ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: We prospectively studied a total of 30 patients with breast cancer to evaluate the relationship between the degree of accumulation of 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) and the heterogeneity of p-glycoprotein expression in tumor tissues. METHODS: Twenty patients during initial presentation and 10 patients during post-therapy evaluation underwent contemporaneous 99mTc-MIBI imaging and surgery or biopsy. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on multiple nonconsecutive sections of the same tumor using a p-glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibody, JSB-1. Tumor-to-background (T/B) ratios were correlated with the level and heterogeneity of p-glycoprotein expression determined by immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: The T/B ratios were lower for those tumors with strong p-glycoprotein expression (Group 1) than those with strong-to-weak expression (Group 2) or those with weak-to-no expression (Group 3) (1.32 +/- 0.19 and 1.85 +/- 0.56 and 2.86 +/- 1.06, respectively). There was statistically significant difference in T/B ratios between all 3 groups (p < 0.005). Although T/B ratios for Group 1 and Group 3 were clearly distinct from one another with no overlapping values, the values for Group 2 overlapped with those of Group 1 and Group 3. When we evaluated the entire patient group with excluding those with strong-to-weak expression, although the p value remained the same (p < 0.001), we obtained a stronger correlation between T/B ratios and p-glycoprotein expression (r = 0.808 versus 0.735). CONCLUSION: Due to the heterogeneous expression of p-glycoprotein, both immunohistochemistry and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy may yield confounding results by contrasting with one another if the presence or absence of p-glycoprotein is not extensively explored. Although our data confirmed that 99mTc-MIBI imaging is useful in the determination of the presence of multidrug resistance in patients with breast cancer, the issue of heterogeneous expression of the antigen should be further investigated when unexpected results are obtained.
Subject(s)
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonSubject(s)
Fistula/etiology , Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/etiology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/complications , Adolescent , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Dacryocystitis/complications , Dacryocystitis/diagnostic imaging , Dacryocystitis/drug therapy , Drug Therapy, Combination/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination/therapeutic use , Eye Infections, Bacterial/complications , Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnostic imaging , Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy , Eyelids/microbiology , Female , Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Fistula/drug therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/drug therapy , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Ophthalmic Solutions , Radionuclide Imaging , Staphylococcal Infections/complications , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnostic imaging , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: In a prospective study, we correlated the washout rates of 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) and the degree of MIBI accumulation with the expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in tumor tissues in a total of 46 patients with lung cancer. METHODS: All patients underwent early (30 min) and delayed (3 hr) MIBI imaging and bronchoscopic biopsy before initiation of chemo- or radiotherapy. The interval between biopsy and imaging varied between 2 and 10 days. All patients had radiologically detectable tumors. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin sections using a monoclonal antibody, JSB-1, developed against the internal epitope of Pgp. Normal tissue and tumor washout rates and tumor-to-background ratios were correlated with the level of Pgp expression. RESULTS: There was an inverse correlation between tumor-to-background ratios and the density of Pgp (p = 0.001), whereas there was no appreciable correlation between tumor washout rates of MIBI and the level of Pgp expression (p = 0.414). CONCLUSION: The current data strongly suggest that, although the reduced ability for the tumors to accumulate MIBI correlates well with the increased levels of Pgp expression, tumor washout rates of MIBI do not correlate with the density of Pgp in tumor tissues. Our results also warrant additional research for correlating immunohistological and imaging findings with messenger RNA levels determined by polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry.
