[Cycloferon use in complex therapy of children with salmonellosis and yersiniosis infection].

The efficacy of cycloferon in complex therapy of salmonellosis and yersiniosis in children (n=220) was investigated under clinical and laboratory conditious. It was shown, that cycloferon had direct and indirect immunotropic action in salmonellosis and yersiniosis in children. In contrast to the conventional antibiotic therapy, the use of cycloferon provided a more rapid relief of the local and systemic symptoms, reduction of superinfection or exacerbation. It had a positive effect on the antiinfective resistance of the colon mucosa resulting in normalization of the colon lumen microecology. The use of cycloferon provided eradication of the pathogen and opportunistic organisms. In the treatment of salmonellosis it enhanced formation of rare bacterial reconvalescent Shigella.

[Enteropathogenic Yersinia and host cytokine system].

Data about interaction of virulence factors of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis with host immune system cells are presented in the review. Response of innate and adaptive immunity cytokine system in cultures in vitro and during experiment was characterized; scarce data on production of cytokines in patients with yersiniosis are presented.

[Cycloferon efficacy in viral and bacterial diseases of children (clinical review)].

The authors' findings and literature data on the pharmacotherapeut efficacy of cycloferon, an interferon inductor (immunomodulators) are described. The drug effect in the treatment of various socially significant children' diseases, including acute respiratory tract viral infection, bronchial asthma, allergic conditions with infection protection disturbances, mycoplasmic infection, bronchopulmonary complications of acute respiratory tract viral infection with low intensity of free radical oxidation is indicated. The use of cycloferon at the background of vaccination was shown to provide inhibition of the autoimmune processes causing postvaccinal complications in frequently ill children. The results of the use of cycloferon in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract and intestinal infections of both the viral and bacterial genesis are discussed. Cycferon is recommended to be used for correction of the intestine dysbiosis (the microflora level came to normal in 95% of the children). The use of the drug in surgical pathology and in particular in appendicular peritonitis for decreasing the postoperative complications and correction of the immune disturbances due to chronic viral hepatitis C and B in children under the complex therapy is described. The cycloferon safety and efficacy were confirmed by the postmarketing randomized trials.

Clinical and immunological efficiency of anaferon (pediatric formulation) in calicivirus infection in children.

Therapy with anaferon (pediatric formulation) during the acute period of calicivirus infection shortened the duration of the main symptoms of the disease and period of virus release. Changes in the immunological status included increased production of IgA and IgM and activation of IFN-alpha synthesis.

[Four levels (types) of immune reponse in children with viral parotitis infections]. / Chetyre urovnia (tipa) immunnogo otveta u detei, perenosiashchikh parotitno-virusnuiu infektsiiu.

Four levels (types) of immune response, differing by expression of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, and gamma-IFN) and immunoglobulins IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgE) and by expression and time course of specific cell-mediated and humoral immune response, were detected in children with different clinical forms of mumps. Types 1 and 3 immune response are predominantly cell-mediated, while types 2 and 4 predominantly humoral during the acute phase of the disease. The cytokine and antigen-specific profiles of each type of immune response correlate with the severity of clinical course of mumps.

[New data on the development of complications during epidemiological parotitis in children]. / Novoe v patogeneze razvitiia oslozhnenii pri épidemicheskom parotite u detei.

The main factors in the pathogenesis of complicated parotitis virus infection are increased virus reproduction in the salivary gland, inhibited by the production of alpha-interferon at early stages of the infectious process. Entry of the virus into the CNS is caused by slight penetration of antiparotitis antibodies through the blood-brain barrier and by poor formation of specific immune complexes at the site of primary virus reproduction and in the liquor. Interferon therapy of patients with parotitis virus infection corrects the chain of processes in the pathogenesis. In parotitic meningitis neovir stimulates gamma-interferon, which blocks the synthesis of parotitis antigen in the cell and stimulates (through antibody stimulation) the formation of specific immune complexes released with the saliva in the gland. Viferon is more active in parotitic orchitis due to prolongation of alpha-interferon activity.

[The protective role of postvaccinal immunity in mumps in children]. / Protektivnaia rol' postvaktsinal'nogo immuniteta pri parotite u detei.

The immunological study of children with infectious parotitis (IP) without complications and with such complications as pancreatitis, meningitis or orchitis in the glandular form was carried out. In accordance with the previously proposed principle, 4 types of immune response (IR) were established on the basis of differences in initial resistance and the IR profile: cell-mediated immunity (types I and III) and humoral immunity (types II and IV). The patients included nonvaccinated children, as well as children vaccinated on epidemic indications, 3-6, 7-9, 10 and more years before infection. The comparative analysis of the number of IP cases with and without complications in the groups of children, divided according to their immunization history and the type of IR, revealed that postvaccinal immunity in children vaccinated on epidemic indications (less than a month ago) or 3-6 years before infection had protective potential, sufficient for the prevention of complicated forms of IP. Immunity obtained 7-9 years ago was effective for the protection from IP complications only in cell-mediated, but not humoral IR. Postvaccinal immunity obtained more than 10 years ago did not ensure the decrease in the occurrence of complicated forms of IP (in comparison with that in nonvaccinated patients) in children with any type of IR.