ABSTRACT
The development of fertilization techniques such as ICSI, complementary to conventional in vitro fertilization, have been a great advance in the treatment of the male factor. ICSI with spermatozoa from ejaculate allows successful treatment of severe male factor, patients with previous failures of fertilization, and also cases without apparent cause. ICSI with spermatozoa obtained directly from the testicle allows couples in which the male suffers azoospermia, either obstructive or secretory, achieving pregnancy. After ICSI, pregnancy rates are similar to the ones after conventional in vitro fertilization. It is necessary to evaluate the genetic risk for children born after ICSI. On the one hand there are anomalies bound to subfertile population they come from, on the other chromosome anomalies generated de novo. ICSI does not increase the incidence of major malformations. It is recommendable to perform prenatal diagnosis in pregnancies obtained by ICSI.
