[Mitotic activity in serous adenocarcinoma of the uterine body].

A comparative study of uterine serous (36) and endometrial (32) adenocarcinoma was undertaken. The former pathology revealed a higher mitotic index (18.2%) than the latter (11.4%) (p < 0.01). Predominance of metaphases among the variety of mitotic phases as well as high metaphase-prophase index (73.6% and 69.2% in serous and endometrial adenocarcinoma, respectively) were typical of malignant tumors in general. The share of patholological mitoses in serous adenocarcinomas was 1.6 times (61.8%) that in endometrial adenocarcinomas. Moreover, serous adenocarcinomas showed a wide range of pathological mitoses which were often responsible for aneuploidy development. The above differences in uterine serous and endometrial adenocarcinoma were in full conformity with the well known aggressive nature of the former pathology and may be used as an additional criterion of differential diagnosis.

[Serous adenocarcinoma of the uterus: criteria of morphological diagnosis and immunohistochemistry].

The analysis of the histopathologic features in 138 patients with uterine serous adenocarcinoma in comparison with 146 patients with uterine endometrioid papillary adenocarcinoma revealed morphological specificities of these carcinomas. Immunohistochemical study found that 66.7% uterine serous adenocarcinomas were negative both to estrogen and progesterone receptors and 86.7% uterine serous adenocarcinomas showed p53 oncoprotein overexpression. The data support the hypothesis that uterine serous adenocarcinoma is a hormone-negative tumor and that mutation of p53 tumor suppressor gene may play a leading role in its carcinogenesis.

[Risk of chronic stomach diseases and cancer in occupational exposure to monocyclic aromatic carbohydrates (benzol and its homologs)]. / Risk razvitiia khronicheskikh zabolevanii i raka zheludka u lits, kontaktirovavshikh v usloviiakh proizvodstva s monotsiklicheskimi aromaticheskimi uglevodorodami (benzolom i ego gomologami).

A statistically significant rise in the frequency of chronic atrophic gastritis, a precursor of cancer, has been identified in subjects exposed to monocyclic aromatic carbohydrates.

[The 300-th anniversary of pathologic anatomy in Saint-Petersburg]. / 300 let patologicheskoi anatomii v Sankt-Peterburge.

The paper is an overview that covers a long historical period that was marked by the first autopsies (under Peter the First), the development of large research schools, the teaching of students, the training of pathologists, the origin of experimental pathology, the appearance of outstanding discoverers (N.N. Anichkow, A.A. Maximov, L.V. Sobolev), and the foundation of the Research Society of Pathologists.

[Morphological differences between follicular lymphomas and follicular hyperplasia of the lymph nodes]. / Morfologicheskie razlichiia follikuliarnykh limfom i follikuliarnoi giperplazii limfaticheskikh uzlov.

A study was performed in 80 patients with follicular lymphomas and 61 patients with follicular hyperplasia of lymph nodes. The sensitivity, specificity, prognostic value, and the positive and negative likelihood ratio of various histological differentially diagnostic parameters were estimated. The signs that are of great informative value were as follows: the presence (or absence) of concentric layers of mantle cells, follicular polarization, the presence of histiocytes with phagocytosed nuclear debris in the follicles and atypical follicular cells outside the follicles.

[Mechanisms of cellular defense in cadidiasis]. / Mekhanizmy kletochnoi zashchity organizma pri kandidoze.

The data obtained in this research on experimental lung candidiasis in mice suggest that a specific part of cellular resistance (thymus) evidently fails to play the leading role in initiating the infectious process. The major function of hindering candidiasis development belongs to neutrophilic leucocytes whose phagocytosis is eliminating the causal agents from the organism.

[Modelling of opportunistic infection caused by the conditionally pathogenic fungi of the genus Candida]. / O modelirovanii opportunisticheskoi infektsii, vyzyvaemoi uslovno-patogennymi gribami roda Candida.

The analysis of a wide range of experimental models indicates that none of them could be regarded as an adequate model of human candidiasis. Hence, at present, the reproduction of separate components of candidiasis is necessary under various effects on the body.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of the immunocompetent system in hypotrophy and its correction by thymogen]. / Morfofunktsional'naia kharakteristika immunokompetentnoi sistemy pri gipotrofii i ee korrektsii timogenom.

