Effect of grape juice, red wine and resveratrol solution on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepactic function and lipid profile in rats feds with high-fat diet.

The objective was to investigate the role of consumption of grape juice (GJ), red wine (RW) or resveratrol solution (RS) on rats treated with a high-fat diet (HFD). Among the drinks offered, GJ had lower content of polyphenols and trans-resveratrol. Nevertheless, GJ showed similar content of anthocyanin and antioxidant activity to RW, although higher than RS. In rats treated with HFD, consumption of GJ presented best antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, reducing glutathione peroxidase and interleukin-6 serum levels. In addition, GJ promoted better levels of cholesterol and liver markers. On the other hand, RW aggravated the oxidizing effect of HFD, increasing catalase activity and interleukin-6 level. Already, RS showed no benefit in animals. Thus, GJ minimized the effects of HFD on oxidative stress and inflammation beyond promoted better levels of lipid profile and liver biomarkers. However, consumption of RS showed no benefit and RW revealed a pro-oxidant effect, as did HFD. [Figure: see text].

High fat diet and high polyphenols beverages effects in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity / Efectos de dieta con alto contenido de grasa y bebidas ricas en polifenoles en la actividad antioxidante enzimática y no enzimática

Background: High fat diets have been implicated in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polyphenols from grapes may reduce ROS and restore oxidative balance. The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant properties of high polyphenols beverages associated with a high fat diet in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. Material and methods: Fifty female rats were divided into five groups: a) control group (CG) - control diet (4% fat); b) high fat diet group (HFD) - high fat diet (20% fat); c) grape juice group (GJ) - grape juice (15 ml/day) + high fat diet; d) red wine group (RW) - red wine (10 ml/day) + high fat diet; and e) resveratrol solution group (RS) - resveratrol solution (15 ml/day) + high fat diet. Eight weeks later, the superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured. Superoxide dismutase activity was assayed by measuring the inhibition of adrenaline auto-oxidation, catalase by the decrease rate in hydrogen peroxide and glutathione peroxidase by monitoring the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Non-enzymatic antioxidant activity was assessed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity and DDPH (free radical sequestration 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydracil) method in the animal’s plasma. Results: GC and GJ presented the lowest glutathione peroxidase activity, pointing to a possible protective effect of grape juice against high levels of ROS (p < 0.05). RW increased catalase activity when compared to the RS (p <0 .05). Superoxide dismutase activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant plasma activity were similar in all groups. Conclusion: Grape juice showed to be the most effective in minimizing the deleterious effects of a high fat diet. Resveratrol did not present any benefit and red wine possibly shows a harmful effect due to ethanol content (AU)

Introducción: las dietas ricas en grasas se han implicado en la generación de especies reactivas del oxigeno (ROS). Los polifenoles de las uvas pueden reducir el ROS y restaurar el equilibrio oxidativo. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar las propiedades antioxidantes de las bebidas ricas en polifenoles asociadas con una dieta rica en grasa en la actividad antioxidante enzimática y no enzimática. Material y métodos: cincuenta ratas fueron divididas en cinco grupos: a) grupo control (CG) - dieta de control (4% de grasa); b) grupo rica en grasa (HFD) - dieta con 20% de grasa; c) jugo de uva (GJ) - jugo (15 ml/día) + dieta rica en grasas; d) vino tinto (RW) - vino tinto (10 ml/día) + dieta rica en grasas; y e) grupo solución de resveratrol (RS) - solución de resveratrol (15 ml/día) + dieta rica en grasas. Se midieron superoxido dismutasa, catalasa y glutation peroxidasa. La actividad de superoxido dismutasa para la inhibición de la auto-oxidación de adrenalina, la catalasa por la tasa de disminución de peróxido de hidrogeno y glutation peroxidasa monitorizando la oxidación de nicotinamida adenina dinucleotido fosfato. La actividad antioxidante no enzimatica se midió por el método de capacidad de absorción de radicales de oxígeno y DDPH (moléculas estables de radicales libres 2,2-difenil-1-picrihidrazilo). Resultados: GC y GJ presentaron la menor actividad de glutation peroxidasa, señalando un posible efecto protector del jugo de uva frente a altos niveles de ROS (p < 0,05). RW aumento la actividad de catalasa en comparación con RS (p < 0,05). Superoxido dismutasa y la actividad antioxidante no enzimatica fueron similares. Conclusiones: el jugo demostró ser el más eficaz para minimizar los efectos deletereos de una dieta rica en grasas. Resveratrol no presento ningún beneficio y el vino tinto posiblemente muestra un efecto perjudicial debido al contenido de etanol (AU)

High fat diet and high polyphenols beverages effects in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity.

