ABSTRACT
A series of 52 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were studied over a 6-year period. They constituted 27% of all bladder tumours. The male:female ratio was 12:1; 62% of the patients were below the age of 50 years (mean 47) and 31% had a previous history of urinary bilharziasis. Associated stigmata of Schistosoma haematobium, as sandy patches, were detected in 69% of patients. Fourteen had bilharzial ureteric strictures as seen on intravenous urography and most of the tumours occurred in the region of the trigone; 60% had T3 NO MO tumours at presentation. Eighteen patients received radical radiotherapy and 16 patients under the age of 55 years underwent radical cystectomy with diversion of urine to an isolated rectum. The 5-year survival rate in the radical cystectomy group was 75%. Other modalities of treatment and their results are discussed.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Cystectomy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Schistosomiasis haematobia/complications , Sudan , Ureteral Obstruction/etiology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/etiology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgerySubject(s)
Urinary Calculi/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Sudan , Urinary Calculi/epidemiology , Urinary Calculi/therapyABSTRACT
We studied prospectively 18 patients with sodium-losing nephropathy. In 12 patients (66.7 per cent) the sodium-losing nephropathy was owing to obstructions, challenging the hitherto existing concept that the most common cause of the condition is pyelonephritis. The diagnosis of sodium-losing nephropathy is important in urological practice since sodium repletion in these cases shortens significantly the hospitalization and preoperative waiting time.
Subject(s)
Hyponatremia/etiology , Kidney Diseases/metabolism , Sodium/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Bicarbonates/therapeutic use , Blood Pressure , Female , Humans , Hyponatremia/physiopathology , Kidney Diseases/drug therapy , Kidney Diseases/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Sodium/therapeutic use , Syndrome , UrodynamicsABSTRACT
This is a prospective study on 24 patients with chronic renal failure. Thirteen of them had evidence of acute uraemic encephalopathy. Of those 9 patients were found to have dilutional hyponatraemia, two patients severe salt and water depletion and one patient septicaemia. Hyponatraemia was associated with pulmonary oedema in 3 patients. Correction of salt and water disturbances and treatment of heart failure improved cerebral functions in 10 (77%) patients. It is therefore concluded that dilutional hyponatraemia probably leading to cerebral oedema is a reversibe major factor in the development of acute uraemic encephalopathy. This, if left uncorrected, may prove fatal especially in tropical countries.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/etiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Brain Diseases/therapy , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sodium/blood , Unconsciousness/etiology , Uremia/complications , Water-Electrolyte BalanceABSTRACT
Fifty-seven per cent of Urinary Calculi in the Sudan contain Uric Acid, 20 per cent in the pure form and 37 per cent mixed with other constituents mainly calcium oxalate. The peak age presentation of urolithiasis is 30-40 years with more prediliction to males than females. An earlier study documented a high incidence of hyperuricaemia in Sudanese people. It is probable that "voluntary dehydration" and hyperuricaemia acting together may help in the formation of uric acid stones on the surface of which other crystals mainly calcium oxalate may be deposited to form the bigger calculi which are commonly encountered in this country.
