ABSTRACT
The aim of this investigation was to determine the in vitro effects of vitamin C and E, n-3 and n-6 PUFA and n-9 MUFA on placental cell proliferation and function in type 1 diabetes. Placenta tissues were collected from 30 control healthy and 30 type 1 diabetic women at delivery. Placental cells were isolated and were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with vitamin C (50 µM), vitamin E (50 µM), n-3 PUFA (100 µM), n-6 PUFA (100 µM) or n-9 MUFA (100 µM). Cell proliferation, cell glucose uptake and intracellular oxidative status were investigated. Our results showed that basal placental cell proliferation, glucose uptake, malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl proteins were higher while intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase activities were lower in placentas from diabetic women as compared to controls. Vitamins C and E induced a modulation of placental cell proliferation and glucose consumption without affecting intracellular redox status in both diabetic and control groups. N-3 and n-6 PUFA diminished placental cell proliferation and enhanced intracellular oxidative stress while n-9 MUFA had no effects in the two groups. Co-administration of n-3 or n-6 PUFA and vitamin C or E were capable of reversing back the PUFA-decreased cell proliferation and normalizing placental cell function and redox status especially in diabetes. In conclusion, PUFA and antioxidant vitamin combinations may be beneficial in improving placenta function and in reducing placental oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Placenta/drug effects , Pregnancy in Diabetics/metabolism , Adult , Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology , Catalase/metabolism , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Omega-6/pharmacology , Female , Humans , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Placenta/metabolism , Pregnancy , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Vitamin E/pharmacology , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the oxidative profile and thrombotic markers in obese and hypertensive mothers. METHODS: Thirty obese, 28 hypertensive and 34 healthy control mothers were recruited from Tlemcen Hospital, Algeria. Plasma vitamin C, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, erythrocyte glutathione, malondialdehyde, carbonyl proteins and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and coagulation markers [protein C, protein S, fibrinogen, prothrombin, antithrombin, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), lupus anticoagulants (LACs)] were measured. Changes in plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose and lipid levels were also determined. RESULTS: Plasma glucose concentrations were high in obese mothers, and plasma urea, uric acid and creatinine levels were increased in hypertensive compared with healthy mothers. Obese and hypertensive mothers had low vitamin C and glutathione values, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and high triglyceride, superoxide anion, malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein levels compared with control mothers. Plasma nitric oxide levels were enhanced in obese mothers but reduced in hypertensive mothers. Fibrinogen and prothrombin levels were significantly enhanced in obese and hypertensive mothers. Protein C, protein S, antithrombin and APTT values were significantly higher in hypertensive mothers. Only hypertensive mothers were positive for LACs. CONCLUSION: Obese and hypertensive mothers presented oxidative stress and a pro-thrombotic state. Their oxidative and hemostasis profile should be carefully considered and appropriate management organized.
Subject(s)
Hypertension/metabolism , Obesity/blood , Thrombosis/metabolism , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Oxidative Stress , PregnancyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the oxidant and antioxidant status in Algerian mothers and their newborns according to birth weight. STUDY DESIGN: Subjects for the study were consecutively recruited from Tlemcen hospital. 139 pregnant women and their newborns were included. The plasma total antioxidant activity (ORAC), vitamins A, C, E, hydroperoxides, carbonyl proteins, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) were measured on mothers and their newborns. Lipid and lipoprotein parameters were also determined. The results were assessed in accordance with small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate (AGA) and large (LGA) birth weight of the newborn. RESULTS: SGA newborns and their mothers had low ORAC, vitamin C and E values (P<0.01) and high plasma hydroperoxide and carbonyl protein levels (P<0.01) compared to AGA groups. The SGA group showed also altered erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and several lipid and lipoprotein changes. In LGA compared to control newborns, hydroperoxide, carbonyl protein levels and SOD activity were enhanced while ORAC, vitamin A and E levels were reduced. However, oxidant and antioxidant status in their mothers was similar to that in control mothers. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress is present in both SGA and LGA newborns, with a concomitant alteration in maternal oxidant and antioxidant status only in intrauterine growth restriction.
