Cardiorespiratory dynamics of sedated pigs submitted to different inspired oxygen fractions under controlled mechanical ventilation

Background: Individuals submitted to situations of deep sedation have a marked decrease in their ventilatory capacity.The provision of adequate ventilation and oxygenation in critically ill patients submitted to sedation in intensive therapyhas been the subject of special care. In such cases, exposure to low inspired oxygen fractions (FIO2) is a factor that caninfl uence alveolar perfusion and respiratory performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of three inspiredoxygen fractions (80%, 60% or 40%) on the cardiorespiratory dynamics of pigs submitted to mechanical ventilation byintermittent positive pressure in deep sedation with propofol-remifentanil.Material, Methods & Results: Twenty crossbred pigs weighing between 17 and 25 kg and aged between 60 and 90 dayswere used. Each animal was submitted to deep sedation for 2h in randomly assigned FIO2 (80%, 60% or 40%). Scores suchas heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure, respirometry (PaO2, P(A-a)O2, PIP, Vmin), physiological dead space, pulmonaryshunt and blood gas analysis (pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3) were observed, evaluated and compared. Patients were evaluatedafter sedation was induced with propofol (12 mg.kg-1) and remifentanil (1 mcg.kg-1). To maintain the level of sedation weused propofol (an average of 18 mg.kg-1.h-1) and remifentanil (0.5 mcg.kg-1.min-1). Intubation was preceded after the onsetof sedation to mechanical ventilation - volume-cycled, intermittent positive pressure. Patients received a tidal volume of10 mL.kg-1 and an I:E ratio of 1:2, positive end-expiratory pressure of 4 cmH2O with three inspired oxygen fractions. Patients’ respiratory rate was adjusted so as to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure between 35 and 45 mmHg. Datawere subjected to analysis of variance for repeated measures followed by a Tukey test. Patients receiving a 40% oxygenconcentration showed an average heart rate higher than the others. Shunt levels...

Eletroestimulação na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas experimentais em coelhos / Electrical stimulation in experimental wound healing in rabbits

Feridas cutâneas crônicas e complicadas são frequentemente encontradas na rotina da medicina veterinária e, muitas vezes, transformam os tratamentos em verdadeiro desafio. A eletroterapia tem sido indicada como alternativa aos tratamentos convencionais, devido à sua capacidade de promover cicatrização. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um ensaio experimental utilizando a eletroestimulação (ES) na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em coelhos. Para tanto, foram utilizados 10 coelhos Nova Zelândia, machos, hígidos, submetidos à anestesia geral para a indução experimental de duas feridas cutâneas de 1cm² localizadas no dorso, caudal à borda das escápulas. As lesões foram higienizadas com solução salina 0,9%, sendo a do lado direito tratada por ES e a do lado esquerdo, como controle. Para ES utilizou-se a frequência de 60Hz, por 10 minutos a cada dois dias, sendo aplicadas quatro agulhas de acupuntura em pontos equidistantes ao redor da lesão, a 0,5cm da borda. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, de oito e de 15 dias, conforme o período de tratamento e avaliação macroscópica e histopatológica. Não houve diferença significativa no tempo de cicatrização das lesões tratadas com ES. Porém, apresentaram qualidade tecidual, tanto na avaliação macro quanto microscópica, superior às do grupo controle. Com isso, é possível indicar a ES como tratamento de feridas cutâneas, por ser uma técnica eficiente, de fácil aplicação e de relativo baixo custo.(AU)

