Diagnostic Utility of Selected Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-11, MMP-26), HE4, CA125 and ROMA Algorithm in Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) has an unfavorable prognosis. Due to the lack of effective screening tests, new diagnostic methods are being sought to detect OC earlier. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration and diagnostic utility of selected matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as OC markers in comparison with HE4, CA125 and the ROMA algorithm. The study group consisted of 120 patients with OC; the comparison group consisted of 70 patients with benign lesions and 50 healthy women. MMPs were determined via the ELISA method, HE4 and CA125 by CMIA. Patients with OC had elevated levels of MMP-3 and MMP-11, similar to HE4, CA125 and ROMA values. The highest SE, SP, NPV and PPV values were found for MMP-26, CA125 and ROMA in OC patients. Performing combined analyses of ROMA with selected MMPs increased the values of diagnostic parameters. The topmost diagnostic power of the test was obtained for MMP-26, CA125, HE4 and ROMA and performing combined analyses of MMPs and ROMA enhanced the diagnostic power of the test. The obtained results indicate that the tested MMPs do not show potential as stand-alone OC biomarkers, but can be considered as additional tests to raise the diagnostic utility of the ROMA algorithm.

Influence of narrowband ultraviolet-B phototherapy on plasma concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-12 in psoriatic patients.

INTRODUCTION: Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) may play an important role in the pathogenesis and spread of psoriatic disease. AIM: To investigate plasma levels of the selected enzyme in plaque psoriasis patients before and after the course of narrowband UVB (NBUVB) therapy with respect to disease advancement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cohort included 49 patients suffering from plaque psoriasis, divided into groups according to severity of the disease. The control group consisted of 40 healthy volunteers. Plasma levels of MMP-12 were determined using immunoenzyme assay (ELISA), while the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was used to define disease advancement. RESULTS: The results have shown a significantly decreased plasma level of MMP-12 in the total psoriasis patient group compared to healthy individuals, declining with the increase in disease advancement. The NBUVB therapy caused a decrease in the concentration of the analyzed enzyme, but this change was not statistically significant in the total group of psoriatic patients, while a significant change was detected in patients with a mild advancement of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased synthesis of MMP-12 may lead to the stimulation of the epidermal angiogenesis process, which results in the appearance and spread of psoriatic scales. Based on the obtained results, macrophage metalloelastase seems to be a negatively reacting plasma biomarker of the studied disease.

[The plasma level of sL-selectin, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in gynecological cancer patients]. / Stezenie sL-selektyny i mieloperoksydazy (MPO) oraz czynnika wzrostu kolonii granulocytarnych (G-CSF) w osoczu pacjentek z nowotworami macicy.

It is known that G-CSF not only stimulates the granulopoiesis but also regulates the functions of mature neutrophils. Indirect evidence of this might be the increase of the activity of granulocyte enzymes participating in phagocytosis and killing tumor cells. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate in the plasma of breast cancer patients the level of adhesion molecule--sL-selectin, as a measure of maturate granulocyte activity and MPO--enzyme of granulocyte, responsible for the cytotoxicity. Additionally we have investigated the plasma level of G-CSF which can increase in the cancers. We tested 17 patients with I stage endometrial cancer and 19 patients with I stage cervical cancer. Plasma samples were drawn before operation. The control group consisted of 20 healthy women. The plasma levels of sL-selectin, myeloperoxidase and G-CSF were measured using a sensitive sandwich ELISA system. In gynecological cancer patients sL-selectin concentration was decreased, but myeloperoxidase concentration increased in comparison to the control group. G-CSF level in group with endometrial cancer was similar to the control group, but in group with cervical cancer was significantly lower. These results suggest that ability of granulocyte binding to cancer cells is decreased but cytotoxicity is increased, at lack of stimulation by of G-CSF.

Comparative evaluation of plasma levels and diagnostic values of macrophage-colony stimulating factor in patients with breast cancer and benign tumors.

INTRODUCTION: Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is one of the glycoproteins called hematopoetic growth factors. The direct production of this cytokine has been reported in tumor cell lines in vitro and in solid tumors in vivo. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, the levels of M-CSF in patients with breast cancer and in those with a benign breast tumor were evaluated. Moreover, diagnostic values were determined through assessing diagnostic sensitivity and specificity as well as predictive value of positive (PV(+xe)) and negative (PV(-ve)) results. The results obtained were compared to the CA 15-3 and a control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group was made up of 70 patients with breast cancer and 20 patients with benign tumors and the control group of 30 healthy women. M-CSF was assayed using an ELISA method. CA 15-3 was measured by means of an immunoenzymatic method (MEIA) from ABBOT. RESULTS: Statistically higher levels of M-CSF and CA 15-3 were found in breast cancer patients as compared to the benign tumor and control groups. These levels were also significantly higher in patients with more advanced stages of cancer. A positive correlation between M-CSF and CA 15-3 levels was observed. The diagnostic sensitivity of M-CSF (58%), a specificity (93%), PV(+ve) (94%) and PV(-ve) (43%) were higher or equal to the values obtained for CA 15-3 (49%, 93%, 93% and 40%, respectively). When both parameters studied were determined jointly, sensitivity increased to 72%. CONCLUSIONS: The above data suggests that M-CSF might be useful in both diagnostics and differential diagnosis of benign tumors and breast cancer (except for the lowest degree of the clinical progression).

