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1.
Parasitol Int ; 76: 102099, 2020 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32169659

ABSTRACT

The repeated usage of chemical insecticides, responsible for insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and environmental toxicity. Currently effective and environmental-safe control strategies are needed for the control disease-vector mosquitoes. Entomopathogens can be an effective alternative to chemical insecticide. Herein we isolated and tested 46 soil-borne entomopathogenic fungi belonging to six genera, namely Beauveria sp., Metarhizium sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp., and Verticillium sp., fungi conidia were tested on Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Bioassays results show that M. anisopliae fungal isolate causes a 100%, 98.6% and 92% mortality within six days, on Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus, respectively. M. anisopliae treated three mosquito larvae have lower lifetime with LT50 values in A. stephensi, 2.931 days; A. aegypti, 2.676 days and C. quinquefasciatus, 3.254 days. 18 s rDNA sequence analysis confirmed that the isolated fungus are belonging to the genus of M. anisopliae-VKKH3, B. bassiana-VKBb03, and V. lecanii-VKPH1. Our results clearly show that M. anisopliae has good potential, as a low-cost, environmentally safe tool for the control of A. aegypti, A. stephensi, and C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.


Subject(s)
Aedes , Anopheles , Biological Control Agents , Culex , Fungi/chemistry , Mosquito Control , Mosquito Vectors , Aedes/growth & development , Animals , Anopheles/growth & development , Culex/growth & development , Fungi/isolation & purification , Larva/growth & development , Mosquito Vectors/growth & development
2.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 6184, 2019 Apr 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30971713

ABSTRACT

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

3.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 17857, 2018 12 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30552358

ABSTRACT

Repellents are a main tool to prevent the outbreak of mosquito-borne diseases that represents a threat for millions of people worldwide. Plant-based products are very promising, low-toxic and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic repellents. Here, we performed an olfactory screening of the essential oils (EOs) of Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte (Asteraceae), Lavandula dentata L. (Lamiaceae), and Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) for their possible use as ingredients in topical repellents. The EOs smell profiles were then matched with their repellence against the mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera Culicidae). To obtain a more complete bioactivity description, we also tested the EOs oviposition deterrence and the larvicidal activity. The best smell profile was associated with A. verlotiorum EO, while R. chalepensis EO showed the lowest overall pleasantness. All the EOs had a significant activity as skin repellent against Ae. albopictus, deterred the oviposition in the field, and exerted a clear larvicidal activity. Beside the best smell profile, A. verlotiorum EO showed also the longest lasting repellent effect, assuring the complete protection of the treated skin against Ae. albopictus for a time 60% longer than the synthetic repellent DEET.


Subject(s)
Aedes/drug effects , Artemisia/chemistry , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Insect Repellents/pharmacology , Lavandula/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Rutaceae/chemistry , Animals , Insect Repellents/isolation & purification , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Oviposition/drug effects , Survival Analysis
4.
Bioresour Technol ; 104: 509-17, 2012 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22154749

ABSTRACT

The production of a compost from olive wet husks is described. The process is enhanced through the use of starters prepared with virgin husks enriched with selected microbial cultures. This approach, with respect to composting without the use of starters, allows to achieve faster start of the process (10 vs. 45 days), deeper humification (humification rate 19.2 vs. 12.2), shorter maturation time (2 vs. 4-5 months) and better detoxification of the starting material. Furthermore, the compost produced can effectively substitute for turf as a cultivation substrate in horticulture at greenhouse level, with beneficial effects on nutraceutical traits of tomato fruits.


Subject(s)
Olea/chemistry , Olea/microbiology , Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry , Plant Components, Aerial/microbiology , Soil Microbiology , Soil/chemistry , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology , Wettability
5.
Can J Microbiol ; 46(3): 259-68, 2000 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10749539

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas spp. isolates from Tuber borchii ascocarps, known to be able to produce phytoregulatory and biocontrol substances in pure culture, were used to perform studies on their possible physiological role in nature. Antimycotic activity was confirmed against fungal contaminants isolated from the ascocarps, suggesting that populations associated with Tuber borchii fruit bodies may play a role in the maintenance of ascocarp health. Fifty-five percent of strains tested were also able to release metabolites which affected T. borchii mycelial growth and morphogenesis in culture. On the contrary, growth of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor, putative competitors of Tuber for mycorrhizal infection sites on roots, was not influenced by the presence of any bacterial strain. The possibility that these bacteria, which show antifungal activity and fungal growth modulation activities, might be incorporated in the developing ascocarp by means of their preferential adhesion to Tuber mycelium is discussed.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota/growth & development , Bacterial Adhesion , Pest Control, Biological , Pseudomonas/growth & development , Ascomycota/ultrastructure , Culture Media , Pseudomonas/isolation & purification
7.
Ann Sci ; 52(2): 103-26, 1995 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11640048

ABSTRACT

Few accounts have survived detailing the techniques employed for the production of optical glass for astronomical and microscopical instruments during the seventeenth century in Italy; the period during which the art was being developed in the shops of Eustacho Divini and Giuseppe Campani, and other optical instrument-makers. Indeed, few of the tools of the lens-makers have been described in any detail, and few if any have survived. Consequently, the discovery of a hitherto apparently unknown Italian treatise, or what appears to have been notes for a shop manual of the period, is a contribution to present knowledge of lens-making technology even though the identity and region of the author remain unknown.


Subject(s)
Medical Laboratory Science/history , Microscopy/history , Optics and Photonics/history , Biomedical Engineering/history , Europe , History, 17th Century , Humans , Italy
9.
Technol Cult ; 25(3): 701-5, 1984 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11615964
10.
Ann Ist Mus Stor Sci Fir ; 9(1): 95-115, 1984.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11616578
11.
Appl Opt ; 5(5): 687-94, 1966 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20048929

ABSTRACT

With the invention of the telescope and the microscope early in the 17th century, the production of optical lenses became an important factor in the development of these instruments for scientific observation and investigation. In spite of improvements in equipment and techniques, the obstacles to the production of suitable lenses were not surmounted until the 18th century because of lack of knowledge of the optical properties of lenses, and the difficulties in producing glass of suitable clarity due to primitive grinding and polishing techniques. The early astronomical lenses were produced by means of the primitive equipment of the mirror makers and polishers of pietre dure in Murano and Venice. The first professional apparatus for lens grinding and polishing was developed by Ippolito Francini of Florence, and subsequently improved by Eustachio Divini and Carlo Antonio Manzini. A major advance in the equipment and techniques was made by Giuseppe Campani of Rome in the second half of the century. Other important contributions were made by Christiaan Huygens in Holland and John Marshall in England. Toward the end of the 17th century, craftsmen in England and France made great strides in the improvement of apparatus and techniques for lens grinding and polishing. In spite of them, however, optical workshop practice improved extremely slowly, and it remained virtually unchanged into the 19th century.

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