[Proteinase inhibitors as markers of stomach cancer]. / Ingibitory proteinaz kak markery raka zheludka.

The study was concerned with assay of alpha 1.2-microglobulins (MGs) and pregnancy-associated alpha 1.2-glucoproteins (PAGs) which are considered nonspecific markers. The study group included 52 patients with gastric precancer and 40 patients with gastric tumors. A correlation was established between MG levels and carcinogenesis which may be interpreted as an indicator of malignant transformation of chronic ulcer or metastasis development following radical surgery for stomach cancer.

[Results of various treatment modalities in the calculous cholecystitis]. / Rezultaty primeneniia razlichnykh metodov lecheniia kalkulëznogo kholetsistita.

Two alternative methods for the treatment of calculous cholecystitis are evaluated: extracorporeal lithotripsy was performed in 284 patients, laparoscopic cholecystectomy--in 130 patients. Even in strict selection of patients, lithotripsy was ineffective in 32 of them and they were subjected to an operation; in another group of patients elimination of the fragments from the gallbladder was incomplete. Therefore, extracorporeal lithotripsy may be used in no more than 10% of patients with cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was conducted in 130 patients. In 6 (4.5%) of them the operation had to be completed by laparotomy because complications occurred during the laparoscopic intervention. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has some obvious advantages over open cholecystectomy: easier postoperative period, early activation of the patients, a good cosmetic effect. However, to determine the boundaries and possibilities of this method accumulation of experience is needed.

[Sphincter-sparing operations in perforated duodenal ulcers]. / Sfinkterosokhraniaiushchie operatsii pri perforativnoi iazve dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

Operated on were 304 patients with perforative duodenal ulcer. The preference was given to the closure of an ulcer with selective proximal vagotomy. The follow-up of from 1 to 10 years has shown the excellent and good results in 92% of cases. Recurrences occurred in 4.9% of the patients.

Endoscopic microscopy of the colon.

The authors analyse the results of endoscopic colonomicroscopy at various magnifications in 250 patients. A study of dye absorption in different histological types of colonic tumor made it possible to establish that chromocolonoscopy is an effective method in diagnosing and differentiating some types of tumors and hyperplastic changes in the mucosa of the colon. Adenomas with severe dysplasia of the glandular epithelium, and tumors with a structure of an adenocarcinoma do not readily accept vital staining.