THz generation by optical rectification of intense near-infrared pulses in organic crystal BNA.

Generation of terahertz radiation by optical rectification of intense near-infrared laser pulses in N-benzyl-2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (BNA) is investigated in detail by carrying out a complete characterization of the terahertz radiation. We studied the scaling of THz yield with pump pulse repetition rate and fluence which enabled us to predict the optimal operating conditions for BNA crystals at room temperature for 800 nm pump wavelength. Furthermore, recording the transmitted laser spectrum allowed us to calculate the nonlinear refractive index of BNA at 800 nm.

Myenteric neurons with different projections have different dendritic tree patterns: a morphometric study in the pig ileum.

Morphometric analysis was performed of two types of myenteric neurons with at first glance, very similar morphology, but different projections in the pig ileum. 50 type IV cells projecting vertically to the outer submucosal plexus, and 50 solitary type V neurons projecting aborally, within the myenteric plexus, were evaluated. Using a computer-aided morphometric device, the following parameters were recorded: somal area, longest somal diameter, number of primary dendrites, dendritic length, number of dendritic branching points and number of terminal segments. In addition to other significant differences, the most prominent discriminating parameter between the two populations of nerve cells estimated in this study was the length of the longest dendrite of each cell type. The longest dendrite of an individual type V neuron is a manifold longer than the corresponding somal diameter, in contrast to type IV neurons where it is at most twice the somal diameter. In addition, all type IV and type V single dendritic lengths were arranged in histogramms, where the type V dendrites showed two frequency peaks. Thus, we assume that solitary type V neurons can develop two populations of dendrites: a short and a long one. These results demonstrate that myenteric neurons with different projections (and hence different functions) display strikingly different dendritic morphology.

Postnatal development of substance P in the inner ear of the guinea pig.

Appreciable amounts of substance P (SP) were found in guinea pig cochleas. The highest values were found in the postnatal period. Data presented favor the assumption of SP acting as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter in the inner ear.

[The effect of a modified blood supply on the craniofacial growth of the rabbit. 4. Skull and lower jaw asymmetry]. / Der Einfluss einer modifizierten Blutversorgung auf das kraniofaziale Wachstum des Kaninchens. 4. Schädel und Unterkiefer/Asymmetrien.

Using a microscopic measuring method we were able to detect minor regions of asymmetry in the zygomatic arches of rabbits in which the common carotid artery had been ligated. These are considered in connection with the (also slight) asymmetric gains in the dry weight of the muscles of mastication in the ligated animals (see 2nd Bulletin).

[The effect of a modified blood supply on the craniofacial growth of rabbits. 3. Skull and mandible: general size development]. / Der Einfluss einer modifizierten Blutversorgung auf das kraniofaziale Wachstum des Kaninchens. 3. Schädel und Unterkiefer: Allgemeine Grössenentwicklung.

This report deals with the growth of the skull and lower jaw after unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery in juvenile rabbits. No differences that could be attributed to the operation were found between the animals with ligated carotids and the control animals.

[The effect of a modified blood supply on the craniofacial growth of rabbits. 2. Masticatory muscles]. / Der Einfluss einer modifizierten Blutversorgung auf das kraniofaziale Wachstum des Kaninchens. 2. Kaumuskulatur.

After ligation of the right common carotid artery, the dry weight of the muscles of mastication on the ligated side did not differ from that of the control animals between the 45th and 225th d of life. On the opposite side, however, the muscles were in some cases significantly heavier than those of the control animals, particularly in male rabbits with ligated common carotid arteries. The methodical application of these results is proposed.

[The effect of a modified blood supply on the craniofacial growth of rabbits. 1. Vascular casts]. / Der Einfluss einer modifizierten Blutversorgung auf das kraniofaziale Wachstum des Kaninchens. 1. Gefässausgüsse.

UNLABELLED: This series describes changes in the arteries of the head and neck and the growth of the muscles of mastication, the skull and lower jaw after unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery. 1st REPORT: Kallocryl casts of the arterial system of the head and neck in rabbits aged about 8 months were made. The casts from ligated animals were compared with those from control animals. The description deals with the arrangement and number of anastomoses.

[HLA antigens in patients with laryngeal cancer]. / HLA-Antigene bei Patienten mit Larynxkarzinom.

The HLA-ABC- and -DR-antigens of patients with carcinoma of the larynx were determined. The frequencies were compared with those of a normal population. No significant deviations in the antigen frequencies were observed in the distribution of HLA antigens. Therefore, participation of HLA-ABC and -DR gene products in pathogenesis of carcinoma of the larynx as an expression of a genetical component cannot be postulated till now.

[The morphology of the circulus arteriosus cerebri in rabbits and its changes following unilateral carotid ligation]. / Die Morphologie des Circulus arteriosus cerebri beim Kaninchen und seine Veränderungen nach einseitiger Karotisligatur.

Kallocryl casts showed in all cases that the circulus arteriosus is closed in the rabbit. This refutes claims to the contrary in the literature. Attention is drawn to contradictions in the nomenclature denoting the parts of the circulus. According to our observations, in the rabbit only the caudal part of the circulus, mainly the caudal communicans artery, is implicated in the compensation of unilateral ligature of the common carotid artery.

[Sex dimorphism of quantitative parameters of the masticatory muscles and skull of the rabbit]. / Geschlechtsdimorphismus quantitativer Parameter an Kaumuskulatur und Schädel des Kaninchens.

The dry weight of the muscles of mastication and the size of the skull in the rabbit were studied from the 45th to the 225th d of life. Sexual dimorphism in the dry weight of the muscles of mastication appeared after the 100th d, the weight being higher in the case of the males. Sexual dimorphism of the skull affected only the zygomatic arch, the dimensions of the zygomatic arch in the male being greater than in the female from the 120th d on. The 2 differences are considered in relation to each other.