Profil évolutif de la limboconjonctivité endémique des tropiques à l'hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé / Gynecological cancer in oncology practice in Lomé

Introduction. La limbo-conjonctivite endémique des tropiques (LCET) est une kérato-conjonctivite allergique récidivante du jeune enfant qui s'améliore après la puberté mais peut persister. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer le profil évolutif de la LCETdans notre pratique. Méthodologie. Étude longitudinale descriptive menée dans l'unité d'ophtalmologie de l'Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé. Tous les dossiers de LCET reçus de janvier 2011 à décembre 2019 avec un recul d'aumoins deux ans de suivi ont été recensés. Les patients qui ont accepté de participer après apptéléphonique ont été inclus de janvier à mai 2021.Les variables d'étudeétaient: âge, sexe, acuité visuelle (AV), caractéristiques de la LCET selon Diallo, pronostic fonctionnel et anatomique en post puberté (plus de 15 ans). Résultats. Au total,30 patients (60 yeux) ont été étudiés. Le sex-ratio était de 2. La moyenne d'âge était de 15 ans ± 9 ans. Initialement, le prurit était le maitre symptôme (96,7%). Après un recul moyen de cinq ans, l'AV était utile chez tous les patients (100%) et la LCET stade 2 plus représentée (60%). Le nombre moyen de récidives était de trois. Les patients post pubertaires on eu une amélioration anatomique dans 56.7% des caset une aggravation dans 10%des casConclusion. Notre travail confirme l'amélioration post pubertaire globale de la LCET, nonobstant quelques formes graves depronosticpéjoratif pour la fonction visuelle.

Introduction. Tropical endemiclimbo-conjunctivitis (TELC) is a recurrent allergic kerato-conjunctivitis in young children which improves after puberty but may persist. The aim of this study was to determine the evolutionof TELCin our setting. Methodology. This was a longitudinal descriptive study conducted in the ophthalmology unit of the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. All TELC files received from January 2011 to December 2019 with a follow-up of at least two years of follow-up were identified. Patients who agreed to participate after a phone call were included from January to May 2021. The variables of interest were: age, sex, visual acuity (VA), TELC classification according to Diallo, functional and anatomical prognosis in post puberty (more than 15 years).A totalof30 patients (60 eyes) were recruited. The sex ratio was 2. The average age was 15 ± 9 years. Initially, pruritus was the main symptom (96.7%). After an average follow-up of five years, VA was usefulin all patients (100%) and TELCstage 2 was the most frequent stage (60%). The mean number of recurrences was three. Postpubertal patients had anatomical improvement in 56.7% of cases and worsening in 10%of cases. Conclusion. Our study confirms the overall postpubertal improvement ofTELC, except some serious forms with poor prognosis ofvisual function

[Epidemiological and clinical profile of age-related macular degeneration in Cameroon]. / Profil épidémiologique et clinique de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge en milieu camerounais.

PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of age-related macular degeneration in patients in Yaoundé. METHODOLOGY: A multicenter, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2017 to June 2018 in four hospitals in the city of Yaoundé. Included were all consenting patients aged at least 40 years with an established diagnosis of AMD both clinically and by imaging. The data were analyzed with CSPro software version 7.0. Chi2 and Student's "t" tests in univariate mode and logistic regression in multivariate mode were used with a significance of P≤5%. RESULTS: Of the 9,989 patients who were seen during the 16-month study period, 38 met our inclusion criteria - a frequency of 0.4%. The sex ratio was 0.3, and the mean age was 68±11 years. As a function of geographic origin, AMD is more common in patients from the forest and mountain areas. The systemic comorbidities associated recorded were hypertension (47.4%) and diabetes (21.1%). After optical correction, 60 of 76 eyes (78.9%) had useful visual acuity according to WHO criteria, and the rate of blindness was 9.2%. Fundus examination revealed fewer lesions than optical coherence tomography, which demonstrated miliary drusen in 57 (75%) eyes, serous drusen in 27 (35.5%), retinal atrophy in 19 (25%) and neovascularization in 3 (3.9%). The clinical forms were dominated by age-related maculopathy, found in 45 eyes (69.2%), followed by atrophic AMD in 17 (26.2%) and finally by exudative AMD in 3 (4.6%), for a total of 65 out of 76 eyes. Age was related to the risk of MLA and atrophic AMD (P≤0.05). CONCLUSION: AMD is an uncommon pathology in our setting, predominant in women over the age of 60 years.

