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1.
Clin J Pain ; 33(10): 865-869, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28002096

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Multimodal analgesia is widely advocated for the control of perioperative pain in an effort to reduce the use of opioid. Duloxetine is a selective inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake with efficacy for chronic pain conditions. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two 60 mg oral doses of duloxetine in terms of fentanyl consumption during the postoperative period in patients undergoing elective spine surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was prospective, double-blind, randomized, and placebo controlled. Patients received either 60 mg duloxetine or an identical placebo 1 hour before surgery and again the following morning. The study participants were allocated into 2 groups: Group C (control) participants received the placebo and Group D (duloxetine) participants received 60 mg duloxetine. The total consumption of fentanyl 48 hours after surgery was measured. Secondary end points were pain scores and the presence or absence of adverse effects, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, itching, dizziness, and drowsiness. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics did not differ between groups. There was a significant difference in fentanyl consumption in the first 24 hours between Groups C and D (mean difference, 223.11±39.32 µg; P<0.001). Fentanyl consumption also differed between Groups C and D after 48 hours (mean difference, 179.35±32.55 µg; P<0.000). The pain scores over 48 hours did not significantly differ between groups. The incidence of side-effects was similar in both groups. DISCUSSION: Duloxetine was effective as an adjunct for postoperative analgesia and reduced opioid consumption.


Subject(s)
Analgesics/therapeutic use , Duloxetine Hydrochloride/therapeutic use , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Spine/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled/statistics & numerical data , Analgesics/adverse effects , Anesthesia, General , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Duloxetine Hydrochloride/adverse effects , Female , Fentanyl/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
2.
Acupunct Med ; 29(1): 16-20, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21383391

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the effects of preoperative electroacupuncture (EA) on the need for opioids in the postoperative stage of conventional cardiac surgery. METHODS: A prospective, randomised and controlled study was conducted at Unimed Hospital Centre in Joinville, SC, Brazil. The day before the surgery, 32 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomised into two groups: patients from the treatment group received preoperative EA at bilateral points (LI4-LI11, LR3-ST36, PC6-TE5) for 30 min with alternating frequencies of 3 and 15 Hz. Patients from the control group received sham transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Use of fentanyl during the postoperative period was measured. RESULTS: 10 patients were excluded because of hemodynamic and ventilatory instability leaving 13 (10 male) in the treatment group and 9 (4 male) in the control group. The average total doses of fentanyl given were 13.1±2.2 and 16.3±1.6 µg/kg in the treatment and control groups respectively (p<0.002). The doses of patient controlled analgesia were 4.1±2.0 and 6.9±1.7 µg/kg in the treatment and control groups respectively (p<0.003). The number of boluses issued also differed (treatment 13.9±7.0 vs control 24.8±7.0, p<0.002). Pain intensity scores differed between the groups (treatment 2.5±1.1 vs control 4.0±2.0, p<0.04). One patient from the control group experienced drowsiness that justified a change in fentanyl infusion, as decided by the anaesthetist. CONCLUSION: Preoperative electro-acupuncture in conventional cardiac surgery may reduce the postoperative consumption of fentanyl.


Subject(s)
Acupuncture Analgesia/methods , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Electroacupuncture/methods , Pain, Postoperative/therapy , Preoperative Care/methods , Adult , Aged , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
3.
Clinics (Sao Paulo) ; 65(2): 189-94, 2010 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20186303

