Click Co sandwich-terminated dendrimers as polyhydride reservoirs and micellar templates.

Neutral click metallodendrimers with [CoI(η4-cyclopentadiene)(η5-cyclopentadienyl)] termini are synthesized by reduction of dendrimers with 9, 27 or 81 cobalticenium termini and serve as polyhydride reservoirs and reductants; for instance, they reduce proton sources to H2 and AuIII to micellized capsules of gold nanoparticles.

Mixed-valent click intertwined polymer units containing biferrocenium chloride side chains form nanosnakes that encapsulate gold nanoparticles.

Polymers containing triazolylbiferrocene are synthesized by ROMP or radical chain reactions and react with HAuCl4 to provide class-2 mixed-valent triazolylbiferrocenium polyelectrolyte networks (observed inter alia by TEM and AFM) that encapsulate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). With triazolylbiferrocenium in the side polymer chain, the intertwined polymer networks form nanosnakes, unlike with triazolylbiferrocenium in the main polymer chain. By contrast, simple ferrocene-containing polymers do not form such a ferricenium network upon reaction with Au(III), but only small AuNPs, showing that the triazolyl ligand, the cationic charge, and the biferrocenium structure are coresponsible for such network formations.

Resolving the chemical nature of nanodesigned silica surface obtained via a bottom-up approach.

The covalent grafting on silica surfaces of a functional dendritic organosilane coupling agent inserted, in a long alkyl chain monolayer, is described. In this paper, we show that depending on experimental parameters, particularly the solvent, it is possible to obtain a nanodesigned surface via a bottom-up approach. Thus, we succeed in the formation of both homogeneous dense monolayer and a heterogeneous dense monolayer, the latter being characterized by a nanosized volcano-type pattern (4-6 nm of height, 100 nm of width, and around 3 volcanos/µm(2)) randomly distributed over the surface. The dendritic attribute of the grafted silylated coupling agent affords enough anchoring sites to immobilize covalently functional gold nanoparticles (GNPs), coated with amino PEG polymer to resolve the chemical nature of the surfaces and especially the volcano type nanopattern structures of the heterogeneous monolayer. Thus, the versatile surface chemistry developed herein is particularly challenging as the nanodesign is straightforward achieved in a bottom-up approach without any specific lithography device.

'Click' synthesis and redox properties of triazolyl cobalticinium dendrimers.

The derivatization of macromolecules with redox-stable groups is a challenge for molecular electronics applications. The large majority of redox-derivatized macromolecules involve ferrocenes, and there are only a few reports with cobalticinium. We report here the first click derivatization of macromolecules with the cobalticinium redox group using ethynylcobalticinium hexafluorophosphate, 1. Cu(I) catalysis was used for these selective click metallodendrimer syntheses starting from 1 and providing the tripodal dendron 3 that contains three 1,2,3-triazolylcobalticinium termini and a phenol focal point and the dendrimers of generations 0, 1, and 2 containing 9, 27, and 81 triazolylcobalticinium units for the dendrimers 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) statistical studies provided the progression of height upon increase of dendrimer generation. Cyclic voltammetry studies in MeCN and dimethylformamide (DMF) show the solvent-dependent reversibility of the Co(III/II) wave (18e/19e) and generation dependent reversibility of the Co(II/I) (19e/20e) wave in DMF. The H2PO4(-) anion is only recognized by the largest metallodendrimer 6 by a significant cathodic shift of the Co(III/II) wave.

Functionalized hydrogen-bonding self-assembled monolayers grafted onto SiO2 substrates.

A novel urea coupling agent possessing a vinyl-terminal group and trimethoxysilyl anchoring group was synthesized and grafted onto SiO(2)/Au substrates. This ureido coupling agent exhibits a good capacity to directly yield homogeneous SAMs with a surface smoothing. Polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) was used to monitor these SAMs. Indeed, the different functional groups (alkyl chain, urea, and vinyl) of this coupling agent were clearly observed in the PM-IRRAS spectra. Chemical modifications of the terminal function for the covalent immobilization of biomolecules were monitored by PM-IRRAS for the first time. We have demonstrated the successful reactions of the conversion of the vinyl-terminated SAMs successively into SAM-COOH and SAM-NHS without any degradation of the monolayer. The reactivity of activated esters was successfully investigated in order to immobilize the protein A.