Subject(s)
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/analysis , Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Small Cell/chemistry , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lung Neoplasms/chemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Radionuclide ImagingABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: We prospectively studied 48 patients with either breast cancer (30 patients) or lung cancer (18 patients) to ascertain the relationship between the degree of accumulation of 99mTc-sestamibi and the expression of p-glycoprotein in tumor tissues. METHODS: During initial presentation (37 patients) or post-therapy evaluation (11 patients), the patients underwent contemporaneous 99mTc-sestamibi imaging and biopsy (30 patients) or surgery (18 patients). The interval between surgery/biopsy and imaging varied between 3 and 15 days. All patients had radiologically detectable tumors. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin sections using a monoclonal antibody, JSB-1, developed against the internal epitope of p-glycoprotein. Tumor-to-background ratios were correlated with the level of p-glycoprotein expression determined by immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: Our results showed an inverse correlation between the tumor-to-background ratios of 99mTc-sestamibi and the density of p-glycoprotein expression in tumor tissues. The values for the tumor-to-background ratios were significantly lower for those tumors expressing p-glycoprotein at high levels than those with scattered and no expression (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although our results warrant further studies at the molecular level using PCR techniques after the extraction of mRNA, our data strongly suggest that 99mTc-sestamibi imaging is useful to noninvasively determine the presence of multidrug resistance in patients with malignant tumors.
Subject(s)
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism , Carcinoma, Medullary/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Medullary/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Medullary/metabolism , Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Small Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Radionuclide ImagingABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: This study prospectively assessed the value of 201Tl and 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) SPECT in monitoring disease regression/progression as compared with MRI findings in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) having radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. METHODS: Eighteen patients (age range 15-78 yr, mean 45 yr) had consecutive SPECT imaging using a dual-head gamma camera after the injection of 111 MBq 201Tl and 555 MBq MIBI before therapy and at 3 mo and 6 mo after completion of therapy. A total of 106 SPECT studies was correlated with contemporaneous MRI studies. Tumor-to-background ratios were obtained on coronal slices. Visually detectable lesions in the region of the nasopharynx and cervical lymph nodes were considered positive for residual disease. The gold standard for the presence of disease was the combination of repeat MRI scans, endoscopic examination and clinical evaluation performed 12-15 mo after completion of therapy. RESULTS: MIBI-SPECT proved superior to both 201Tl SPECT and MRI after 3 or 6 mo follow-up in predicting complete response. Accuracy rates in the detection of residual disease in the nasopharynx are 39%, 72% and 89% for MRI, 201Tl and MIBI, respectively, for the 3-mo evaluation; 71%, 71% and 94% for MRI, 201Tl and MIBI, respectively, for the 6-mo evaluation. CONCLUSION: MIBI SPECT could be used as a screening test in predicting response to therapy in patients with NPC.
Subject(s)
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Thallium Radioisotopes , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , False Positive Reactions , Female , Humans , Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Nasopharynx/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm, Residual , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The intention of this prospective study was to compare the diagnostic potential of technetium-99m sestamibi (MIBI) and a novel radiotracer, 99mTc-Tetrofosmin (Tetro), for the assessment of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the differentiation of residual disease from post-therapy changes. A total of 38 patients underwent MIBI and Tetro single-photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging at initial presentation (n=22) or following therapy (n=16). The findings were correlated with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a site-by-site basis. Tumour/background (Tm/Bkg) ratios were obtained on coronal sections. Biopsy (nine patients) and/or 12- to 24-month clinical follow-up data were available in the post-therapy group. All primary disease sites were accurately detected by both imaging studies. Although there was no statistical difference between the two imaging techniques in the detection of primary disease, MIBI was superior to Tetro in the detection of regional lymph node metastases (sensitivity: 95% vs 79%). Tetro and MIBI SPET were true-positive in all patients (n=7) with proven residual/recurrent disease. In nine patients who had no evidence of residual/recurrent tumour, MRI was false-positive in five while Tetro and MIBI SPET were false-positive in two and three patients, respectively. Tm/Bkg ratios were =1.7 in all false-positive cases except one. Tetro, MIBI and MRI had specificities of 78%, 67% and 44%, and accuracies of 87.5%, 81% and 69%, respectively. The results of Tetro and of MIBI SPET were not statistically different from one another with regard to the prediction of residual/recurrent or metastatic NPC.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Organophosphorus Compounds , Organotechnetium Compounds , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Carcinoma/secondary , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Female , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasm, Residual , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
A patient who presented with recurrent ovarian carcinoma with elevated levels of CA 125 was evaluated for skeletal metastases by routine whole body bone scintigraphy. Although no bone metastasis was visualized, there was intense accumulation of tracer in the soft tissues corresponding to the liver, pelvis, and intestinal/peritoneal surface, suggestive of metastatic disease. Although liver and pelvic soft tissue metastases were confirmed by CT and USG, intestinal/peritoneal metastases could not be disclosed by either modality.
Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Abdominal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Abdominal Neoplasms/secondary , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Middle Aged , Radionuclide ImagingABSTRACT
We performed a double-phase Tc-99m-SestaMIBI SPECT study on a patient who presented with a mass located at the skull base. The results were compared with double-phase T1-201 SPECT study. Early phase (30 min) SPECT images of both radiopharmaceuticals demonstrated increased radiotracer uptake in the region of the tumor. However, late images (180 min) revealed rapid wash-out of Tc-99m-SestaMIBI from the tumor, suggestive of a benign vascular tumor, while T1-201 images showed slower wash-out. Tc-99m-SestaMIBI SPECT findings were also confirmed by carotid angiography and biopsy, while a contemporaneous MRI scan was inconclusive in differentiating benign from malignant tumor. Initial and one-year follow-up whole body CT scans were negative for any metastatic sites, supporting the diagnosis of benign glomus jugulare tumor.
Subject(s)
Glomus Jugulare Tumor/diagnostic imaging , Paraganglioma/diagnostic imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Angiography , Biopsy , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glomus Jugulare Tumor/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Paraganglioma/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: We prospectively studied the diagnostic potential of 201Tl and 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) SPECT for evaluating the extent of primary disease and differentiating residual/recurrent disease from post-therapy changes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Fifty patients (20 initial presentation, 30 post-therapy evaluation) underwent 201Tl and MIBI imaging. The findings were correlated with CT/MRI results. Tumor-to-background ratios were obtained. Biopsy confirmation (14 patients) and/or 6-12 mo clinical follow-up data (16 patients) were available in the post-therapy group. RESULTS: All primary disease sites were accurately detected by both imaging studies in the pretherapy group. However, MIBI-SPECT was superior to 201Tl SPECT (p = 0.0057) in detecting regional metastases (sensitivities of 95% versus 68%). In the post-therapy group, MIBI and 201Tl imaging were true-positive in 14 of 16 patients with proven residual/recurrent. In 17 patients who had no evidence of residual/recurrent tumor. CT/MRI was false-positive in 13 when MIBI and 201Tl imaging were true-negative in 10 and false positive in 3. MIBI, 201Tl and CT/MRI had sensitivities of 87.5%, 87.5%, 100%, specificities of 82.4%, 76.5%, 23.5% and accuracies of 85%, 82%, 61%, respectively. Tumor-to-background ratios were < or = 1.5 in all false-positive cases except one. CONCLUSION: MIBI-SPECT proves more accurate than 201Tl SPECT in detecting regional metastases at initial presentation. MIBI and 201Tl imaging have higher specificity and accuracy than CT/MRI and MIBI-SPECT is slightly more specific than 201Tl SPECT in differentiating residual/ recurrent disease from post-therapy changes in patients with NPC.
Subject(s)
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Thallium Radioisotopes , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , False Positive Reactions , Female , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm, Residual , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
A patient with undifferentiated stage IV (T3N3M0) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (WHO type III) underwent pre- and one-month post-therapy bone scintigraphy as part of an ongoing trial combining scintigraphic and radiographic modalities. The patient had advanced disease in the nasopharynx and bulky cervical lymph nodes at presentation. Initial bone scintigraphy performed 10 days prior to therapy was negative for bone metastases. Immediately after concomitant chemoradiotherapy, bone scintigraphy revealed distant metastases, whereas clinical assessment of disease disclosed complete response to therapy in the nasopharynx and cervical lymph nodes. The scintigraphic findings were also confirmed by a subsequent MRI scan of the corresponding regions.
Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma/radiotherapy , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma/drug therapy , Carcinoma/secondary , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Humans , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neck , Neoplasm Staging , Radiography , Radionuclide Imaging , Radiotherapy, High-Energy , Remission InductionABSTRACT
The aim of this investigation was to test for the scintigraphic detection of metastases of malignant melanoma with a new radiopharmaceutical, 99Tcm-glutathione (99Tcm-GSH), in comparison with 99Tcm-anti-melanoma antibody (99Tcm-AMAb). Glutathione was labelled with 99Tcm by a Sn2+ reduction method with an efficiency of > 99% as determined by instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC). Anti-melanoma antibody was obtained as a kit from SORIN (Italy) and labelled with 99TcmO-4. Forty-three patients with a total of 55 biopsy-proven metastatic melanoma foci, 1 ocular melanoma and 20 benign pathologic foci, also confirmed by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, were included in the study after giving their informed consent. Following the intravenous (i.v.) injection of 500 MBq 99Tcm-AMAb, scintigraphic images of the involved areas were obtained 6 h post-injection. Three days later, the same patients were given 500 MBq 99Tcm-GSH i.v. and images were obtained 6 and 24 h post-injection. The images were classified as positive (focal abnormal accumulation) or negative. Quantitative evaluation was also applied. Regions of interest were drawn over the involved areas and nearby soft tissues and the target-to-nontarget (T/NT) ratios obtained with 99Tcm-AMAb (T/NT: 1.92 +/- 0.2) and 99Tcm-GSH (T/NT: 1.84 +/- 0.2) were compared (0.1 < P < or = 0.3). The sensitivity (and specificity) of 99Tcm-AMAb and 99Tcm-GSH in the detection of malignant melanoma metastases were 91% (95%) and 84% (90%), respectively. Compared with 99Tcm-AMAb, the advantages of 99Tcm-GSH are lower levels of blood radioactivity, lower costs and easy in-house preparation. In conclusion, our results show that 99Tcm-GSH is a potentially useful radiopharmaceutical for the detection of metastases of malignant melanoma.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Neoplasm , Glutathione/analogs & derivatives , Melanoma/diagnostic imaging , Melanoma/secondary , Radioimmunodetection/methods , Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m , Technetium , Female , Humans , Isotope Labeling , Male , Melanoma/immunology , Middle Aged , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Two patients with active tuberculosis confirmed by chest radiography and positive sputum smears were included in this study to determine whether a Tc-99m labeled agent, such as DMSA or citrate could localize such lesions in comparison to Ga-67 citrate. Both patients had Tc-99m (V) DMSA, Tc-99m citrate, and Ga-67 citrate scanning at 1-day to 5-day intervals. Both patients had positive scan findings with all three radiopharmaceuticals. However, the quality of Tc-99m (V) DMSA scans was superior to Tc-99m citrate, which showed faint uptake. Tc-99m (V) DMSA may be a better alternative to Ga-67 citrate in the assessment of the activity and extent of tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Citrates , Gallium Radioisotopes , Organotechnetium Compounds , Succimer , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Citric Acid , Feasibility Studies , Humans , Male , Radionuclide Imaging , Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic AcidABSTRACT
The authors present a prospective analysis of Tc-99m MDP and Tc-99m citrate scintigraphy in 29 patients who were clinically suspected of having chronic osteomyelitis. All of the patients showed increased Tc-99m MDP uptake on bone scintigraphy involving the area of concern. However, Tc-99m citrate scintigraphy clearly identified the patients with osteomyelitis (N = 18) confirmed either by biopsy or clinical follow-up. Eleven patients who were free of osteomyelitis showed only minimal radiotracer uptake on Tc-99m citrate scintigraphy. These patients had other benign musculoskeletal diseases that were diagnosed by other imaging modalities. In addition to visually interpreting the scintigraphic images, a semi-quantitative analysis was performed by drawing regions of interest over the areas involved and the normal contralateral side, and patients with osteomyelitis were found to have lesion to nonlesion ratios of greater than 1.70. Because Tc-99m MDP is a nonspecific radiopharmaceutical for the evaluation of bone infection, other imaging agents have been investigated. Tc-99m citrate is a small molecule that makes it suitable to penetrate injured capillaries to the edema fluid known to be present in areas of infection. The authors conclude that Tc-99m citrate is a promising agent for localizing and showing the extent of bone infection that will help the surgeon to determine areas of debridement before surgery.
