2008 in the neurological records of the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, at Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The following data were identified: Breed, sex, age, etiology, clinical signs, duration of clinical course, assessment of the therapy employed and its efficacy, response to treatment and relapse. Fourteen dogs were diagnosed as affected by atlantoaxial subluxation and the condition was more frequent in dogs under twenty-four month old years and of toy breeds, such as Poodle (35.7 percent), Pinscher (21.4 percent) and Yorkshire terrier (21.4 percent). The main cause found for the instability was agenesis of the odontoid process. Clinical signs ranged from cranial cervical pain to non-ambulatory tetraparesis. The predominant treatment employed was surgical which demonstrated to be efficacious in 90 percent of the cases with minor risks of relapse when compared with clinical treatment. The predominant time of recovery was 30-60 days after surgery. No correlation was found between the duration of clinical signs before surgery and the time of recovery.(AU)