ABSTRACT
The impact of surface roughness of bare and zeolite ZSM-5 coated stainless steel and aluminum alloy on colloid deposition has been investigated using a parallel plate flow chamber system in an aqueous environment. The metals were systematically polished to alter the surface roughness from nanoscale to microscale, with the subsequent surface roughness of both the bare and coated surfaces varying from 11.2 to 706 nm. The stainless steel and aluminum alloy surfaces are extensively characterized, both as bare and as coated surfaces. Experimental results suggest that ZSM-5 coating and surface roughness have a pronounced impact on the kinetics of the colloid deposition. The ZSM-5 coating reduced colloid adhesion compared to the corresponding bare metal surface. In general, the greater surface roughness of like samples resulted in higher colloid deposition. Primarily, this is due to greater surface roughness inducing less reduction in the attractive interactions occurring between colloids and collector surfaces. This effect was sensitive to ionic strength and was found to be more pronounced at lower ionic strength conditions. For the most electrostatically unfavorable scenario (ZSM-5 coatings in 1 mM KNO(3)), the enhanced deposition may also be attributed to inherent surface charge heterogeneity of ZSM-5 coatings due to aluminum in the crystalline structure. The two exceptions are ZSM-5 coated mirror-polished stainless steel and the unpolished aluminum surfaces, which are rougher than the other two samples of the same metal type but result in the least deposition. The reasons for these observations are discussed, as well as the effect of surface charge and hydrophobicity on the adhesion. The relative importance of surface roughness versus contributions of electrostatic interactions and hydrophobicity to the colloid deposition is also discussed.
Subject(s)
Aluminum/chemistry , Colloids/chemistry , Stainless Steel/chemistry , Zeolites/chemistry , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, is widely used in dental and orthopedic implants. Despite its excellent biocompatibility, Ti6Al4V releases toxic Al and V ions into the surrounding tissue after implantation. In addition, the elastic modulus of Ti6Al4V ( approximately 110GPa) is significantly higher than that of bone (10-40GPa), leading to a modulus mismatch and consequently implant loosening and deosteointegration. Zeolite coatings are proposed to prevent the release of the toxic ions into human tissue and enhance osteointegration by matching the mechanical properties of bone. Zeolite MFI coatings are successfully synthesized on commercially pure titanium and Ti6Al4V for the first time. The coating shows excellent adhesion by incorporating titanium from the substrate within the zeolite framework. Higher corrosion resistance than the bare titanium alloy is observed in 0.856M NaCl solution at pHs of 7.0 and 1.0. Zeolite coatings eliminate the release of cytotoxic Al and V ions over a 7 day period. Pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells show higher adhesion and cell proliferation on the three-dimensional zeolite microstructure surface compared with a two-dimensional glass surface, indicating that the zeolite coatings are highly biocompatible.
Subject(s)
Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/pharmacology , Fibroblasts/cytology , Prostheses and Implants , Titanium/chemistry , Zeolites/chemistry , Zeolites/pharmacology , Alloys , Animals , Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Corrosion , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Humans , Materials Testing , Mice , Prosthesis Design , Surface Properties , Tissue Engineering/methodsABSTRACT
In this study, the impact of zeolite thin film coatings on bacterial deposition and "biofouling" of surfaces has been investigated in an aqueous environment. The synthesis of two types of zeolite coatings, ZSM-5 coated on aluminum alloy and zeolite A coated on stainless steel, and the characterization of the coated and bare metal surfaces are described. The extent of cell deposition onto the bare and zeolite-coated aluminum alloy and stainless steel surfaces is investigated in a parallel plate flow chamber system under a laminar flow conditions. The initial rates of bacterial transfer to the various surfaces are compared by utilizing a marine bacterium, Halomonas pacifica g, under a range of ionic strength conditions. H. pacifica g deposited onto bare metal surfaces to a greater extent as compared with cells deposited onto the zeolite coatings. The surface properties found to have the most notable effect on attachment are the electrokinetic and hydrophobicity properties of the metal and zeolite-coated surfaces. These results suggest that a combination of two chemical mechanisms-hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions-contribute to the antifouling nature of the zeolite surface. Additional observations on the relative role of the hydrodynamic and physical phenomena are also discussed.