Direct formation of fullerene monolayers using [4+2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition.

The formation of covalent C(60) monolayers through [4+2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition between C(60) and anthracene monolayers grafted onto a silicon oxide surface was investigated by ellipsometry, fluorescence and by atomic force microscopy.

Spectrofluorimetric study of the ageing of mixtions used in the gildings of mediaeval wall paintings.

INTRODUCTION: In the Middle Ages, we could find gildings on mural paintings. Gold, silver or tin leaves were applied according to distemper or mixtion technique. For the first one, a binder as glue is necessary, and for the second, a lipidic binder is used to stick the metallic leaf. Studies of gildings materials characterization show that the mixtion technique, with a mordant, is the most common. Linseed oil seems to be the binder used. It is always mixed with a siccative agent as lead. Because of bad conditions of conservation, the gildings do not resist anymore, only remain traces of metal or the adhesive under-layer. Thanks to the binder fluorescence, we can nowadays detect ancient gildings. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to study the degradation of the linseed oil, generally mixed with lead white to give a mordant for the metallic leaf, by spectrofluorimetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To understand in situ fluorescence, gildings recreations, linseed oil and lead white are aged in hydro-thermal and ultraviolet (UV) light (313 nm) climatic rooms and under UV irradiation. Irradiation wavelengths are chosen according to the maximum of absorption of linseed oil and the bibliography (296, 313 and 366 nm = mercury bands). RESULTS: In comparison with results (in situ UV lamp, spectrofluorimetry), excitation wavelength chosen is 366 nm. Irradiations at 366 nm of linseed oil and linseed oil mixed with lead white show the most degrading effect in the fluorescence to the big wavelength. Lead white plays an important siccative role; it increases the intensity fluorescence and accelerates the drying of linseed oil. This study also allows to show that 366 nm wavelength is good for the in situ observation.

Self-adaptive hydrophilic and coordinating Teflon surfaces through a straightforward physisorption process.

Teflon surfaces exhibiting self-adaptive behaviour with both highly hydrophilic character and strong coordinating properties are prepared in a straightforward manner by physisorption of the fluorophilic copper(II)-carboxylate complex 2.

Chemisorption of fluorous copper(II)-carboxylate complexes on SiO2 surfaces: versatile binding layers applied to the preparation of porphyrin monolayers.

The fluorous copper(II)-carboxylate complexes 1 and 2 are readily chemisorbed on SiO(2) surfaces affording super-hydrophilic binding layers for subsequent versatile functionalization by coordination chemistry.

Laser induced damage of fused silica polished optics due to a droplet forming organic contaminant.

We report on the effect of organic molecular contamination on single shot laser induced damage density at the wavelength of 351 nm, with a 3 ns pulse length. Specific contamination experiments were made with dioctylphthalate (DOP) in liquid or gaseous phase, on the surface of fused silica polished samples, bare or solgel coated. Systematic laser induced damage was observed only in the case of liquid phase contamination. Different chemical and morphological characterization methods were used to identify and understand the damage process. We demonstrate that the contaminant morphology, rather than its physicochemical nature, can be responsible for the decrease of laser induced damage threshold of optics.

Route to smooth silica-based surfaces decorated with novel self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing glycidyl-terminated very long hydrocarbon chains.

Novel glycidyl-terminated organosilicon coupling agents possessing a trialkoxysilyl head group and a very long hydrocarbon chain (C22) were synthesized. Their ability to afford densely packed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) grafted on silica-based surfaces was investigated. Transmission FT-IR spectra showed that the most regular films were obtained by using trichloracetic acid as the catalyst (10 M%). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical ellipsometry were consistent with well ordered monolayers exhibiting a marked decrease of the surface roughness. Epifluorescence microscopy revealed that these SAMs possessed a better surface reactivity than monolayers obtained with the commercially available (3-glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTS) upon grafting of a fluorescent probe (dansylcadaverin). Moreover, direct attachment of fluorescent antibodies (RAG-TRITC) through covalent binding led to higher mean fluorescence intensities, showing that these new SAMs possess high potential for the immobilization of biological molecules.