Chronic skin wounds are frequently found in veterinary medicine routine and it becomes a challenge for clinicians. Sometimes the treatment routinely used end up failing. The electrotherapy has been indicated as an alternative to conventional treatments because of its ability to promote healing. The aim of this paper is to report an experimental study using electrical stimulation (ES) in wound healing in rabbits. It was evaluated 10 healthy New Zealand rabbits that were submitted to general anesthesia for resection of two wounds with 1cm² located in both sides of the back behind the scapula edge. It was determinate that the right wound would be treated by ES and the left would be used as a control, both cleaned with solution of NaCl 0,9%. The frequency used to ES was 60Hz for 10 minutes every two days, being applied by acupuncture needles in four equidistant points around the lesion, to 0.5cm from the edge. The animals were divided in one group of 15 days and another one of 8 days for treatment and macroscopic and histopathological evaluation. The results showed that the lesions treated by ES do not have significant difference in healing time. However, those treated had higher scarring macroscopic and microscopic quality than the control group. Therefore, it is possible to indicate the use of ES as a skin wounds treatment, whereas it was demonstrated to be an effective technique, easy to use and has relatively low cost.(AU)

Eletroestimulação na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas experimentais em coelhos / Electrical stimulation in experimental wound healing in rabbits

Feridas cutâneas crônicas e complicadas são frequentemente encontradas na rotina da medicina veterinária e, muitas vezes, transformam os tratamentos em verdadeiro desafio. A eletroterapia tem sido indicada como alternativa aos tratamentos convencionais, devido à sua capacidade de promover cicatrização. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um ensaio experimental utilizando a eletroestimulação (ES) na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em coelhos. Para tanto, foram utilizados 10 coelhos Nova Zelândia, machos, hígidos, submetidos à anestesia geral para a indução experimental de duas feridas cutâneas de 1cm² localizadas no dorso, caudal à borda das escápulas. As lesões foram higienizadas com solução salina 0,9%, sendo a do lado direito tratada por ES e a do lado esquerdo, como controle. Para ES utilizou-se a frequência de 60Hz, por 10 minutos a cada dois dias, sendo aplicadas quatro agulhas de acupuntura em pontos equidistantes ao redor da lesão, a 0,5cm da borda. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, de oito e de 15 dias, conforme o período de tratamento e avaliação macroscópica e histopatológica. Não houve diferença significativa no tempo de cicatrização das lesões tratadas com ES. Porém, apresentaram qualidade tecidual, tanto na avaliação macro quanto microscópica, superior às do grupo controle. Com isso, é possível indicar a ES como tratamento de feridas cutâneas, por ser uma técnica eficiente, de fácil aplicação e de relativo baixo custo.

Chronic skin wounds are frequently found in veterinary medicine routine and it becomes a challenge for clinicians. Sometimes the treatment routinely used end up failing. The electrotherapy has been indicated as an alternative to conventional treatments because of its ability to promote healing. The aim of this paper is to report an experimental study using electrical stimulation (ES) in wound healing in rabbits. It was evaluated 10 healthy New Zealand rabbits that were submitted to general anesthesia for resection of two wounds with 1cm² located in both sides of the back behind the scapula edge. It was determinate that the right wound would be treated by ES and the left would be used as a control, both cleaned with solution of NaCl 0,9%. The frequency used to ES was 60Hz for 10 minutes every two days, being applied by acupuncture needles in four equidistant points around the lesion, to 0.5cm from the edge. The animals were divided in one group of 15 days and another one of 8 days for treatment and macroscopic and histopathological evaluation. The results showed that the lesions treated by ES do not have significant difference in healing time. However, those treated had higher scarring macroscopic and microscopic quality than the control group. Therefore, it is possible to indicate the use of ES as a skin wounds treatment, whereas it was demonstrated to be an effective technique, easy to use and has relatively low cost.

