ABSTRACT
We reviewed the epidemiologic features and trends for 771 cases of meningitis in Oman from January 2000 to December 2005. We found 69% were bacterial in origin and 13% were viral. Leading bacterial pathogens included Haemophilus influenzae (15%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (14%) and Nesseria meningitidis (12%). For 56% of patients with suspected pyogenic meningitis, no specific bacterial pathogen could be identified. Peak occurrence was in children under 2 years old. The incidence of H. influenzae type b decreased by almost 100% after implementation of the national immunization programme in 2001, while the incidence of cases caused by S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis remained steady.
Subject(s)
Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology , Meningitis, Viral/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Male , Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology , Meningitis, Bacterial/prevention & control , Meningitis, Haemophilus/epidemiology , Meningitis, Meningococcal/epidemiology , Meningitis, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Meningitis, Viral/diagnosis , Meningitis, Viral/prevention & control , Meningitis, Viral/virology , Oman/epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , VaccinationABSTRACT
We reviewed the epidemiologic features and trends for 771 cases of meningitis in Oman from January 2000 to December 2005. We found 69% were bacterial in origin and 13% were viral. Leading bacterial pathogens included Haemophilus influenzae [15%], Streptococcus pneumoniae [14%] and Nesseria meningitidis [12%]. For 56% of patients with suspected pyogenic meningitis, no specific bacterial pathogen could be identified. Peak occurrence was in children under 2 years old. The incidence of H. influenzae type b decreased by almost 100% after implementation of the national immunization programme in 2001, while the incidence of cases caused by S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis remained steady
Subject(s)
Meningitis , Age Distribution , Incidence , Meningitis, HaemophilusABSTRACT
We conducted an epidemiological and cost analysis for all 13 patients diagnosed with multaidrug-resistant tuberculosis (11 pulmonary, 2 extrapulmonary) in Oman from January 2000 to October 2005. The disease was secondary, or acquired, in 12 of 13 patients. A total of 140 contacts were screened (mean 10.8 persons per patient), but contact tracing revealed no secondary cases. The mean number of drugs that TB isolates were resistant to was 2.8 (range 2-5). A mean of 4.7 drugs were given to patients, the mean length of therapy was 8 months and all patients were cured. The cost of medications for these multidrug-resistant cases was 14 to 29 times higher than that for the standard drug-sensitive TB regimen.
Subject(s)
Cost of Illness , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/economics , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Antitubercular Agents/economics , Contact Tracing , Costs and Cost Analysis , Directly Observed Therapy/economics , Disease Notification , Drug Costs/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Mass Screening , Middle Aged , Oman/epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapyABSTRACT
We conducted an epidemiological and cost analysis for all 13 patients diagnosed with multaidrug-resistant tuberculosis [11 pulmonary, 2 extrapulmonary] in Oman from January 2000 to October 2005. The disease was secondary, or acquired, in 12 of 13 patients. A total of 140 contacts were screened [mean 10.8 persons per patient], but contact tracing revealed no secondary cases. The mean number of drugs that TB isolates were resistant to was 2.8 [range 2-5]. A mean of 4.7 drugs were given to patients, the mean length of therapy was 8 months and all patients were cured. The cost of medications for these multidrug-resistant cases was 14 to 29 times higher than that for the standard drug-sensitive TB regimen