[Retinal vein occlusions treated by intravitreal bevacizumab injections at the Hospital of Instruction, Application and Reference of the Armed Forces of Yaoundé]. / Occlusions veineuses rétiniennes traitées par injections intra-vitréennes de bévacizumab à l'hôpital d'instruction, d'application et de référence des armées de Yaoundé.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the anatomical and functional results of intravitreal bevacizumab injections in retinal vein occlusions at the Hospital of Instruction, Application and Reference of the Armed Forces of Yaoundé. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective and descriptive study was conducted from October 2016 to August 2017 at the Hospital of Instruction, Application and Reference of the Armed Forces of Yaoundé. All eyes with edematous or mixed retinal vein occlusion were treatment naive and received at least 3 intravitreal injections spaced at least 28 days apart of bevacizumab 25mg/ml at a dose of 0.05ml per session according to the strategy of 3 injections or "3 I". At least 3 months after the final injection, visual acuity and macular thickness, assessed by optical coherence tomography, were analyzed with the IBM-SPSS 22 software. The Student's test was used to compare means, with a significance P<5%. RESULTS: We included nineteen eyes of 18 patients with a mean age of 62.83±9.57 years. The male to female sex ratio was 0.8. Branch vein occlusion was predominant in 14 (73.68%) eyes. The edematous type was noted in 17 (89.5%) eyes. Serous retinal detachment was present in 6 (31.6%) eyes. The mean number of injections was 4.2±1.2. The mean baseline visual acuity changed from +0.9 Log MAR (40 ETDRS) to +0.6 Log MAR (55 ETDRS) at 6 months, while the mean macular thickness went from 550.16±180µm to 338.58±127µm, with statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal bevacizumab injections proved to be effective in the management of edematous retinal vein occlusions in our practice setting despite the lack of market authorization for this indication.

[Retinal manifestations of neuro-malaria or "malarial retinopathy" in Yaoundé]. / Atteintes rétiniennes du neuro-paludisme ou « rétinopathie paludique ¼ à Yaoundé.

AIM: Contribute to the improvement of diagnostic and prognostic approaches to treating children with neuro-malaria in Yaoundé. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A prospective and analytical study carried out in 2 hospitals of Yaoundé from October 2015 to March 2016. All patients aged 3 months to 15 years hospitalized for neuro-malaria in one of the 2 hospitals benefited from a fundus examination. The variables studied were: age, sex, Glasgow or Blantyre score, fundus examination and parasitaemia. For statistical analysis, we used the software R 3.3.0, Chi2, exact of Fisher or Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests with a significance P<5%. RESULTS: Out of the 178 children hospitalized during the study period, 44 had neuro-malaria (24.71%) and 26 (46 diseased eyes) among them presented retinal lesions at a frequency of 14.60%. The mean age was 5.54±3.49 years with a sex ratio of 1.09. The under 5-years-old were the most affected with 31 (70.45%) cases. The fundus lesions of 26 (59.09%) were retinal hemorrhages in 24 (54.54%), retinal whitening and vessel discoloration in 8 (18.18%) respectively. Papillary edema was associated in 4 (9.09%). Macular involvement was noted in 9 cases. These lesions were correlated with age, depth of coma, duration, and clinical course. The rate of parasitaemia did not affect their occurrence. CONCLUSION: Retinal lesions are frequent and serious during neuro-malaria in our environment, especially in children under five. They must therefore be an emphasis in the systematic exam to rule it out for a better prognostic evaluation and a fast and adequate multidisciplinary management.

[Meibomian glands dysfunction and ocular surface in black people]. / Dysfonctionnement des glandes de Meibomius et surface oculaire du sujet âgé mélanoderme.

Meibomian gland dysfunction is the leading cause of evaporative-type dry eye syndrome. Our goal was to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of meibomian gland dysfunction as well as its impact on the ocular surface in elderly black patients in Cameroon. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis from January 2 through May 31, 2017 in the ophthalmology department of Laquintinie Hospital in Douala, including blacks aged 50 years and older. The examination focused on the Meibomian glands, Tear film Break Up Time and Schirmer I test for qualitative and quantitative assessment of tears. The relationship between the quantitative and qualitative variables and meibomian gland dysfunction was determined by linear regression tests. RESULTS: We enrolled 340 elderly black patients. The mean age was 62±9 years. The prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction was 71.8 % and did not increase with age. The hypoproductive clinical form was the most frequent (47.9 %). The prevalence of asymptomatic Meibomian gland dysfunction was 19.7 %. Evaporative dry eye disease was the most frequent (34.7 %). Aside from advanced age, Meibomian gland dysfunction was associated with high blood pressure (P=0.020), cataract surgery (P=0.034), long-term glaucoma medication (P=0.041) and alcohol consumption (P=0.043). CONCLUSION: Meibomian gland dysfunction is very common in elderly black patients in Cameroon.