Cardiorespiratory dynamics of sedated pigs submitted to different inspired oxygen fractions under controlled mechanical ventilation

Background: Individuals submitted to situations of deep sedation have a marked decrease in their ventilatory capacity.The provision of adequate ventilation and oxygenation in critically ill patients submitted to sedation in intensive therapyhas been the subject of special care. In such cases, exposure to low inspired oxygen fractions (FIO2) is a factor that caninfl uence alveolar perfusion and respiratory performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of three inspiredoxygen fractions (80%, 60% or 40%) on the cardiorespiratory dynamics of pigs submitted to mechanical ventilation byintermittent positive pressure in deep sedation with propofol-remifentanil.Material, Methods & Results: Twenty crossbred pigs weighing between 17 and 25 kg and aged between 60 and 90 dayswere used. Each animal was submitted to deep sedation for 2h in randomly assigned FIO2 (80%, 60% or 40%). Scores suchas heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure, respirometry (PaO2, P(A-a)O2, PIP, Vmin), physiological dead space, pulmonaryshunt and blood gas analysis (pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3) were observed, evaluated and compared. Patients were evaluatedafter sedation was induced with propofol (12 mg.kg-1) and remifentanil (1 mcg.kg-1). To maintain the level of sedation weused propofol (an average of 18 mg.kg-1.h-1) and remifentanil (0.5 mcg.kg-1.min-1). Intubation was preceded after the onsetof sedation to mechanical ventilation - volume-cycled, intermittent positive pressure. Patients received a tidal volume of10 mL.kg-1 and an I:E ratio of 1:2, positive end-expiratory pressure of 4 cmH2O with three inspired oxygen fractions. Patients respiratory rate was adjusted so as to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure between 35 and 45 mmHg. Datawere subjected to analysis of variance for repeated measures followed by a Tukey test. Patients receiving a 40% oxygenconcentration showed an average heart rate higher than the others. Shunt levels...(AU)

Bases anatômicas e neurofisiológicas da analgesia por acupuntura / Anatomical and neurophysiological bases of acupunture analgesia

Desde a antiguidade remota chinesa, a acupuntura, método que utiliza a inserção de agulhas no corpo para o tratamento de desequilíbrios e doenças, vem se constituindo num recurso terapêutico extremamente eficaz. A acupuntura pode conseguir efeitos analgésicos importantes em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias. Esta técnica tem sido proposta com várias finalidades no período peri-operatório: sedação pré-operatória, redução do uso intra-operatório de opióides e diminuição da dor pós-operatória. Os estudos sobre esta temática têm permitido, além de uma compreensão maior dos mecanismos de ação da acupuntura, fazer com que esta se torne mais aceitável nos meios acadêmicos ocidentais. Essa terapia apresenta bons resultados diante de muitas enfermidades e possui vantagens acentuadas sobre outras, como, por exemplo, o fato de os instrumentos utilizados serem simples e de fácil domínio, de ser econômica e segura. Dessa forma, esse estudo tem como objetivo mostrar, do ponto de vista teórico, a partir de uma revisão dos mecanismos de percepção da dor; a eficácia terapêutica da acupuntura no tratamento da dor, condizente com os mecanismos neurohumorais desta técnica(AU)

Since chinese remote antiquity, the acupuncture, a method that uses the insertion of needles into the body to treat this imbalance, is becoming an extremely effective therapeutic use. Scientific works show that acupuncture could achieve significant analgesic effects in patients undergoing surgery.This technique has been proposed with different purposes in the peri-operative period: preoperative sedation, reduction of intra-operative use of opioids and decreased postoperative pain. These studies have allowed a greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, to ensure that it becomes more acceptable in western academic circles. This therapy gives good results in front of many diseases and has marked advantages over others, for example, the instruments used are simple and easy to field, economic and safe. Thus, this study aims to show, from the theoretical point of view, by a review of the mechanisms of perception of pain, the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of pain, consistent with the neurohumoral mechanisms of this technique(AU)

Bases anatômicas e neurofisiológicas da analgesia por acupuntura / Anatomical and neurophysiological bases of acupunture analgesia