[The plasma levels and diagnostic utility of stem cell factor (SCF) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in cervical cancer patients]. / Ocena stezenia i przydatnosci diagnostycznej czynnika wzrostu komórek pnia (SCF) oraz czynnika stymulujacego kolonie makrofagowe (M-CSF) w osoczu chorych na raka szyjki macicy.

UNLABELLED: Stem cell factor (SCF) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) are members of a group of cytokines called hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs). Some clinical investigations have shown an autologous production of these cytokines in various human cell lines in vitro and by tumors in vivo, for example in uterine cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate the plasma levels of SCF and M-CSF in comparison for commonly accepted tumor markers, such as CA 125 and SCC-Ag in cervical cancer patients before surgery and in healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The plasma levels of cytokines were measured in 25 patients with cervical cancer and in 25 healthy subjects. SCF and M-CSF were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), CA 125 and SCC-Ag were measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). RESULTS: M-CSF plasma level was significantly higher, similarly as CA 125 and SCC-Ag, in cervical cancer patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of M-CSF was higher than SCF, CA 125 and SCC-Ag (25%, 30%, 40% respectively). The diagnostic specificity was high and equal for all tested cytokines and CA 125 (92%). Predictive value of positive results and predictive value of negative results were higher for all tested parameters, but was highest for M-CSF (83% and 69.7% respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that M-CSF, can be clinically useful in diagnostic of the uterine cervix cancer, but further investigation and confirmation by a prospective study is necessary.

[The plasma levels and diagnostic utility of stem cell factor and macrophage--colony stimulating factor in endometrial cancer patients]. / Ocena stezen i przydatnosci diagnostycznej czynnika wzrostu komórek pnia (SCF) oraz czynnika stymulujacego kolonie makrofagowe (M-CSF) w osoczu pacjentek z rakiem endometrium.

We have investigated the plasma levels of SCF and M-CSF and commonly accepted tumor markers, such as CA 125 and SCC-Ag in endometrial cancer patients. The plasma levels of cytokines were measured in 25 patients and in 25 healthy subjects. SCF and M-CSF were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CA 125 and SCC-Ag were measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). SCF and CA 125 plasma levels were significantly higher in endometrial cancer patients when compared to the control group. The diagnostic specificity was high and equal for all tested parameters, similarly to tested tumour markers. The diagnostic sensitivity was the highest when SCF, M-CSF and CA 125 or all parameters were combined. Positive and negative predictive values were so high for tested cytokines, as for compared markers. Our study suggests that both tested hematopoietic cytokines can be clinically useful in endometrial cancer diagnostics, but further investigation and confirmation in a prospective study is necessary.

[The plasma levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in breast cancer patients]. / Ocena stezen czynnika stymulujacego kolonie granulocytarne i granulocytarno-makrofagowe w osoczu chorych na raka piersi.

UNLABELLED: Granulocyte - colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage - colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) belong to hematopoetic growth factors (HGFs). Few clinical investigations have shown their autologous production both in vitro by human cell lines and in vivo by tumors. AIM OF THE STUDY: We have investigated the plasma levels of G-CSF GM-CSF and CA 15-3 in breast cancer patients before and after surgery, and before and after chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The plasma levels of cytokines were measured in 46 patients with breast cancer and in 30 healthy subjects. G-CSF and GM-CSF were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), CA 15-3 was measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). RESULTS: G-CSF and GM-CSF plasma levels were significantly higher in II stage breast cancer patients before surgery comparing to the control group. The plasma levels of tested cytokines were decreased after surgery, which suggested it's usefulness in evaluating breast cancer total resection. Both of tested cytokines after chemotherapy were increased, which suggested secretion from damaged breast cancer cells. Additionally we observed decreasing the plasma levels of cytokines, especially G-CSF in the 360th day after surgery. This latter result has prognostic function (no symptoms of cancer recurrence). In this study similar plasma levels of CA 15-3 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Tested cytokines, especially G-CSF, can be used in diagnostics and monitoring breast cancer therapy.