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that pulse pressure respiratory variation (PPV) amplification, observed in hypovolemia, can also be observed during sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced vasodilation. INTRODUCTION: PPV is largely used for early identification of cardiac responsiveness, especially when hypovolemia is suspected. PPV results from respiratory variation in transpulmonary blood flow and reflects the left ventricular preload variations during respiratory cycles. Any factor that decreases left ventricular preload can be associated with PPV amplification, as seen in hypovolemia. METHODS: Ten anesthetized and mechanically ventilated rabbits underwent progressive hypotension by either controlled hemorrhage (Group 1) or intravenous SNP infusion (Group 2). Animals in Group 1 (n = 5) had graded hemorrhage induced at 10% steps until 50% of the total volume was bled. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) steps were registered and assumed as pressure targets to be reached in Group 2. Group 2 (n = 5) was subjected to a progressive SNP infusion to reach similar pressure targets as those defined in Group 1. Heart rate (HR), systolic pressure variation (SPV) and PPV were measured at each MAP step, and the values were compared between the groups. RESULTS: SPV and PPV were similar between the experimental models in all steps (p > 0.16). SPV increased earlier in Group 2. CONCLUSION: Both pharmacologic vasodilation and graded hemorrhage induced PPV amplification similar to that observed in hypovolemia, reinforcing the idea that amplified arterial pressure variation does not necessarily represent hypovolemic status but rather potential cardiovascular responsiveness to fluid infusion.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/drug effects , Blood Volume/drug effects , Hypovolemia/physiopathology , Shock, Hemorrhagic/physiopathology , Animals , Blood Pressure/physiology , Blood Volume/physiology , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Rabbits , Shock, Hemorrhagic/chemically induced , Vasodilation/drug effects , Vasodilation/physiology
4.
Clinics ; 65(2): 189-194, 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-539836

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that pulse pressure respiratory variation (PPV) amplification, observed in hypovolemia, can also be observed during sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced vasodilation. INTRODUCTION: PPV is largely used for early identification of cardiac responsiveness, especially when hypovolemia is suspected. PPV results from respiratory variation in transpulmonary blood flow and reflects the left ventricular preload variations during respiratory cycles. Any factor that decreases left ventricular preload can be associated with PPV amplification, as seen in hypovolemia. METHODS: Ten anesthetized and mechanically ventilated rabbits underwent progressive hypotension by either controlled hemorrhage (Group 1) or intravenous SNP infusion (Group 2). Animals in Group 1 (n = 5) had graded hemorrhage induced at 10 percent steps until 50 percent of the total volume was bled. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) steps were registered and assumed as pressure targets to be reached in Group 2. Group 2 (n = 5) was subjected to a progressive SNP infusion to reach similar pressure targets as those defined in Group 1. Heart rate (HR), systolic pressure variation (SPV) and PPV were measured at each MAP step, and the values were compared between the groups. RESULTS: SPV and PPV were similar between the experimental models in all steps (p > 0.16). SPV increased earlier in Group 2. CONCLUSION: Both pharmacologic vasodilation and graded hemorrhage induced PPV amplification similar to that observed in hypovolemia, reinforcing the idea that amplified arterial pressure variation does not necessarily represent hypovolemic status but rather potential cardiovascular responsiveness to fluid infusion.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Blood Volume/drug effects , Hypovolemia/physiopathology , Shock, Hemorrhagic/physiopathology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Blood Volume/physiology , Disease Models, Animal , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Shock, Hemorrhagic/chemically induced , Vasodilation/drug effects , Vasodilation/physiology
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 55(4): 387-396, jul.-ago. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-416900

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O vômito pós-operatório é uma complicação comum e desagradável. Porém, atualmente modelos matemáticos tais como número necessário para tratar (NNT) e redução do risco relativo (RRR) têm sido úteis para a decisão de que medicação utilizar para a profilaxia. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a dexametasona, comparada à metoclopramida, reduz a incidência de vômitos, quando administrada por via venosa em crianças anestesiadas com sevoflurano em cirurgias pediátricas ambulatoriais. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 237 crianças, do sexo masculino, com idade entre 11 meses e 12 anos, estado físico ASA I e II, submetidas à herniorrafia inguinal. Como medicação pré-anestésica foi utilizado midazolam por via oral. Para a indução e manutenção da anestesia foram utilizados sevoflurano, óxido nitroso e fentanil (1 æg.kg-1). Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo D (n = 118) dexametasona (150 æg.kg-1) por via venosa na indução e grupo M (n = 119) metoclopramida (150 æg.kg-1) na indução. Foram analisadas as incidências de vômitos nas primeiras 4 horas de pós-operatório (PO), entre 4 horas e 24 horas de PO, o NNT de ambas as medicações utilizadas e a RRR da dexametasona em relação à metoclopramida. RESULTADOS: A incidência de vômitos foi 9,32 por cento no grupo D e 33,61 por cento no grupo M durante as primeiras 4 horas de PO e 1,69 por cento com a dexametasona e de 3,36 por cento com a metoclopramida entre 4 e 24 horas de PO. O RRR foi 72 por cento da dexametasona em relação à metoclopramida nas primeiras 4 horas. O NNT da dexametasona foi 3,25 e o da metoclopramida foi 15,66. CONCLUSÕES: A dexametasona reduz, de forma mais eficiente que a metoclopramida, a incidência de vômitos quando utilizada durante a indução de anestesia com sevoflurano associado ao óxido nitroso e fentanil.