Administration of the synthetic thymic peptide-thymogen to the pigs with symptoms of hypotrophy exerted a positive effect on the course of this pathological condition this resulting from the stimulation of the central and peripheral parts of the immunogenesis. 230 days after the treatment the positive effect still persisted.

[The effect of a synthetic thymus peptide (thymogen) on the immune system in candidiasis under immunodepression]. / Vliianie sinteticheskogo peptida timusa (timogena) na immunnuiu sistemu pri kandidoze v usloviiakh immunodepressii.

Experimental candidiasis developing against the background of the secondary immunodeficiency is described. After thymogen injections the course of candidiasis proceeds less severely, this suggesting that thymogen activates the immunocompetent system, including thymus, favouring the disappearance of the fungal infection.

[Morphologic manifestations of candidiasis in newborns with immunodeficiency]. / Morfologicheskie proiavleniia kandidoza novorozhdennykh v usloviiakh immunodefitsita.

Morphological examinations of 58 autopsy cases of visceral candidiasis in newborns were performed. Direct correlation between the severity of thymus lesions and the degree of changes in organs produced by candidiasis was observed. The most severe candidiasis was found in cases of congenital immunodeficiency. This suggests that the morphological features of candidiasis may be the manifestation of immunodeficiency state.

[Fungus invasion in the morphogenesis of gastro-duodenal ulcers]. / Gribkovaia invaziia v morfogeneze gastroduodenal'nykh iazv.

The goal of the study was the clarification of the role of the fungus Candida in the course of the ulcer. The combination of morphological, cultural and immunological methods was used for the diagnosis of the fungus involvement. Inhibition of the reparative processes by the fungus Candida was shown in the experiment on the model of the chronic gastric ulcer. It is concluded that in patients with chronic ulcers histological examination of the biopsies for fungi should be performed.

[Species characteristics of experimental Candida lung lesions]. / Vidovye osobennosti éksperimental'nykh kandidoznykh porazhenii legkikh.

Intratracheal challenge of rabbits and intranasal challenge of white mice and guinea-pigs by C. albicans without the application of adhesive substances, produced candidiasis pneumonia running more severe course in mice than in rabbits. In guinea-pigs the disease was of medium severity. Specific features of pulmonary inflammation in rabbits were marked polynuclear and especially macrophage reactions, with the phagocyte activity high enough to ensure total elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in the animal. In white mice a weak macrophage reaction was actually a background for a predominant polynuclear reaction producing a massive polynuclear leukocyte disintegration. These processes, though eliminating pathogenic organisms both by phagocytosis and non-phagocytic mechanisms, lead to severe fatal pulmonary edema. Specific differences in experimental lung candidiasis reveal various manifestation of human lung candidiasis.

[Morphogenesis of candidiasis granuloma]. / O morfogeneze kandidoznoi granulemy.

Fungi C. albicans killed by various methods were injected intravenously to mice resulting in the granuloma formation in the liver and spleen. These granulomas were similar to those developing in newborns affected with candidiasis. The components of the fungus cellular wall are responsible for the granuloma development and act as the antigenic material. Polynuclears which are capable of dealing with the antigenic material more actively than mononuclear liver phagocytes, play an essential role as the trigger mechanism in the granuloma formation produced by the killer C. albicans. At the same time long persistence of C. albicans antigenic material in the granulomas proves the deficiency of the phagocytic response directed to the utilization of this material. It is assumed that similar mechanisms are responsible for the morphogenesis of both human candidiasis granulomas and those produced by the killed C. albicans.

[Morphofunctional state of organs of immunogenesis and adrenal glands after administration of a thymus preparation (thymaline)]. / Morfofunktsional'noe sostoianie organov immunogeneza i nadpochechnikov pri vvedenii preparata iz timusa (timalina).

Comparative characterization of morphofunctional changes in the thymus, secondary immunogenesis organs, and adrenal cortex after 10-day subcutaneous inoculations of CBA mice with a thymus preparation, thymaline, showed enhanced thymus functioning and not very marked signs of migrational activity of lymphocytes in lymph nodes under conditions of a prolonged effect of thymaline in normal animals to run in a reduced hormonal activity of adrenocorticocytes.