Giant dendritic molecular electrochrome batteries with ferrocenyl and pentamethylferrocenyl termini.

Giant redox dendrimers were synthesized with ferrocenyl and pentamethylferrocenyl termini up to a theoretical number of 3(9) tethers (seventh generation). Lengthening of the tethers proved to be a reliable strategy to overcome the bulk constraint at the dendrimers periphery. These redox metallodendrimers were characterized by (1)H, (13)C, and (29)Si NMR; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (for the low generations); elemental analysis; UV-vis spectroscopy; dynamic light scattering (DLS); atomic force microscopy (AFM); electron-force microscopy (EFM) for half- or fully oxidized dendrimers; cyclic voltammetry; and coulometry. UV-vis spectroscopy, coulometry, and analytical data are consistent with an increasing amount of defects as the generation number increases, with this amount remaining relatively weak up to G(5). AFM shows that the dendrimers form aggregates of discrete size on the mica surface, recalling the agglomeration of metal atoms in monodisperse nanoparticles. Cyclic voltammetry reveals full chemical and electrochemical reversibility up to G(7), showing that electron transfer is fast among the flexible peripheral redox sites. Indeed, the redox stability of these new electrochromic dendrimers, i.e., a battery behavior, was established by complete chemical oxido-reduction cycles, and the blue 17-electron ferrocenium and deep-green mixed-valence Fe(III)/Fe(II) dendritic complexes were isolated and characterized. AFM studies also show the reversible dendrimer size changes from upon redox switching between Fe(II) and Fe(III), suggesting a breathing mechanism controlled by the redox potential. Considerable adsorption of high-generation dendrimers on Pt electrodes such as G(7)-Fc allows the easy formation of modified electrodes that sense the ATP anion only involving the electrostatic factor even in the absence of any other type of interaction with the redox tethers.

A triblock fluorous surfactant as a specific gelator for perfluorocarbons.

The fluorinated double-tailed triblock surfactant 1-Na represents a new type of gelator for perfluorocarbons which can gelate at low concentration (1.5 wt%) both bromoperfluorooctane and perfluorodecalin, two of the most appealing perfluorinated fluids for pharmaceutical applications.

Assembly between gold-thiolate nanoparticles and the organometallic cluster [Fe(eta5-C5H5)(mu3-CO)]4 toward redox sensing of oxo-anions.

Covalent assembly between gold-thiolate nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the cluster [Fe(eta(5)-C(5)H(5))(mu(3)-CO)](4), 1, can be achieved either by direct Brust-Schriffin-type synthesis using a mixture of undecanethiol and a thiol functionalized with , or by substitution of undecanethiolate ligands in AuNPs by thiolate ligands functionalized with ; cyclic voltammetry of these AuNPs functionalized with allows us to recognize and titrate the oxo-anions H(2)PO(4)(-) and ATP(2-).

Synthesis of 2,3-substituted tetracenes and evaluation of their self-assembling properties in organic solvents.

[structure: see text] Rod-shaped 2,3-di-alkoxytetracenes, soluble in common organic solvents, have been synthesized and studied for their gelling ability in organic solvents and their unusual UV-visible spectroscopic properties.

Tunable fluorescence emission in pyrene-(2,2'-bipyridine) dyads containing phenylene-ethynylene bridges.

A synthetic route is described for the preparation of a series of pyrene-containing pi-conjugated 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) ligands. These compounds have been investigated by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. They display intense visible absorption and fluorescence emission properties that can be very efficiently modulated by the complexation of zinc(ii) metal ions to the bpy coordinating unit. The solvatochromism of the emission band of the zinc(ii) complexes, the fluorescence quantum yields, and lifetimes in THF have been determined. Zinc(ii)-induced formation of a charge transfer singlet excited states induces an increase in dipole moment of more than 20 D. Semiempirical theoretical calculations were performed and allowed to assess the electronic nature of ground and excited states of the free ligands and and that of the corresponding zinc(ii) complexes.