Subject(s)
Male , Child , Humans , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Metoclopramide/therapeutic use , /prevention & control
6.
Rev Bras Anestesiol ; 55(4): 387-96, 2005 Aug.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19468627

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postoperative vomiting is a common and unpleasant complication. Currently, however, mathematical models, such as number necessary to treat (NNT) and relative risk reduction (RRR), have been useful in the decision of which medication to use for prophylaxis. This study aimed at verifying whether dexamethasone, as compared to metoclopramide, decreases the incidence of vomiting when intravenously administered to children anesthetized with sevoflurane for ambulatory pediatric surgeries. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty seven male children, aged 11 months to 12 years, physical status ASA I and II, undergoing hernia repair were included in this study. They were premedicated with oral midazolam. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, and 1 microg kg(-1) fentanyl. Patients were divided in two groups: group D patients (n = 118) were given 150 microg kg(-1) dexamethasone at induction while group M (n = 119) received 150 microg kg(-1) metoclopramide at induction. The following parameters were evaluated: incidence of vomiting in the first 4 postoperative hours (PO), incidence of vomiting between 4 and 24 PO hours, NNT of both medications and RRR of dexamethasone as compared to metoclopramide. RESULTS: The incidence of vomiting was 9.32% for group D and 33.61% for group M during the first 4 PO hours, and 1.69% with dexamethasone and 3.36% with metoclopramide between 4 and 24 PO hours. RRR of dexamethasone related to metoclopramide in the first 4 hours was 72%. The number necessary to treat (NNT) for dexamethasone was 3.25 and for metoclopramide it was 15.66. CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone is more effective than metoclopramide in decreasing the incidence of vomiting when used during anesthetic induction with sevoflurane associated to nitrous oxide and fentanyl.

7.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 53(2): 209-213, mar.-abr. 2003.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-351776

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Anestesias condutivas peridurais säo realizadas amplamente no nosso meio. A anestesia subdural acidental após punçäo peridural é uma complicaçäo rara. O objetivo deste relato é descrever dois casos de injeçäo subdural que coincidentemente ocorreram de forma consecutiva realizadas pelo mesmo anestesiologista. RELATO DOS CASOS: Caso 1: Paciente do sexo masculino, 41 anos, estado físico ASA I, a realizar procedimento cirúrgico de retirada de cálculo renal. Optou-se por anestesia peridural. Após 30 minutos do início da anestesia, o paciente mantinha-se comunicativo mas sonolento com SpO2 de 100 por cento, quando lentamente começou a apresentar diminuiçäo da SpO2 chegando a 80 por cento. Apresentava-se inconsciente com apnéia e anisocoria. A partir deste momento foi levantada hipótese diagnóstica de anestesia subdural acidental. O paciente foi entäo intubado e mantido em ventilaçäo controlada mecânica. Terminada a cirurgia, foi encaminhado para a sala de recuperaçäo, recebendo alta após 6 horas, sem nenhuma alteraçäo clínico-neurológica. Caso 2: Paciente do sexo feminino, 82 anos, estado físico ASA II, programado para procedimento cirúrgico de fixaçäo de fratura transtrocanteriana. Optou-se por anestesia peridural contínua. Assim como no caso anterior, após 30 minutos, a paciente começou a apresentar diminuiçäo da SpO2 para 90 por cento. Mostrava-se inconsciente e com anisocoria; entretanto, sem apnéia. Optou-se por manter a paciente sob vigilância constante, näo sendo necessária intubaçäo. A hipótese diagnóstica aventada também neste caso foi de anestesia subdural acidental. Terminada a cirurgia, a paciente foi encaminhada à sala de recuperaçäo pós-anestésica, tendo alta após 4 horas, sem nenhuma alteraçäo clínico-neurológica. CONCLUSÖES: Anestesia subdural acidental é uma complicaçäo extremamente rara. A hipótese diagnóstica de anestesia subdural acidental, nestes casos, limitou-se aos dados clínicos. As complicaçöes do bloqueio subdural podem ser das mais variadas, mas na sua grande maioria säo de fácil resoluçäo, desde que sejam diagnosticadas e tratadas rapidamente


