ABSTRACT
Sesbania grandiflora, commonly known as "sesbania" and "agathi," is widely used in Indian traditional medicine for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the possible protective effect of an aqueous suspension of S. grandiflora (ASSG) leaves against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage in rats. Adult Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for a period of 90 days and treated with ASSG (1,000 mg/kg of body weight/day, p.o) for a period of 3 weeks. The levels of protein carbonyl and activities of cytochrome P450, NADPH oxidase, and xanthine oxidase were significantly increased, whereas the levels of total thiol, protein thiol, non-protein thiol, nucleic acids, and tissue protein were significantly reduced in lung, liver, kidney, and heart of cigarette smoke-exposed rats as compared with control rats. Plasma nitric oxide levels, measured as nitrite plus nitrate, were significantly increased in cigarette smoke-exposed rats when compared to the control rats. The above changes were ameliorated to near control in the treatment group. These results suggest that supplementation with ASSG reversed the cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage in rats through its antioxidant potential. These results provide further support for the traditional use of S. grandiflora in the treatment of smoke-related diseases.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Fabaceae/chemistry , Nicotiana , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Smoke/adverse effects , Animals , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , DNA/analysis , Kidney/chemistry , Liver/chemistry , Lung/chemistry , Male , Myocardium/chemistry , NADPH Oxidases/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/blood , Plant Leaves/chemistry , RNA/analysis , Rats , Rats, Inbred WKY , Sulfhydryl Compounds/analysis , Xanthine Oxidase/metabolismABSTRACT
G. gynandra extract was found to potentially diminish the rate of lipid peroxidation, with a significant increase in the levels of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione vitamins E and C, and uric acid) antioxidants, which were found, altered during aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) injection. The result confirmed that G. gynandra extract exerts its chemopreventive efficacy by preventing the rate of lipid peroxidation and influenced the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in AFB1 induced male albino rats.
Subject(s)
Aflatoxin B1/toxicity , Antioxidants/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Glutathione/metabolism , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/metabolism , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
The modulation of glucose-metabolizing enzymes activities play a vital role in the depletion of energy metabolism and leads to inhibition of cancer growth. In the present study, the effect of Gynandropsis gynandra L. extract on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied on glucose-metabolizing enzymes in rats. A significant increase (p < 0.001) in the activities of the key glycolytic enzymes viz., hexokinase and phosphoglucoisomerase, with a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were observed in HCC-bearing rats, when compared with the control. Administration of G. gynandra extract caused a significant decrease in the activities of glycolytic enzymes and an increase in the gluconeogenic enzymes activities to near normal values. Thus, findings suggest the G. gynandra extract has a definite modulating role on the key enzymes of glucose metabolism in HCC. The modulatory effect may be due to the phytoactive constituents present in the extract of G. gynandra.
Subject(s)
Aflatoxin B1/toxicity , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology , Glucose/metabolism , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Animals , Fructose-Bisphosphatase/metabolism , Gluconeogenesis , Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism , Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/metabolism , Glycolysis , Hexokinase/metabolism , Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced , Liver Neoplasms/enzymology , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone was induced in rats using 0.75% of ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days. Ethylene glycol treated rats showed significant increase in the activities of oxalate synthesizing enzymes such as glycolic acid oxidase (GAO) in liver and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in liver and kidney. CaOx crystal deposition, as indicated by increased excretion of stone-forming constituents in urine, such as calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphorus and protein and decreased concentration of inhibitors, such as citrate and magnesium was observed in ethylene glycol induced urolithic rats. Histopathological studies also confirmed the deposition of CaOx crystals. Administration of Aerva lanata aqueous suspension (2g/kg body wt/dose/day for 28 days) to CaOx urolithic rats had reduced the oxalate synthesizing enzymes, diminished the markers of crystal deposition in the kidney. The results of the present study confirmed that A. lanata can be used as an curative agent for urolithiasis.
Subject(s)
Amaranthaceae/chemistry , Calcium Oxalate/metabolism , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Urolithiasis/drug therapy , Alcohol Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Analysis of Variance , Animals , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Urolithiasis/enzymology , Urolithiasis/metabolismABSTRACT
Antimicrobial activities were detected in the 80% ethanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera, Ficus glomerata, Leucas aspera, Thespesia populnea and Zizyphus jujube against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhi. The treatments resulted in the formation of various inhibitory zones, in contrast to the control where no inhibitory zone was observed.
