ABSTRACT
The order of Carnivora has been very well characterized with over 50 species analyzed by chromosome painting and with painting probe sets made for 9 Carnivora species. Representatives of almost all families have been studied with few exceptions (Otariidae, Odobenidae, Nandiniidae, Prionodontidae). The patterns of chromosome evolution in Carnivora are discussed here. Overall, many Carnivora species retained karyotypes that only slightly differ from the ancestral carnivore karyotype. However, there are at least 3 families in which the ancestral carnivore karyotype has been severely rearranged - Canidae, Ursidae and Mephitidae. Here we report chromosome painting of yet another Carnivora species with a highly rearranged karyotype, Genetta pardina. Recurrent rearrangements make it difficult to define the ancestral chromosomal arrangement in several instances. Only 2 species of pangolins (Pholidota), a sister order of Carnivora, have been studied by chromosome painting. Future use of whole-genome sequencing data is discussed in the context of solving the questions that are beyond resolution of conventional banding techniques and chromosome painting.
Subject(s)
Carnivora/classification , Carnivora/genetics , Animals , Canidae/classification , Canidae/genetics , Cats , Chromosome Painting , Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics , Dogs , Evolution, Molecular , Felidae/classification , Felidae/genetics , Female , Humans , Karyotype , Male , Mephitidae/classification , Mephitidae/genetics , Mustelidae/classification , Mustelidae/genetics , Phylogeny , Procyonidae/classification , Procyonidae/genetics , Species Specificity , Ursidae/classification , Ursidae/genetics , Viverridae/classification , Viverridae/geneticsABSTRACT
The present study depicts the phenomenon of supernumerary chromosomes as autonomous genome elements, similar in features with segmental duplications. Possible role of B chromosomes in evolution and the reasons of their nonrandom distribution in different mammalian taxa are discussed.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Duplication , Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Genome , Segmental Duplications, Genomic , AnimalsABSTRACT
This short communication is a review of key trends in the karyotypic evolution of mammalian taxa Laurasiatheria, inferred from comparative chromosome painting.
Subject(s)
Mammals/genetics , Animals , Chromosome Painting , Karyotyping , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Here, we present analysis of data on comparative chromosome painting produced using various chromosome-specific libraries for members of different Glires groups. Based on the results of comparative cytogenetic and molecular studies, the modern rodents can be conventionally classified into two groups with sharply differing directions and tempoes of karyotypic evolution. One group (suborders Sciuromorpha, Castorimorpha, and Anomaluromoprpha) preserved conserved genomes, which are probably close in structure to the genome of the ancestor of all mammals. The genomes of the other group (suborder Myomorpha) underwent "catastrophic evolution," which resulted in numerous breaks and fusions of the ancient chromosomes. The current data do not allow unambiguously assigning the order Hystricomorpha to any of these groups.
Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics , Rodentia/genetics , Animals , Chromosome Painting , Evolution, Molecular , Genome , Humans , KaryotypingABSTRACT
The rat K51 locus (gene symbol Krt10l) was mapped using isotopic in situ hybridization to rat chromosome 3, human chromosome 9, pig chromosome 6, cattle chromosome 18, and mink chromosome 1.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Mapping , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 , Keratins/genetics , Animals , Cattle , Humans , In Situ Hybridization , Mink/genetics , Rats , Swine/geneticsABSTRACT
The GTG-banding patterns and ideograms of two canid species, the domestic dog and the silver fox, are presented and compared. For both species the number of bands visualized has increased to well over 400. A standard dog karyotype is proposed.