BACKGROUND: High fat diets have been implicated in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polyphenols from grapes may reduce ROS and restore oxidative balance. The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant properties of high polyphenols beverages associated with a high fat diet in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty female rats were divided into five groups: a) control group (CG) - control diet (4% fat); b) high fat diet group (HFD) - high fat diet (20% fat); c) grape juice group (GJ) - grape juice (15 ml/day) + high fat diet; d) red wine group (RW) - red wine (10 ml/day) + high fat diet; and e) resveratrol solution group (RS) - resveratrol solution (15 ml/day) + high fat diet. Eight weeks later, the superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured. Superoxide dismutase activity was assayed by measuring the inhibition of adrenaline auto-oxidation, catalase by the decrease rate in hydrogen peroxide and glutathione peroxidase by monitoring the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Non-enzymatic antioxidant activity was assessed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity and DDPH (free radical sequestration 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydracil) method in the animal's plasma. RESULTS: GC and GJ presented the lowest glutathione peroxidase activity, pointing to a possible protective effect of grape juice against high levels of ROS (p < 0.05). RW increased catalase activity when compared to the RS (p <0 .05). Superoxide dismutase activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant plasma activity were similar in all groups. CONCLUSION: Grape juice showed to be the most effective in minimizing the deleterious effects of a high fat diet. Resveratrol did not present any benefit and red wine possibly shows a harmful effect due to ethanol content.

Effect of the intake of liquids rich in polyphenols on blood pressure and fat liver deposition in rats submitted to high-fat diet / Efecto de la ingesta de líquidos ricos en polifenoles sobre la presión arterial y de la deposición de grasa hepática en ratas sometidas a dieta rica en grasas

Introduction: seeking better quality of life, the number of studies on functional foods and disease prevention is growing fast. Whole red grape juice (WRGJ) and red wine (RW) stand out, which are rich in polyphenols, showing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Objective: to evaluate the effect of WRGJ and RW intake and resveratrol solution (RS) on blood pressure and fat liver deposition of rats fed with high-fat diet. Material and methods: during 60 days, 50 Rattus norvegicus Wistar Albino adults were divided into: control group (CG) - balanced diet, hyperlipidic group (HG), red wine group (RWG), grape juice group (JGG) and resveratrol group (RG) - hyperlipidic diet. Feed and water were offered ad libttum to all groups. WRGJ, RW and RS were offered daily to JG, WG and RG, respectively. Blood pressure was measured using tail plestimograph. The animals were anesthetized, sacrificed and the liver was removed, weighed and fat was extracted using Soxhlet extractor. Results: no difference in weight gain, feed intake, liver weight and diastolic blood pressure among groups was observed. However, systolic blood pressure (mmHg) and liver fat concentration (g%) were lower (p< 0.05) in JGG than in HG, WG and RG, but similar to CG. Conclusions: the daily consumption of WRGJ minimizes the effects of high-fat diet on systolic blood pressure and prevents nonalcoholic fatty infiltration in the liver of animals, which was not observed in the consumption of RW or resveratrol solution (AU)

Introducción: en busca de una mejor calidad de vida, crece el número de estudios sobre alimentos funcionales y la prevención de enfermedades. Destacan el jugo de uva roja (JU) y el vino tinto (VT), que son ricos en polifenoles, y tienen efecto antioxidante y antiinflamatorio. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la ingesta de JU, VT y solución de resveratrol (SR) sobre la presión arterial y la deposición de grasa hepática en ratas alimentadas con una dieta rica en grasas. Métodos: durante 60 días, 50 adultos de Rattus norvegicus Wistar Albino fueron divididos en grupos: control (GC) - dieta equilibrada y hiperlipídica (GH), vino tinto (GV), jugo de uva (JV) y resveratrol (GR) - dieta rica en grasas. El alimento y el agua se ofrecieron ad libttum a todos los grupos. JU, VT y SR se ofrecen diariamente a la GS, GV y GR, respectivamente. Se midió la presión arterial en la cola mediante manguito inflable. Los animales fueron anestesiados y sacrificados y se les extirpó el hígado, que fue pesado y del cual se extrajo la grasa con el extractor Soxhlet. Resultados: no hubo diferencia en la ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, peso del hígado y presión arterial diastólica entre los grupos. Sin embargo, la presión arterial sistólica (mmHg) y la concentración de grasa en el hígado (g%) fueron menores (p< 0,05) en los GJ que en GH, GV y GR, pero similar a la GC. Conclusiones: el consumo diario de JU minimiza los efectos de la dieta alta en grasas en la presión arterial sis tólica y previene la infiltración grasa no alcohólica en el hígado de los animales, que no se observó en el consumo de VT o resveratrol aislado en solución (AU)