[The use of apoptosis inducers in the therapy of experimental influenza infection and preventing of chronic post-influenza lung damage].

Influenza is a respiratory infection widely spread around the world. Influenza complications are various in nature and in most cases involve the excessive proliferation of cells in respiratory tract as a factor of pathogenesis. In the present work the efficacy of the use of apoptosis inducer 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphtalenecarboxylic acid (AHPN) for prophylaxis of chronic damage on the stage of post- influenza pneumonia has been studied. Mice were infected with influenza virus A/mallard/Pennsylvania/10218/84(H5N2) with further study of the level of influenza virus reproduction in the lungs, specific mortality of animals and morphology of the foci of post-influenza pneumonia on the 15th day post inoculation. AHPN was shown to decrease the infectious activity of the virus in the lungs by 1.2-1.5 log10 EID50/0.2 mL depending on the dose as compared to the control group, in a weak decrease in mortality of animals (protection index was 12.5-37.5%). The application of AHPN restricted both the proliferative and infiltrative component in chronic post-influenza lesions. It demonstrated the most pronounced effect on the lung morphology when applied on days 4 to 7 post inoculation, i. e. in the period of maximal activation of inflammatory tissue infiltration and regeneration of bronchiolar epithelium. In conclusion, the use of apoptosis inducers can partially prevent the development of chronic post-influenza lesions with proliferative component.

[Anti-viral activity of a complex of the glycyrrhizic acid-alpha-glutamyltryptophan against the experimental lethal influenza infection in white mice caused by the oseltamivir-resistant strain of the virus].

Influenza virus is a leading causing factor of infectious respiratory human pathology. The search and development of novel anti-influenza drugs with a wide spectrum of activity is an important goal for medical science. In addition to specific anti-viral activity of the compound, its way of application is of great importance. In this work, we present the results of the study of the activity of a combination of glutamyl-tryptophan with glycirrhyzic acid (GTGA) against oseltamivir-resistant strain of the virus A/Vladivostok/2/09 (H1N1) at per os application on the model of the lethal influenza infection in white mice. The application of the GTGA was shown to decrease the specific mortality of animals (index of protection 43-50%), to increase the mean day of death to 2.5-3.9 days, and to reduce the infectious titer of the virus in the lung tissue to 1.5-1.9 Ig EID50/20 mg. The corresponding values for the reference compound oseltamivir were 14-25%, 1.1-1.9 days and 0.7 Ig EID50/20 mg, respectively, depending on the dose of the virus. The use of the GTGA also led to a reliable increase of the titers of interferon in the blood from 44.3 to 66.3 ME/mL. Morphological analysis revealed that GTGA lead to normalization of the structure of the lung tissue restricting the level of the cytodestruction and inflammation. The results obtained in this work allow the combination studied to be suggested as a promising anti-influenza drug that is active against the drug-resistant virus strains and can be applied orally.

[Effect of Ingavirin on the ultrastructure of the morphogenesis of adenovirus infection in vivo].

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ingavirin on the morphological features of the foci of adenovirus hepatitis in Syrian hamsters by electron microscopy. The use of the drug was shown to cause a substantial reduction in the rate of destructive processes and inflammatory reactions in the liver, by normalizing its structure at the levels of both tissue and individual hepatocytes. After administration of Ingavirin, the morphogenesis of adenovirus infection in the infected hepatocytes did not differ from that in the controls; however, the infected cells were fewer. The proportion of morphologically inadequate virions in the presence of Ingavirin increased from 35 to 46%. The findings suggest that Ingavirin is an effective drug that has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective activities in the focus of adenovirus tissue involvement.

[Pathogenic aspects of influenza during the epidemics caused by A/H1N1v virus in 2009-2010 according autopsy data].

The paper is based upon the results of clinic-pathological and virological correlations in 29 lethal cases of influenza in Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region during the epidemics 2009/2010. Immunohistochemical analysis of lungs, heart and brain using monoclonal sera to HA and HP proteins of influenza virus, virological and morphological analysis of experimental influenza in mice infected by A/WSN/33 (HIN1) and A/California/07/09 (H1N1) viruses had been carried out. In the majority of investigated strains was proved the amino acid mutation with replacement D222G. The replication of virus was demonstrated at the late stages of diseases, but the desquamation of respiratory epithelium and cytoproliferative weren't found out. Besides the "influenza cells", previously described by A. V Zinserling the cells with enlarge light nuclei were observed. Patients with influenza died from respiratory distress syndrome with minimal bacterial infection. We've established that H1N1 virus not only damages the cells of respiratory epithelium and alveolar macrophages but it can injure endothelium of different organs and neuroglia. The questions which have to be discussed are listed.