[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of pathological kinking of internal carotid arteries].

Analysed herein are the outcomes of a comprehensive (clinical, ultrasonographic and magnetic-resonance) examination of 322 patients with symptomatology of ischemic disorders of cerebral circulation, undergoing treatment at a neurological hospital. Of these, a total of 194 (60 %) patients were found to have various types of pathology of the internal carotid arteries (ICA). Pathological kinking of the internal carotid arteries was revealed in 56 (17.4%) subjects. Based on the findings of the clinical and instrumental examination we managed to specify the definition of pathological kinking. Also determined were peculiarities of the circle of Willis, promoting manifestations of cerebral circulation insufficiency in patients presenting with pathological kinking. Studied were the long-term outcomes (up to 4 years) of surgical treatment of 56 patients with pathological kinking of the ICA. Good immediate outcomes of surgical operations were observed, to be followed by considerably decreased neurological symptomatology in the remote postoperative period.

[Electrochemical gradient of H+ ions as an immediate source of energy during bacteria movement]. / Elektrokhimicheskii Gradient Ionov H+ neposredstvennyi istochnik energii pri dvizhonii bakterii

An uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation causes an instantaneous cessation of movement of bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum in the presence and in the absence of oligomycin. It is concluded that such cessation is not due to a decrease in the ATP concentration but to the elimination of deltamicron-H+ by the uncoupler. The mobility of the bacteria does not practically change in the presence of acetate and is, to some extent, decreased after addition of valinomycin or penetrating cation of tetraphenyl phosphonium. Under a combined action of acetate and valinomycin the movement is depleted. It is concluded that both constituents of deltamicronH+-transmembrane difference of electric potentials and the pH gradient--may serve as energy sources for the bacteria movement. Inhibitory analysis data suggest that the bacteria movement may be maintained by any of the deltamicronH+ sources, e.g. light-dependent cyclic electron transfer, respiration, ATPase and membrane pyrophosphatase.