ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We describe a decade of our experience in the surgical management of patients with giant lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (GILID). METHODS: This is a case series of patients operated for a GILID between 2000 and 2009. Among 1334 patients eligible for the present study: 154 patients presented with GILID (study group) and 1180 patients without GILID (control group). Clinical symptoms and preoperative imaging results were obtained from medical records. Complications and long-term results were assessed. RESULTS: This retrospective study documents the characteristic features between patients with and without GILID. The difference in the incidence of female patients was statistically significant between the study group and the control group as was the mean duration of symptoms, hyperalgic radicular pain, bilaterality of symptoms, preoperative motor deficit, central location of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), contained herniation and recurrence of LDH. CONCLUSIONS: GILIDs are a distinct entity: they are distinctly uncommon compared with smaller herniations, patients were statistically more likely to be hyperalgic with bilateral radicular pain and often associated with neurological deficits. The majority of patients do not display a cauda equina syndrome (CES). Low lumbar disc sites are mostly affected and disc fragments are more likely to be central-uncontained. The recurrence rate is lower for GILIDs.
Subject(s)
Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polyradiculopathy/diagnosis , Polyradiculopathy/surgery , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Tuberous sclerosis is a phacomatosis resulting from an autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the presence of multiple hamartomas in various organs, especially the brain, the skin, the kidneys and the heart. The diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis is based on imaging and clinical examination, where magnetic resonance imaging constitutes the key investigation showing characteristic brain lesions. Neuro-encephalic manifestations may be particularly severe, and may even be life threatening. The authors report personal cases series and review the literature highlighting epidemiology, clinical features and imaging of neuro-encephalic tuberous sclerosis.
Subject(s)
Brain/pathology , Neurons/pathology , Tuberous Sclerosis/pathology , Tuberous Sclerosis/physiopathology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/etiology , Mental Disorders/pathology , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Neuroimaging/methods , Neurons/diagnostic imaging , Neurons/physiology , Radiography , Tuberous Sclerosis/complications , Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Thalamo-mesencephalic neuroepithelial cysts are rare lesions of the central nervous system. They are thought to arise from neuroectoderm and are also referred to as ependymal cysts due to their origin. It can remain asymptomatic throughout life or rarely can cause symptoms. We describe a 42-year-old woman who presented with thalamic syndrome due to a neuroepithelial cyst of the thalamo-midbrain. Differential diagnosis is made with other cystic lesions in the brain. However a good analysis of imaging feature led to diagnosis. When the lesion is symptomatic, mini-invasive procedure is indicated.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Cysts/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Cysts/pathology , Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial/pathology , Thalamic Diseases/diagnosis , Adult , Central Nervous System Cysts/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Mesencephalon/pathology , Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial/surgery , Neurosurgical ProceduresABSTRACT
This paper discusses spinal cord tumors including imaging characteristics with emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging and advances in treatment. This is a retrospective study of 20 cases patients with neoplasms arising from the spinal cord. All of our cases were explored by magnetic resonance imaging (1.5T) using T1-weighted imaging (Spin Echo), T2-weighted imaging (Spin Echo) and T1-weighted imaging with Gadolinium administration. Pain is the earliest symptom, characteristically occurring at night when the patient is supine. Ependymoma were observed in 11 cases. Astrocytoma was noted in five cases. Other uncommon tumors were identified in four cases: oligodendroglioma (n=1), epidermoid cyst (n=1), hemangioblastoma and metastasis (n=1). In MRI most tumors are isointense or slightly hypointense compared to the normal cord signal with homogenous or irregular enhancement. We describe the characteristic magnetic resonance findings and differential diagnosis of spinal cord tumors. Spinal cord lesions comprise approximately 2-4% of all central nervous system neoplasms. Magnetic resonance imaging plays a central role in the imaging of spinal cord neoplasms.
