ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe malaria during pregnancy outside endemic areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of imported malaria during pregnancy, diagnosed over a 11-year period in a French hospital. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We recovered 18 cases, all from sub-Saharan countries. The infection could appear distantly from arrival in France (up to 36 months), was asymptomatic in 3 cases, with anemia being the most common marker of infection (n = 14). The adverse consequences for the fetus (n = 3) or the newborn (n = 4) were frequent. Physicians should be aware of these atypical presentations in order to anticipate the diagnosis and improve the maternal and fetal prognosis.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases, Imported/parasitology , Malaria/parasitology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology , Adult , Africa South of the Sahara , Communicable Diseases, Imported/diagnosis , Female , France , Humans , Malaria/diagnosis , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultSubject(s)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/etiology , Chorioretinitis/etiology , Dermatitis/etiology , Emigration and Immigration , Filariasis/complications , Pruritus/etiology , Travel , Adult , Africa , Aged , Cohort Studies , Female , Filariasis/diagnosis , Filariasis/physiopathology , France , Humans , Loiasis/complications , Loiasis/diagnosis , Loiasis/physiopathology , Male , Mansonelliasis/complications , Mansonelliasis/diagnosis , Mansonelliasis/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Onchocerciasis/complications , Onchocerciasis/diagnosis , Onchocerciasis/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
In recent days immigrants represent the main risk group for imported malaria in northern countries. Most of them are migrants returning to their country of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFR). We retrospectively examined the main clinical, biological, and therapeutic data of all malaria cases in immigrants from 2006 to 2010 in Tenon hospital, Paris. The hospital is situated in a Paris district with an important African community. During the study period 239 imported malaria cases were observed in adults of which 199 were immigrants, 186 VFR, and 13 recently arrived. Most cases were from sub-Saharan Africa and Comoro islands. Chimioprophylaxis was not taken in 81.2% of VFR. It was inadequate in 43.7% and not taken correctly in 84.4%. Plasmodium falciparum was the most frequent species identified: 190/199 (95.5%). Severe P. falciparum malaria was observed in 25 cases (13.2%); two of them were recently arrived. One patient, African VFR, died. In this series two high-risk groups were represented: HIV-infected patients and pregnant women. Six of the HIV patients had severe malaria and all pregnant women had anemia. Our results are similar to those observed recently in other European countries. Mean age of VFR is increasing and the risk for severe P. falciparum malaria became identical to the one observed in non-immune travelers. Protection measures remain still insufficient in this population of travelers.
Subject(s)
Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Malaria/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Africa South of the Sahara/ethnology , Aged , China/ethnology , Comoros/ethnology , Family , Female , Friends , Haiti/ethnology , Hospitals/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Malaria/ethnology , Malaria/transmission , Male , Middle Aged , Paris/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Travel/statistics & numerical data , Young AdultSubject(s)
Facial Dermatoses/microbiology , Laryngitis/microbiology , Mycoses/microbiology , Penicillium/isolation & purification , Skin Ulcer/microbiology , Adult , Biopsy , Candidiasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Facial Dermatoses/complications , Female , Glomerulonephritis/complications , Hemoglobin E , Hemoglobinuria/complications , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Laos/ethnology , Laryngitis/complications , Laryngitis/pathology , Mycology/methods , Mycoses/complications , Mycoses/diagnosis , Penicillium/classification , Penicillium/pathogenicity , Skin Ulcer/complications , Species Specificity , Staining and Labeling/methods , Thailand , TravelABSTRACT
Diagnosis of strongyloidiasis using stool examination remains unsatisfactory due to the lack of sensitivity and fastidious techniques. In this work, we investigated the value of an anti-Strongyloides IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA), using a panel of 207 sera retrospectively collected from patients with definitive diagnoses of strongyloidiasis (n=57), other helminthic infections (n=46), eosinophilia without parasitic infection diagnosis (n=54), and digestive disturbances following a tropical journey (n=30) and from 20 negative controls. By following a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, it was possible to optimize the test to reach a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 93.3%, with 92.8% of patients correctly classified. Considering the incidence of strongyloidiasis diagnosed in our own laboratory, the negative predictive value was calculated at 99.9%. In conclusion, this test is very rapid and easy to perform and may be valuable for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis both in cases where the infection is unrevealed by a parasitological stool examination and in patients at risk for severe clinical forms, such as patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