Subject(s)
Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Citrates , Organotechnetium Compounds , Osteomyelitis/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radionuclide Imaging , Technetium Tc 99m MedronateABSTRACT
Glutathione labelled with 99mTc was used to study blood clearance and normal distribution in 3 healthy volunteers and in 10 patients with biopsy-proven tumors in the head and neck region. Static scintigrams were obtained at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h. ROIs over tumors and normal soft tissues were compared to obtain T/N ratios. In normal subjects blood clearance reached a plateau at 6 h; no radio-activity accumulation in the head and neck region was observed. Only the cardiac blood pool, the liver, the kidneys and the urinary bladder were evident. Excretion was via the kidneys. Malignant tumors and metastases were well visualized in 7 patients (true-positive), starting at 1 h. The mean T/N ratio was 2.69 +/- 0.77. The best images were obtained at 3-6 h. 1 false-positive (granulamatous reaction), 1 false-negative (malignant epithelial tumor in the radix of tongue) and 1 true-negative (angiofibroma) results were obtained. 99mTc-GSH is a potential radiopharmaceutical for the scintigraphic visualization of head and neck tumors. Further clinical studies are warranted to show its sensitivity and accuracy.
Subject(s)
Glutathione/analogs & derivatives , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Technetium/pharmacokinetics , Adult , Breast/diagnostic imaging , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Female , Glutathione/blood , Glutathione/pharmacokinetics , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Radionuclide Imaging , Technetium/blood , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
The accumulation of 99Tcm-citrate in abscesses and arthritic joints has previously been demonstrated. In the present study its usefulness was evaluated in 10 mongrel cats with acute pancreatitis induced by metronidazole infusion. Five cats, used as normal controls, were given physiological saline. All 15 cats were injected intravenously with 185 MBq 99Tcm-citrate. Scintigrams were obtained at 30 min intervals up to 2 h after injection by a gamma camera. The cats were then sacrificed. Tissue samples were obtained, weighed and counted against a 1/1000 dilution of the injected dose. In normal cats the kidneys and the urinary bladder were the only organs that could be visualized. In acute pancreatitis the pancreas and its exudate in the abdomen were also evident on the images. The pancreas to other neighbouring organ ratios increased 2.3-9.7 fold in acute pancreatitis compared to normal controls. Gross autoradiograms showed localization of radioactivity in the lobules of pancreas. Histologic examination of sections of pancreas demonstrated oedema, haemorrhage and some fat necrosis in pancreatic parenchyma, confirming acute pancreatitis. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that acute pancreatitis in cats can be visualized scintigraphically with 99Tcm-citrate.
Subject(s)
Citrates , Organotechnetium Compounds , Pancreatitis/diagnostic imaging , Acute Disease , Animals , Cats , Citrates/pharmacokinetics , Female , Male , Organotechnetium Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Radionuclide Imaging , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
Acute effects of 20 mg oral enalapril (E), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on renal function and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were investigated in 13 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (8 female, 5 male) and 10 hypertensive controls using a radionuclide method. Plasma glucose control was evaluated with fructosamine (F) determinations. After intravenous administration of 370 MBq 99mTc-DTPA, sequential images were recorded. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), perfusion index (PI), time to maximum activity and reno index values of the kidneys were calculated. Two days later, renal scintigraphy was repeated after oral administration of E. Plasma levels of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone were analyzed using RIA. Basal GFR values (mean: 92.6 ml/min) correlated with F (r = 0.364; p < 0.05). In the diabetic group, 5 patients had a decrease in GFR and an increase in PI after oral E. The mean percent change of GFR was 12 +/- 32 for patients and 20 +/- 12 for controls, respectively. Percent change of GFR had a slightly negative correlation with F values (r = -0.51; p < 0.05) and with PI (r = -0.65; p < 0.001). The patients with good metabolic control had an increase in GFR and a decrease in PI indicating an increase in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration. In patients with proteinuria and poorly controlled diabetes, in response to E-induced efferent arteriolar dilation, there is a decrease in GFR and an increase in PI which indicates a fall in filtration and renal blood flow. This glomerular hemodynamic pathology precedes morphological changes due to diabetes.