[Modern views of causes of microvascular complications development and progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus and peculiarities of their treatment].

Numerous independent studies conducted over the last decade have proved that impaired lipid metabolism is the predominant risk factor for vascular lesions of the fundus in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The changes in lipid metabolism are called "the atherogenic triad of diabetes", or the metabolic syndrome, and include an increase of triglyceride level and percentage of especially atherogenic low-density lipoproteins, along with a decrease of percentage of high-density lipoproteins. Fenofibrate influences the microcirculation of patients with type 2 diabetes via normalization of mentioned parameters, thus reducing the intensity of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, fenofibrate has a non-lipid pleiotropic effect which positively influences the microvascular system even in case of a normal lipid profile. Medical treatment with fenofibrate harmoniously complements the results of retinal laser photocoagulation due to its antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant action as well as a decreasing effect on vascular reactivity.

[Complicated forms of superinvasion opisthorchiasis: pathogenetic aspects].

Superinvasion opisthorchiasis is characterized by host growth retardation and weight reduction, which are due to the cleptoeffect of Opisthorchis felineus; metabolic disturbances, proliferative processes, accelerated collagen biosynthesis and biodegradation in the organs reflect parasite-host interactions as components of the system. The productive reactions of visceral pathology are initiated by the parasite's metabolites located in the liver, lung, heart, and testes.

[The specific features of regenerative processes of hip and shin fractures in patients with superinvasion opisthorchiasis].

Opisthorchis superinvasion retains the natural manifestations of reparative regeneration of skeletal tissues, but activates proliferation stages and increases the promoter manifestations of histogenesis. Irrespective of a surgical option, the rate of infestation, and the place of residence, reparative regeneration of shaft fractures of the shin and hip occurs significantly more rapidly in patients with superinvasion opisthorchiasis than in those without the latter. In superinvasion opisthorchiasis, bone is restituted by early callus formation and accelerated regenerate mineralization.

[Morphogenesis of the structural changes of the internal organs in superinvasive opisthorchiasis].

The study of the model of superinvasive opisthorchiasis (SO) in Syrian hamsters and autopsy material obtained from patients with SO, it was shown that during the early period of pulmonary disease, the lungs underwent changes developing on the basis of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. In the chronic phase of SO, exudative and predominant productive reactions were revealed leading to the interstitial lung disease, fibrosing alveolitis. In the heart in SO, eosinophilic cell myocarditis was found with subsequent diffuse cardiosclerosis. In the testes, sclerotic processes with atrophy of glandulocytes (Leydig cells) and sustentocytes (Sertoli cells) were detected. The structural changes in the lungs, heart and testes were induced by parasite metabolites, that are deposited in tissues in the form of granules and conglomerates.

[Hemophthalmos in patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Gemoftal'm u bol'nykh sakharnym diabeteom.

A total of 110 patients with diabetes mellitus with intraocular hemorrhages were examined using computer densitometry of ultrasonic beta-scanograms of the eyes. Indications for various treatments were determined and the outcomes of hemophthalmia predicted, depending on its topography, intensity, and volume of blood released into the vitreous. Hemorrhages were located mainly in the posterior segments of the vitreous body in diabetics with hemophthalmia. High efficiency and good prospects of using objective methods of computer analysis of beta-scanograms for evaluating the status of the vitreous and extending the diagnostic potentialities of modern ophthalmology are shown.

[Effect of various organic compounds on the growth and hydrocarbon production by sulfur-reducing bacteria]. / Vliianie razlichnykh organicheskikh veshchestv na rost i obrazovanie uglevodorodov sul'fatredutsiruiushchimi bakteriiami.

The effects of lactate, pyruvate and ethanol on growth and formation of extracellular hydrocarbons by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans 1799 cultivated in H2 + CO2 atmosphere were studied. It was shown that sulfate reducing bacteria grow and produce hydrocarbons on all studied carbon and energy sources. Substitution of lactate in the medium for pyruvate or ethanol decreased only insignificantly the amount of synthesized hydrocarbons with concomitant increase in the content of isoform.

[Clinico-prognostic criteria for the selection of diabetes mellitus patients for the intraocular correction of aphakia]. / Kliniko-prognosticheskie kriterii otbora bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom dlia intraokuliarnoi korrektsii afakii.