Desde a antiguidade remota chinesa, a acupuntura, método que utiliza a inserção de agulhas no corpo para o tratamento de desequilíbrios e doenças, vem se constituindo num recurso terapêutico extremamente eficaz. A acupuntura pode conseguir efeitos analgésicos importantes em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias. Esta técnica tem sido proposta com várias finalidades no período peri-operatório: sedação pré-operatória, redução do uso intra-operatório de opióides e diminuição da dor pós-operatória. Os estudos sobre esta temática têm permitido, além de uma compreensão maior dos mecanismos de ação da acupuntura, fazer com que esta se torne mais aceitável nos meios acadêmicos ocidentais. Essa terapia apresenta bons resultados diante de muitas enfermidades e possui vantagens acentuadas sobre outras, como, por exemplo, o fato de os instrumentos utilizados serem simples e de fácil domínio, de ser econômica e segura. Dessa forma, esse estudo tem como objetivo mostrar, do ponto de vista teórico, a partir de uma revisão dos mecanismos de percepção da dor; a eficácia terapêutica da acupuntura no tratamento da dor, condizente com os mecanismos neurohumorais desta técnica

Since chinese remote antiquity, the acupuncture, a method that uses the insertion of needles into the body to treat this imbalance, is becoming an extremely effective therapeutic use. Scientific works show that acupuncture could achieve significant analgesic effects in patients undergoing surgery.This technique has been proposed with different purposes in the peri-operative period: preoperative sedation, reduction of intra-operative use of opioids and decreased postoperative pain. These studies have allowed a greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, to ensure that it becomes more acceptable in western academic circles. This therapy gives good results in front of many diseases and has marked advantages over others, for example, the instruments used are simple and easy to field, economic and safe. Thus, this study aims to show, from the theoretical point of view, by a review of the mechanisms of perception of pain, the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of pain, consistent with the neurohumoral mechanisms of this technique

Associação da acupuntura e aglepristone no tratamento de hiperplasia mamária em gata / Association of acupuncture and aglepristone in treatment of mammary hyperplasia in cat

Backgroun d: Feline mammary hyperplasia is a nonneoplastic condition characterized by a rapid hypertrophy and hyperplasia of stroma and ductal epithelium of mammary glands due to hormonal stimuli. This condition is frequently seen in young female cats and is associated with an increase in serum endogenous progesterone or application of exogenous progestogen used as contraceptive. The present study aimed to describe a case of feline mammary hyperplasia treated with the association of aglepristone and acupuncture. Case : A female cat was attended at Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul presenting a history of increasing mammary volume after a single progestogen injection. The contraceptive administration was made by the patient owner due to signs of her first estrus and starting mammary development after this application four days ago. The patient had a generalized increase in breast, with solid consistence and high temperature. The ovariectomy was performed through the flank and, 24 days after surgery, had not been seen any mammary reduction, it was decided to aglepristone administration at 10 mg/kg subcutaneously, once a day, for three consecutive days. Acupuncture was performed once or twice a week, stimulating the acupuncture points Yintang, SP6, ST36, ST40, GV14, GV20, GV24, LIV2, LIV3, LIV13, LIV14, CV4, CV8, CV10, CV17, BL23 and LI4, that have, among other indications, analgesic, anti- inflammatory, soothing and immune stimulant actions. Tissue involution had began after antiprogestin applications and some acupuncture sessions. However, there was formation of an abscess in breast that prevents further tissue remission and was only detected after fistulation, delaying patient recovery. After abscess content drainage there was a significant mammary volume reduction and restoration of breast normal size occurred in seven days. Discussion : The patient had received one exogenous progestogen injection and was presenting generalized mammary in - crease, symmetrically and bilaterally, with solid consistence and high temperature, allowing the achievement of a diagnosis based on history and clinical signs. The patient was treated surgically by ovariectomy performed through the flank due to the oversized mammary glands, removing endogenous source of progesterone and preventing the recurrence of disease, as recommended by several authors. Aglepristone, that acts by blocking progesterone receptors, was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg as recommended by manufacturer and aimed to accelerate mammary volume reduction. This antiprogestin has been indicated by literature when surgical treatment is not effective. During aglepristone action the patient was sub - mitted to acupuncture sessions with intention of accelerate mammary tissue regression and healing process and improve her immunity. Among several indications of acupuncture, it is reported the promotion of analgesia, immune modulation and activation of regenerative processes, which occur due to release of chemicals and neuropeptides as a result of nervous system stimulation. The association of aglepristone with acupuncture was effective in mammary hyperplasia treatment because, despite an abscess formation at the site, there was a rapid mammary involution after drainage of purulent content.(AU)