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Injections, Epidural/instrumentation , Kidney Calculi/surgery , Fracture Fixation/instrumentation , Anesthesia, Epidural/instrumentation
8.
Rev Bras Anestesiol ; 53(2): 209-13, 2003 Apr.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19475273

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidural anesthesia is a widely used procedure nowadays. Accidental subdural anesthesia after epidural puncture is an uncommon complication. This report aimed at describing two cases of subdural injection which coincidentally have happened in consecutive anesthesias induced by the same anesthesiologist. CASE REPORTS: Case 1: Male patient, 41 years old, physical status ASA I, submitted to surgical ureteral calculi removal. Our choice was epidural anesthesia. Thirty minutes after beginning of induction, patient was communicative but sleepy with 100% SpO2, when he slowly began to show oxygen saturation decrease reaching 80% SpO2. Patient was unconscious with apnea and anisocoria. At this moment the diagnostic hypothesis was accidental subdural anesthesia. Patient was then intubated and maintained under mechanically controlled ventilation. After surgery, patient was referred to the recovery room and was discharged 6 hours after without any neurological complications. Case 2: Female patient, 82 years old, physical status ASA II, submitted to surgical proximal femur fracture fixation. Our choice in this case was continuous epidural anesthesia. Similar to the previous case, 30 minutes after she began to show SpO2 decrease, reaching 90%. Patient was uncons- cious with anisocoria, however without apnea. We decided to maintain the patient under constant surveillance and intubation was considered unnecessary. Our diagnostic hypothesis in this case was also accidental subdural anesthesia. At surgery completion patient was referred to the recovery room and was discharged 4 hours after without any neurological complication. CONCLUSIONS: Accidental subdural anesthesia is a very uncommon complication. The diagnostic hypothesis, in our cases, was limited to clinical data. There are several subdural blockade complications, but most of the times they are easily managed, provided they are promptly diagnosed and treated.

9.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 52(6): 681-688, nov.-dez. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-330699

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos - São diversos os fármacos empregados e diversas as vias de abordagem da região peribulbar. Nosso objetivo foi investigar, a qualidade do bloqueio oftálmico periconal, através de dois pontos de punção, utilizando ropivacaína em diferentes concentrações, sem adição de hialuronidase. Método - Foram estudados 50 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia oftalmológica, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: R1 (Ropivacaína a 1 por cento) e R0,75 (Ropivacaína a 0,75 por cento). O volume de anestésico local injetado foi ajustado conforme a tolerância e distensibilidade do espaço periconal no pont infraorbitário e, se necessário, um volume adicional de até 3 ml no compartimento periconal medial da órbita. Escores de motilidade foram atribuídos a cada músculo reto. Foi avaliado também o grau de bloqueio motor dos músculos elevador da pálpebra superior e orbicular ocular. Os dados foram avaliados nos seguintes momentos: M0 = imediatamente antes de realizar o bloqueio; M5 = 5 minutos após o bloqueio; M10 = 10 minutos após o bloqueio; e M15 = 15 minutos após o bloqueio. Resultados - Dois pacientes do grupo R1 e oito pacientes no grupo R0,75 necessitaram complementação, sendo esta diferença significativa. Em 72 por cento dos casos, em ambos os grupos, foram realizadas somente as duas punções iniciais. O volume total de anestésico e o volume empregado na primeira punção foram respectivamente, no grupo R1: 9,72 ñ 2,38 ml e 6,96 ñ 0,97 ml e no grupo R0,75: 12,64 ñ 5,10 ml e 7,36 ñ 1,07 ml, apresentando também diferença significativa. Houve diferença significativa dos escores de motricidade nos momentos M10 (R1 = 1,6; R0,75 = 3,8) e M15 (R1 = 1,04; R0,75 = 2,8). Conclusões - Concluímos que a ropivacaína a 1 por cento mostrou-se mais eficiente do que a ropivacaína a 0,75 quando utilizadas sem hialuronidase para realização de bloqueios oftálmicos periconais pelas técnicas apresentadas. Houve uma tendência a um menor número de punções com a ropivacaína a 1 por cento, e um número significativamente menor de pacientes necessitou de complementação neste mesmo grupo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Amides , Anesthesia, Local , Cataract Extraction , Eye Movements , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures , Monitoring, Physiologic
10.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 52(3): 330-334, jun. 2002.
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-316862