The level of glycosylated blood hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a clinical and prognostic criterion for selecting diabetics for implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) is assessed. Extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular correction was carried out in 68 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Preoperative level of HbA1c in group 1 (n = 36) was no more than 8%, and in group 2 (n = 32) it was at least 8%. Both groups were treated similarly. The immediate and late functional results of cataract extraction with IOL implantation were decisively better in group 1 with HbA1c level under 8%, that is, with compensated diabetes. Thus, the level of HbA1c is an accurate and objective clinical and prognostic criterion for selecting patients with diabetes for IOL implantation with good and stable functional results and for precluding unjustified operations.

[Effect of carbon monoxide on the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria and their oxidation of this substrate]. / Vliianie okisi ugleroda na rost sul'fatvosstanavlivaiushchikh bakterii i okislenie imi etogo substrata.

The effect of carbon monoxide on the growth of six strains of sulfatee-reducing bacteria have been studied as well as the ability of bacterial suspensions and extracts to oxidize CO. It was shown that sulfate-reducing bacteria possess a comparably high resistance to carbon monoxide. There are difference in the sensitivity of certain species and strains of sulphat-reducing bacteria to the content of CO in the gas phase. The cell suspensions and extracts are capable of oxidizing 100% CO in gaseous phase. The rate of carbon monoxide oxidation by extracts is much higher than by suspensions.

[Cellular study of a lysogenic Desulfovibrio desulfuricans culture after mitomycin C induction]. / Izuchenie kletok lizogennoi kul'tury Desulfovibrio desulfuricans posle induktsii mitomitsinom C.

Ultrathin sections through the cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, strain B, were examined using electron microscopy after inducing the formation of phages with mitomycin C at a concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. Changes were found in the size of the cells, their cell wall and nucleoids. The cells contained phage particles of different maturity. The electron microscopic study of the induced phage has shown that it does not differ in morphology from the phage of this culture discovered by us earlier.

[Comparative study of the energy metabolic enzymatic activity of pigmented and pigment-free strains of Serratia marcescens]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie aktivnosti fermentov énergeticheskogo obmena pigmentnykh i bespigmentnykh shtammov Serratia marcescens.

The activity of enzymes involved in energy metabolism was investigated in the pigmented strain of Serratia marcescens and in its pigmentless variant with an elevated activity of nuclease. The pigmentless strain was found to exhibit a higher specific activity of several enzymes participating in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and the citric acid cycle. The pigmentless strain accumulated lesser amounts of lactic acid in the medium and was characterized by the negative Voges--Proskauer reaction.

[Effect of exogenous factors on extracellular alkaline ribonuclease synthesis in Bacillus mesentericus]. / Vliianie ékzogennykh faktorov na sintez vnekletochnoi shchelochnoi ribonukleazy Bacillus mesentericus.

Bacillus mesentericus was found to assimilate nucleic acids as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus. Nucleic acids added to the medium as a source of nitrogen or phosphorus stimulated synthesis of ribonuclease. When washed bacterial cells were incubated for a short period of time in a fresh nutrient medium containing RNA, synthesis of RNAase was also induced. Synthesis of the enzyme was inhibited by high concentrations of chloramphenicol and actinomycin D, and stimulated by low concentrations of actinomycin D. Therefore, alkaline RNAase is an inducible enzyme which participates in the nutrition processes of bacteria.

[Effect of liver chromatin DNAse on closed circular DNA of PM-2 phage and simian virus 40]. / Deistvie DNKazy khromatina pecheni krys na kol'tsevuiu DNK faga rm-2 i virusa sv-40.

Comparative effect of the DNAse from rat liver chromatin and Neurospora crassa endonuclease S1 on closed circular superhelical DNA of PM-2 phage and Simian Virus 40 is studied. It is shown that both of them--the DNAse from chromatin proteins and endonuclease S1--are specific to single-stranded regions in DNA molecular. It is suggested that chromatin protein DNAse participates in reparation processes.

[Prodigiosin as a possible inhibitor of Serratia marcescens nuclease]. / Izuchenie prodigiozina kak vozmozhnogo ingibitora nukleazy Serratia marcescens.

Preparations of prodigiosin inhibited the activity of nuclese of Serratia marcescens. The preparations were fractionated on an alumina column. The activity of nuclease was inhibited by both fractions containing pyrryldipyrrylmethene compounds and fractions in which these compounds were not found by spectrophotometry. The inhibitor was isolated also from the cells of a pigmentless strain. Therefore, the inhibition is exhibited by compounds that are extracted from the cells with acetone and petroleum ether, rather than by prodigiosin.