Associação da acupuntura e aglepristone no tratamento de hiperplasia mamária em gata / Association of acupuncture and aglepristone in treatment of mammary hyperplasia in cat

Backgroun d: Feline mammary hyperplasia is a nonneoplastic condition characterized by a rapid hypertrophy and hyperplasia of stroma and ductal epithelium of mammary glands due to hormonal stimuli. This condition is frequently seen in young female cats and is associated with an increase in serum endogenous progesterone or application of exogenous progestogen used as contraceptive. The present study aimed to describe a case of feline mammary hyperplasia treated with the association of aglepristone and acupuncture. Case : A female cat was attended at Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul presenting a history of increasing mammary volume after a single progestogen injection. The contraceptive administration was made by the patient owner due to signs of her first estrus and starting mammary development after this application four days ago. The patient had a generalized increase in breast, with solid consistence and high temperature. The ovariectomy was performed through the flank and, 24 days after surgery, had not been seen any mammary reduction, it was decided to aglepristone administration at 10 mg/kg subcutaneously, once a day, for three consecutive days. Acupuncture was performed once or twice a week, stimulating the acupuncture points Yintang, SP6, ST36, ST40, GV14, GV20, GV24, LIV2, LIV3, LIV13, LIV14, CV4, CV8, CV10, CV17, BL23 and LI4, that have, among other indications, analgesic, anti- inflammatory, soothing and immune stimulant actions. Tissue involution had began after antiprogestin applications and some acupuncture sessions. However, there was formation of an abscess in breast that prevents further tissue remission and was only detected after fistulation, delaying patient recovery. After abscess content drainage there was a significant mammary volume reduction and restoration of breast normal size occurred in seven days. Discussion : The patient had received one exogenous progestogen injection and was presenting generalized mammary in - crease, symmetrically and bilaterally, with solid consistence and high temperature, allowing the achievement of a diagnosis based on history and clinical signs. The patient was treated surgically by ovariectomy performed through the flank due to the oversized mammary glands, removing endogenous source of progesterone and preventing the recurrence of disease, as recommended by several authors. Aglepristone, that acts by blocking progesterone receptors, was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg as recommended by manufacturer and aimed to accelerate mammary volume reduction. This antiprogestin has been indicated by literature when surgical treatment is not effective. During aglepristone action the patient was sub - mitted to acupuncture sessions with intention of accelerate mammary tissue regression and healing process and improve her immunity. Among several indications of acupuncture, it is reported the promotion of analgesia, immune modulation and activation of regenerative processes, which occur due to release of chemicals and neuropeptides as a result of nervous system stimulation. The association of aglepristone with acupuncture was effective in mammary hyperplasia treatment because, despite an abscess formation at the site, there was a rapid mammary involution after drainage of purulent content.

Uso do Laser ALGaInP na cicatrização de lesões cutâneas experimentais em coelhos / Use of ALGaInP Laser in the Wound Healing of Experimental Cutaneous Lesions in Rabbits