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos ð Meningite é uma complicaçäo grave em anestesia regional, embora rara de ocorrer. O objetivo deste retalo é mostrar um caso de uma paciente que evoluiu com meningite após realizaçäo de analgesia de parto pela técnica combinada (raquiðperidural) com dupla punçäo. Relato de caso - Paciente com 25 anos, segunda gestaçäo e cesariana anterior, em trabalho de parto. Foi realizada analgesia de parto pela técnica combinada (raquiðperidural) com dupla punçäo. Após 24 horas apresentou cefaléia em repouso, picos de hipertermia, calafrios discretos, que regrediram com medicaçäo sintomática. No 5º dia a cefaléia piorou. No 10º dia surgiram vômitos e dor na nuca. No 13º dia os sintomas tornaramðse mais intensos. Foi realizada punçäo lombar. A história clínica e o exame do líquor foram compatíveis com meningite bacteriana. Conclusões - A técnica combinada (raquiðperidural) para analgesia do parto está próxima do ideal. Cuidados com a técnica de antiðsepsia säo necessários para realizaçäo de bloqueios espinhais. A complicaçäo apresentada ocorreu sem a aparente falha na realizaçäo da técnica, sendo uma questäo que é inerente ao risco ð benefício que a técnica proporciona


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Analgesia, Obstetrical , Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Epidural , Anesthesia, Spinal , Headache/etiology , Meningitis, Bacterial , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Spinal Puncture/adverse effects
11.
Rev Bras Anestesiol ; 52(6): 681-8, 2002 Nov.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19475239

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several drugs and methods are used for peribulbar blockade. Our objective was to investigate the quality of ophthalmic periconal blockade by the double puncture technique, with different ropivacaine concentrations and without hyaluronidase. METHODS: Participated in this study fifty patients submitted to ophthalmologic surgery, who were randomly allocated in two groups: R1 (1% Ropivacaine) and R0.75 (0.75% Ropivacaine). Local anesthetic volume was adjusted according to the tole- rance and elasticity of the periconal space at the infraorbital site and, when necessary, not more than 3 ml were used at the medial canthus site. Motor function scores were attributed to each rectus muscle. Motor block of the levator palpebrae superioris and orbicularis muscles was also evaluated. Data were evaluated in the following moments: M0 = immediately before blockade; M5 = 5 minutes after blockade; M 10= 10 minutes after blockade; and M15 = 15 minutes after blockade. RESULTS: Two R1 patients and eight R0.75 patients needed complementation and this difference was significant. In 72% of cases only 2 initial punctures were performed in both groups. Total anesthetic volume and first puncture volume were, respectively, for R1: 9.72 +/- 2.38 ml and 6.96 +/- 0.97 ml; and for R0.75: 12.64 +/- 5.10 ml and 7.36 +/- 1.07 ml, also with significant differences. There were significant motor function score differences in moments M10 (R1 = 1.6; R0.75 = 3.8) and M15 (R1 = 1.04; R0.75 = 2.8). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that 1% ropivacaine is more effective than 0.75% ropivacaine when no hyaluronidase is used to perform ophthalmic periconal blockade by the double puncture technique. There was a trend to less punctures with 1% ropivacaine and a significantly lower number of patients needed complementation in this same group.

