ABSTRACT
Statistical analysis of the frequency of chromosomes carrying three types (A, B, and C) of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) was based on molecular-genetic testing of populations of domestic pigs and wild boars. Domestic pigs were shown to have higher frequency of PERV and haplotypes containing two and three types of PERV than wild boars.
Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics , Retroviridae/genetics , Swine/genetics , Animals , Genetics, Population/methods , Haplotypes , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
It has been demonstrated that the domestic pig has a blood group systems whose haplotypes (complex alleles) are formed by at least three closely linked loci that are located, like the MIC2 locus of human blood group systems, in the homologous region of sex chromosomes.
Subject(s)
Blood Group Antigens/genetics , Erythrocytes , Haplotypes/genetics , Quantitative Trait Loci , Sex Chromosomes/genetics , Sus scrofa/genetics , Animals , Blood Group Antigens/immunology , Erythrocytes/immunology , Haplotypes/immunology , Humans , Quantitative Trait Loci/immunology , Sex Chromosomes/immunology , Sus scrofa/immunologyABSTRACT
Variation of serum protein allotypes serving as genetic markers of the blood has been analyzed in 29 populations of the domestic pig and subspecies of the wild boar. The population biodiversity and genetic structure have been estimated by two methods: by the frequencies of allotype combinations and with the use of a map constructed in the space of two principal components. The results obtained are the basis for determining the characteristics of the microevolution of wild boars and formation of the breeds of domestic pigs.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Immunoglobulin Allotypes/genetics , Sus scrofa/classification , Swine/classification , Animals , Genetic Markers , Immunoglobulin Allotypes/blood , Phenotype , Sus scrofa/genetics , Swine/geneticsABSTRACT
A model has been developed that describes the dependence of a quantitative selective trait on the animal homo- and heterozygosity for the genes that control the biochemical reaction rate (isoenzyme systems). The model includes any cases of gene control of a quantitative trait and is applicable to real, genetically heterogeneous populations. The results of testing the model show that it can be used for identifying the genes involved in additive polygenic determination of quantitative commercially valuable traits.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Genotype , Models, Genetic , Quantitative Trait, Heritable , Animals , Body Size/genetics , Haplotypes , Heterozygote , Homozygote , Isoenzymes/genetics , Swine/geneticsABSTRACT
The specificity of phenotypic expression and inheritance of immunoglobulin allotypes IgG1a and IgG2b in pigs are discussed. It was shown that a negative state by both these allotypes is repeatedly found among newborn pigs but is extremely rare in pigs older than one month. A model, which simultaneously describes the genetic determination of allogroups formed by allotypes IgG1a and IgG2b and the dynamics of ontogenetic expression of individual genotype by system IgG with a result of a visually registered phenotype, was developed. Allele frequencies by system IgG were assessed in populations of domestic pigs of productive breeds, laboratory miniature pigs, and wild Eurasian pigs.
Subject(s)
Immunoglobulin G/genetics , Swine/genetics , Swine/immunology , Age Factors , Animals , Crosses, Genetic , Female , Genetic Variation , Models, Genetic , Phenotype , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Combinations of four alpha-2-globulin allotypes were studied for their distribution in pigs of nine different breeds and hybrid groups. Based on this analysis, a new, previously unpublished polyallelic genetic system designated A2G was postulated. The complex alleles of this system control alpha-2-globulin allotypes and are suggested to be encoded by genes of two subloci. One of these subloci is virtually monomorphic, whereas the other has at least four allelic variants.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Swine/genetics , alpha-Macroglobulins/genetics , Animals , Immunodiffusion , Isoantibodies/immunology , Isoantigens/genetics , Isoantigens/immunology , Swine/blood , alpha-Macroglobulins/immunologyABSTRACT
This work is devoted to a linkage study of the gene controlling esterase D and a lethal factor in domestic pig. Segregation for two alleles EsDB, which originated from populations of miniature swine and pigs of a large white breed, and the effect of these variants on the number of offspring in a litter were compared. The results showed a linkage of locus EsD with a lethal factor. This lethal factor causes the mortality of homozygotes and half of the heterozygotes in a litter, which depends on the litter size. The lethal factor was found to be absent in miniature pigs, and in the large white breed it is predominantly linked with allele EsDB. The effect of the lethal factor on population structure and fecundity is discussed.