Background: Animals with extensive cutaneous lesions remain hospitalized for long periods. In addition to increasing treatment costs, this also causes stress in these animals. Low-power laser is widely used to support tissue repair processes. Its use in the treatment of cutaneous wounds has been studied, as it reduces the wound healing period and the consequences caused by the lesion. The study aimed to evaluat the wound healing process of experimental cutaneous wounds in rabbits with the use of laser therapy. Materials, Methods & Results: Ten healthy New Zealand rabbits were used in the study, which were divided in two groups (n=5). Skin biopsies were carried out on day 16 in Group 1 and on day 8 in Group 2. The animals were under general anesthesia for the experimental cutaneous lesion to be carried out. Two 1 cm2 wounds were made on the back of each animal. The lesions were measured by a pachymeter in the immediate postoperative period, then covered with sterile gauze and maintained with rubber bandages. The animals were treated only with Tramadon 3 mg.kg-1 twice a day, during 3 days. Only the lesions on the right side of the animals were irradiated regularly, on each side of the wound, at a distance of 0.5 cm from the margin. The equipment used was a 660 nm wavelength AlGaInP laser diode (Laserpulse, Ibramed), pulsed at a frequency of 20 Hz, at a dose of 3 J and stimulation time of 12 s. The left-side lesions represented the control and the treatment administered to them consisted only of a cleanse using a NaCl solution at 0.9% once a day. The measurement of the lesion area was made every two days with a pachymeter, and the macroscopic characteristics were noted on a control card. For the histological evaluation of the wound healing process, biopsy specimens were taken from the right and left lesions on the sixteenth day in G1 and on the eighth day in G2, by means of a 6mm punch.(...)(AU)

Suíno como modelo experimental na pesquisa biomédica: valores fisiológicos normais / Swine in biomedical research: normal physiological values

The use of animals in biomedical research is of great importance. It is fundamental for the development and improvement of new practices and technologies. The selection of the species must take into consideration the practicality of handling and the suitability for the experiment, and it must have low operational costs. Swine are important as an experimental model in several experiment areas, because the functionality of many of their organic systems is developed similarly as it is in humans. Swine are animals that become easily stressed. For that reason, their conditioning is necessary to allow the obtainment of data that is closer to normal parameters. This study aims at reporting the physiological values obtained from awake swine, under normal conditions and minimum stress.(AU)

Suíno como modelo experimental na pesquisa biomédica: valores fisiológicos normais / Swine in biomedical research: normal physiological values

The use of animals in biomedical research is of great importance. It is fundamental for the development and improvement of new practices and technologies. The selection of the species must take into consideration the practicality of handling and the suitability for the experiment, and it must have low operational costs. Swine are important as an experimental model in several experiment areas, because the functionality of many of their organic systems is developed similarly as it is in humans. Swine are animals that become easily stressed. For that reason, their conditioning is necessary to allow the obtainment of data that is closer to normal parameters. This study aims at reporting the physiological values obtained from awake swine, under normal conditions and minimum stress.

Uso do Laser ALGaInP na cicatrização de lesões cutâneas experimentais em coelhos / Use of ALGaInP Laser in the Wound Healing of Experimental Cutaneous Lesions in Rabbits

Background: Animals with extensive cutaneous lesions remain hospitalized for long periods. In addition to increasing treatment costs, this also causes stress in these animals. Low-power laser is widely used to support tissue repair processes. Its use in the treatment of cutaneous wounds has been studied, as it reduces the wound healing period and the consequences caused by the lesion. The study aimed to evaluat the wound healing process of experimental cutaneous wounds in rabbits with the use of laser therapy. Materials, Methods & Results: Ten healthy New Zealand rabbits were used in the study, which were divided in two groups (n=5). Skin biopsies were carried out on day 16 in Group 1 and on day 8 in Group 2. The animals were under general anesthesia for the experimental cutaneous lesion to be carried out. Two 1 cm2 wounds were made on the back of each animal. The lesions were measured by a pachymeter in the immediate postoperative period, then covered with sterile gauze and maintained with rubber bandages. The animals were treated only with Tramadon 3 mg.kg-1 twice a day, during 3 days. Only the lesions on the right side of the animals were irradiated regularly, on each side of the wound, at a distance of 0.5 cm from the margin. The equipment used was a 660 nm wavelength AlGaInP laser diode (Laserpulse, Ibramed), pulsed at a frequency of 20 Hz, at a dose of 3 J and stimulation time of 12 s. The left-side lesions represented the control and the treatment administered to them consisted only of a cleanse using a NaCl solution at 0.9% once a day. The measurement of the lesion area was made every two days with a pachymeter, and the macroscopic characteristics were noted on a control card. For the histological evaluation of the wound healing process, biopsy specimens were taken from the right and left lesions on the sixteenth day in G1 and on the eighth day in G2, by means of a 6mm punch.(...)

