Synthesis, modifications, and applications of iron-based nanoparticles.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are appealing materials as assistant to resolve environmental pollution issues and as recyclable catalysts for the oxidative degradation of resistant contaminants. Moreover, they can significantly influence the advancement of medical applications for imaging, diagnostics, medication administration, and biosensing. On the other hand, due to unique features, excellent biocompatibility, high curie temperatures and low cytotoxicity of the Iron-based nanoparticles, they have received increasing attention in recent years. Using an external magnetic field, in which the ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) in the reaction mixtures can be easily removed, make them more efficient approach than the conventional method for separating the catalyst particles by centrifugation or filtration. Ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) provide various advantages in food processing, environmental issues, pharmaceutical industry, sample preparation, wastewater management, water purification, illness therapy, identification of disease, tissue engineering, and biosensor creation for healthcare monitoring. Modification of FMNPs with the proper functional groups and surface modification techniques play a significant role in boosting their capability. Due to flexibility of FMNPs in functionalization and synthesis, it is possible to make customized FMNPs that can be utilized in variety of applications. This review focuses on synthesis, modifications, and applications of Iron-based nanoparticles.

Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@Sal@Cu as a novel, efficient and heterogeneous catalyst and its application in the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes.

This research paper presents the synthesis and characterization of the magnetic nanoparticle, Fe3O4@Sal@Cu, [Fe3O4@Si-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-NH-CO-N=CH-(2-HO-C6H4-)@Cu] as a green and retrievable catalyst. This catalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, EDX and TGA analyses. In addition, the catalytic activity of this new catalyst was investigated for the synthesis of 2-amino 4H-chromenes by producing good-to-excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The other advantages of the developed nanocatalyst are its ecofriendliness, being easy to handle, high reusability and being magnetically separable. The synthesis of some new derivatives of 2-amino-4H-chromenes in the presence of this nanocatalyst is also reported.

Synthesis of Spiro1,4-Dihydropyridines: A Review.

The preparation of medicinally promising spiro1,4-dihydropyridines accompanied by their applications in biological and pharmaceutical activities is presented. Spiro1,4-dihydropyridines were synthesized using numerous reported methods including bronested acids such as p-TSA, AcOH, nano-ranged calix[4]arene tetracarboxylic acid, sulfamic acid, PEG-OSO3H, tetramethylguanidinium triflate; lewis acids including Zn(OTf)2, FeCl3, copper, alum, aluminosilicate nanoparticles, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, manganese ferrite nanoparticles, BF3OEt2; under alkaline conditions such as Et3N and piperidine; ionic liquids such as [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O] and [Bmim]PF6, [MIM(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4]; and other miscellaneous procedures, for example, microwave-assisted catalyst and solvent-free conditions, using iodine, PEG-400, and NaCl.

MgCl2 and its applications in organic chemistry and biochemistry: a review.

MgCl2 has been reported to be a versatile reagent especially as a Lewis acid catalyst in a variety of organic transformations including the preparation of heterocyclic compounds, the protection of functional groups and condensation reaction. Also the use of MgCl2 in the preparation of metallic magnesium and the application of magnesium chloride in biochemistry such as anesthetic for cephalopods, the separation of serum high-density lipoprotein, effect of MgCl2 on rabbit bronchial smooth muscle, antimicrobial properties of magnesium chloride and effect of MgCl2 on the quality of life for patients with fibromyalgia have been reported. Therefore, in this article the use of MgCl2 in organic chemistry and biochemistry is reviewed. MgCl2 has been reported to be a versatile reagent especially as a Lewis acid catalyst in a variety of organic transformations including the preparation of heterocyclic compounds, the protection of functional groups and condensation reaction. Also the use of MgCl2 in the preparation of metallic magnesium and the application of magnesium chloride in biochemistry such as anesthetic for cephalopods, the separation of serum high-density lipoprotein, effect of MgCl2 on rabbit bronchial smooth muscle, antimicrobial properties of magnesium chloride and effect of MgCl2 on the quality of life for patients with fibromyalgia have been reported. Therefore, in this article the use of MgCl2 in organic chemistry and biochemistry is reviewed.

Recent developments in the synthesis and applications of dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones and thiones.

Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones (DHPMs) are important heterocyclic compounds owing to their excellent biological activities and have been widely utilized in pharmaceutical applications. Recently, numerous DHPM derivatives have been prepared. This review covers the synthesis of DHPMs and improved procedures for the preparation of DHPMs from 1995 to 2016.

Fe(ClO4)3 x 6H2O: a mild and efficient catalyst for one-pot three component synthesis of beta-acetamido carbonyl compounds under solvent-free conditions.

A one-pot multi-component reaction for the synthesis of beta-acetamido carbonyl compounds is reported. The reaction uses a variety of aldehydes, acetophenone derivatives or methyl acetoacetate, acetonitrile, and acetyl chloride in the presence of ferric perchlorate, a mild, efficient and inexpensive catalyst effective under solvent free conditions.

A facile, mild and efficient one-pot synthesis of 2-substituted indole derivatives catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)2Cl2.

2-Phenylindoles were prepared by heteroannulation of 2-haloaniline derivatives and phenylacetylene under mild conditions in a one-pot reaction catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)2Cl2.