12.
Rev Bras Anestesiol ; 52(3): 330-4, 2002 Jun.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19479096

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Meningitis is a serious complication, although rare in regional anesthesia. This report aimed at presenting a case which evolved to meningitis after combined labor spinal-epidural analgesia. CASE REPORT: Laboring patient, 25 years old, second gestation and previous c-section. Combined labor spinal-epidural analgesia was induced with double-puncture. Twenty-four hours later she presented with headache at rest, fever and mild chills, which regressed with symptomatic medication. Headache worsened in the 5th day. There were vomiting and neck pain in the 10th day. Symptoms became more severe in the 13th day. Lumbar puncture was performed. Clinical history and CSF analysis were compatible with bacterial meningitis. CONCLUSIONS: Combined labor spinal-epidural analgesia is very close to being the ideal technique. Care must be taken with the sterile technique to induce spinal blockade. The reported complication has occurred without an apparent technique failure and is inherent to techniques risk-benefit ratio.

13.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 49(5): 299-303, set.-out. 1999. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-277505

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos: a cirurgia videolaparoscópica tem ganho a preferência de inúmeros cirurgiöes e também de seus pacientes, principalmente devido a sua menor agressäo cirúrgica e recuperaçäo mais rápida. O sevoflurano, que apresenta boa estabilidade cardiovascular, possui características farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas as quais têm levado muitos anestesiologistas a preferi-lo em cirurgias ambulatoriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o sevoflurano como mais uma opçäo anestésica em cirurgia videolaparoscópica. Método: participaram do estudo 32 pacientes com idade entre 20 e 61 anos, estado físico ASA I e II, que se submeteram a cirurgia por videolaparoscopia sob anestesia geral com sevoflurano. Foram analisados a frequênica cardíaca (FC), a pressäo arterial média (PAM), a fraçäo expirada do sevoflurano e a incidência de disritmias no per-operatório. Também foram analisados o tempo de emergência e a incidência de náuseas e vômitos na sala de recuperaçäo pós-anestésica. Resultados: houve diminuiçäo da FC e PAM após a induçäo, sendo que a FC manteve-se cinco minutos após a interrupçäo do sevoflurano. A PAM após a insuflaçäo do pneumoperitônio elevou-se atingindo níveis pouco abaixo dos da pré-induçäo. A concentraçäo expirada do sevoflurano foi de 2,3 por cento aos dez minutos após a insuflaçäo do pneumoperitônio, sendo que 10 minutos antes da desinsuflaçäo seu valor era 2,1 por cento. Dois pacientes apresentaram estrassístoles no per-operatório näo necessitando de tratamento. O tempo médio para despertar foi 11,7 minutos. A incidência de náuseas e vômitos na sala de recuperaçäo pós-anestésica foi de 9,37 por cento e 3,12 por cento respectivamente. Conclusös: o sevoflurano mostrou-se eficaz quando utilizado como principal anestésico em cirurgias videolparoscópicas. Destacamos a estabilidade da frequência cardíaca associados a um despertar precoce e baixa incidência de efeitos colaterais no per e pós-operatório imediato


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage , Anesthesia , Laparoscopy
14.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 49(3): 179-89, maio-jun. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-277486

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos: atualmente tem sido comum a avaliaçäo de pacientes em Clínicas de Anestesiologia. O impacto desta nova rotina sobre as preocupaçöes e percepçöes dos pacientes é desconhecido. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar esses aspectos em pacientes avaliados em nossa clínica. Método: pacientes com idade superior a 10 anos, em consulta pré-anestésica, receberam um questionário para preencher e retorná-lo ao anestesiologista no dia da cirurgia. Fizeram parte do questionário perguntas sobre: cirurgias prévias, anestesias anteriores, preferência pelo tipo de anestesia, escolha do anestesiologista, papel do anestesiologista, medos e preocupaçöes. Resultados: a preocupaçäo mais frequente foi, em ambos os sexos, medo do desconhecido. Em seguida, o item mais observado foi nenhuma preocupaçäo nos homens e sequelas nas mulheres. O papel do anestesiologista mais citado em ambos os sexos foi cuidar/informar/avaliar o paciente, seguido de tirar a dor no sexo masculino e monitorizar sinais vitais no sexo feminino. Conclusöes: essas informaçöes regionais, abrangendo populaçöes específicas, que provavelmente sofrem influências como meios de comunicaçäo, meio cultural, experiências prévias ou mesmo influência local exercida por nossa especialidade, devem ser utilizads para agilizar a entrevista pré-anestésica de forma eletiva, estabelecer uma boa relaçäo médico-paciente e desenvolver áreas de educaçäo e divulgaçäo para pacientes e populaçäo em geral