Opióides de curta ação em infusão contínua no transoperatório de cães e gatos: revisão bibliográfica / Short-action opioids by continuous infusion in the transoperative of dogs and cats: bibliography review

Existe consenso entre os médicos veterinários a respeito de os animais, assim como os seres humanos, serem suscetíveis aos processos dolorosos e suas decorrências. Com o advento de novos fármacos anestésicos e novas técnicas de administração de drogas, tornou-se possível anestesiar um paciente de forma mais precisa e segura, com alta eficácia e menos efeitos adversos. Nessas condições, realizar uma anestesia balanceada vem se tornando uma prática comum que traz inúmeros benefícios para o paciente. O uso de opióides de curta ação por infusão contínua no transoperatório de pacientes anestesiados é um bom exemplo. Este trabalho, resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica, abor¬da novos conceitos sobre a administração de opióides no transoperatório de cães e gatos, a partir dos quais se pode melhor prevenir processos dolorosos, além de se obter outras vantagens para o procedimento cirúrgico, bem como visando à otimização das condições de recuperação do paciente(AU)

Nowadays there is already a consense among veterinary doctors that animals, just as human beings, are highly susceptible to pain. With the incoming of new anesthetic drugs and new drugs administration techniques, its possible to anesthetize a patient in a more precise and safety way, with high efficacy and less side effects. Under these conditions, to make a balanced anesthesia is becoming a common practice that brings many benefits to the patient. The use of short action opioids by continuous infusion in the transoperative of anesthetized patients is an example of this. This paper, a bibliography review, brings news concepts about the opioids administration in the transoperative of dogs and cats, and from them we can better prevent painful process, beyond getting others advantages for surgical procedures and aiming an optimization of the patient recovering(AU)

Opióides de curta ação em infusão contínua no transoperatório de cães e gatos: revisão bibliográfica / Short-action opioids by continuous infusion in the transoperative of dogs and cats: bibliography review

Existe consenso entre os médicos veterinários a respeito de os animais, assim como os seres humanos, serem suscetíveis aos processos dolorosos e suas decorrências. Com o advento de novos fármacos anestésicos e novas técnicas de administração de drogas, tornou-se possível anestesiar um paciente de forma mais precisa e segura, com alta eficácia e menos efeitos adversos. Nessas condições, realizar uma anestesia balanceada vem se tornando uma prática comum que traz inúmeros benefícios para o paciente. O uso de opióides de curta ação por infusão contínua no transoperatório de pacientes anestesiados é um bom exemplo. Este trabalho, resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica, abor¬da novos conceitos sobre a administração de opióides no transoperatório de cães e gatos, a partir dos quais se pode melhor prevenir processos dolorosos, além de se obter outras vantagens para o procedimento cirúrgico, bem como visando à otimização das condições de recuperação do paciente

Nowadays there is already a consense among veterinary doctors that animals, just as human beings, are highly susceptible to pain. With the incoming of new anesthetic drugs and new drugs administration techniques, it’s possible to anesthetize a patient in a more precise and safety way, with high efficacy and less side effects. Under these conditions, to make a balanced anesthesia is becoming a common practice that brings many benefits to the patient. The use of short action opioids by continuous infusion in the transoperative of anesthetized patients is an example of this. This paper, a bibliography review, brings news concepts about the opioids administration in the transoperative of dogs and cats, and from them we can better prevent painful process, beyond getting others advantages for surgical procedures and aiming an optimization of the patient recovering