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures , Anesthesia , Preoperative Care/psychology , Fear , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sex Factors
16.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 46(6): 415-22, nov.-dez. 1996. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-189070

ABSTRACT

É prática comum em anestesiologia a administraçäo de glicose em cirurgias. Glicemias acima de 200 mg.dlúû estäo associadas a sequelas neurológicas após isquemia cerebral. O presente estudo visa avaliar o risco neurológico quando se utiliza soluçäo glicosada a 5 por cento no início da fluidoterapia per-operatória. Método - Trinta pacientes adultos foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos. Grupo 1 (n = 15) recebeu somente soluçäo de Ringer com lactato, enquanto que o Grupo 2 (n + 15) recebeu inicialmente 500 ml de soluçäo glicosada a 5 por cento, seguido de soluçäo de Ringer com lactato na fluidoterapia per-operatória. A velocidade de infusäo foi de 8 ml.Kgúû.húû. A técnica de anestesia geral foi padronizada. As coletas venosas foram realizadas imediatamente antes do início da hidrataçäo, 30 e 60 min após a incisäo cirúrgica. Resultados - As últimas duas mediçöes da glicemia no Grupo 2 foram significativamente mais elevadas quando comparados às respectivas glicemias no Grupo 1 (p<0,01). No grupo 1, 13 por cento dos pacinetes apresentaram hiperglicemia e nenhum apresentou glicemia acima de 200 mg.dlúû. No Grupo 2, todos os pacientes apresentaram hiperglicemia e 33 por cento dos pacientes tiveram glicemias acima de 200 mg.dlúû. Näo foi detectada hipoglicemia neste estudo. Conclusöes - Como conclusäo, pode ser sugerido que 33 por cento dos pacientes que receberam soluçäo glicosada a 5 por cento poderiam apresentar um maior risco de sequelas neurológicas na vigência de algum evento isquêmico ou hipóxito cerebral (e.g., hipotensäo severa, desconexäo acidental de O2) e que a hipoglicemia näo deve ser uma preocupaçäo nestes pacientes


Subject(s)
General Surgery , Glucose/administration & dosage , Solutions
17.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 44(5): 309-14, set.-out. 1994. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-166645

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of aminophylline in antagonizing midazolam-induced sedation was evaluated in a double-blind study involving 60 patients scheduled for epidural anesthesia. Premedication consisted of sublingual flunitrazepam 2mg. Intraoperative sedation was achieved with intermitent intravenous bolus of midazolam 1mg. At the end of the surgery patients received either aminophyline 2mg/Kg (Group A), flumazenil 0.01mg/Kg (Group F) or placebo 0.1 ML/Kg (Group P) intravenously. Central nervous system functions were evaluated according to the degree of sedation, orientation, and cooperation presented. At the end of the surgery sedation was such that no patient was "completely awake". Fifteen minutes after the "antagonist" drug was administered, 35 percent of the patients in Group A, 100 percent in Group F, and 0 percent in Group P were "completely awake". Regarding orientation, 5 percent vs 55 percent in Group A, 0 percent vs 100 percent in Group F and 10 percent vs - 15 percent in Group P were "completely oriented" before vs after the drugs. Regarding cooperation, 5 percent vs 70 percent in Group A, 5 percent vs 100 percent in Group F, and 15 percent vs 15 percent in Group P were "completely cooperative" before vs after drugs. It is suggested that aminophylline can be used for reversal of midazolam action, although it is less effective than flumazenil


Subject(s)
Aminophylline/administration & dosage , Flumazenil/administration & dosage , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Anti-Anxiety Agents/administration & dosage , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage
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