[Characteristics of post-traumatic blindness at the Yaoundé Army Training, Application and Referral Hospital]. / Caractéristiques de la cécité post-traumatique à l'hôpital d'instruction, d'application et de référence des armées de Yaoundé.

PURPOSE: To study the characteristics of blindness after ocular trauma. METHODOLOGY: In this retrospective descriptive study, we considered the files of patients who had consulted the service for ocular trauma between January 2008 and December 2014. Included were patients of both sexes and all ages whose monocular or binocular vision with best optical correction was strictly below 1/20. Statistical analysis was performed with EPI Info version 3.5.4 software, and the Chi2 test was used with statistically significant values of P≤0.05. RESULTS: Over the period from 2008 to 2014, we found 100 cases of blindness (101 eyes) resulting from 591 cases of ocular trauma, for a frequency of 16.92 %. Among them, 75 men with a median age of 35.5±19.8 years. Children younger than 15 years accounted for 11 % of the series. The blindness was monocular in 99 % and binocular in 1 %, distributed as follows: 55 cases (55 %) category V, 27 (27 %) category IV and 18 (18 %) category III according to the CIM-10. In the anterior segment, cataract was responsible for category III and IV blindness, while in the posterior segment, retinal detachment was found in all categories. In all age ranges irrespective of sex, category V blindness was most frequent. CONCLUSION: Blindness following ocular trauma is frequent in our context. It can be avoided. Consequently, it is essential to put in place strategies for prevention of ocular trauma via education of the population through public awareness campaigns.

[What is the cost of treatment of diabetic retinopathy by argon laser in Yaoundé?] / Quel coût pour le traitement de la rétinopathie diabétique par laser argon à Yaoundé ?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the total cost of treatment of diabetic retinopathy by argon laser for a patient when indicated. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Prospective cross-sectional and descriptive survey, carried out in the angiography and laser center of the Yaoundé Central Hospital from October 2014 to October 2015. All consecutive diabetic patients with retinopathy and suitable indication for argon laser treatment were included. The costs related to the initial and final fluorescein angiography, the appointment for follow-up, round-trip transportation costs from the patient's home and the cost of laser treatment were included. RESULTS: Included were 43 (13 %) patients out of 330 with diabetic retinopathy. The mean age was 55.67±8.40years. There were 25 women (58.1 %) and 18 men (41.9 %) for a M/F ratio of 0.7. Unemployed patients were represented by 28 (65.1 %) versus 15 employed (34.9 %). Twenty-seven patients (62.8 %) were self-pay for all their expenses, 14 (32.6 %) were assisted by their families, and 2 (4.6 %) were insured. On average, the total expenditure was 86002±67197 f CFA per eye, corresponding to 131±102 euros with an exchange rate of 1 euro for 656 f CFA. CONCLUSION: The cost of treatment of diabetic retinopathy by argon laser is high, mostly increased by the additional costs related to transportation in our area. The creation of satellite centers in the 10 regions of Cameroon would reduce these costs.

[What about tropical endemic vernal keratoconjunctivitis? Which relationship with intestinal parasites?] / Que savons-nous de la limboconjonctivite endémique des tropiques ? Et quel rapport avec les parasites intestinaux ?

Given the causative parasite hypothesis for tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis (TELC), we conducted an analytical case-control study of all children with tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis seen in the ophthalmology department of Laquintinie hospital in Douala during the period from January 2nd to April 30, 2015. RESULTS: We identified 64 cases of tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis out of 550 children seen; a hospital prevalence of 11.6%; thirteen cases (eight boys and five girls) did not meet inclusion criteria, and 51 cases were included, 31 boys (60.8%) and 20 girls (39.2%) with a male/female (M/F) sex-ratio of 1.41. For controls, we included 28 males (54.9%) and 23 girls (45.1%) for a M/F sex-ratio of 1.22. The prevalence of tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis in boys was 12.1%, and for girls it was 7.1% in the case group. Stage II was the most frequent at 29 cases (56.9%), as well as the mixed form at 31 cases (60.8%). The frequency of intestinal parasites was 14 cases (27.5%) in the group of tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis patients and 6 cases (11.8%) in the control group (P=0.08). Entamoeba histolytica in its cystic form was the most intestinal parasite found in both groups, 10 cases for tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis (19.6%) and 6 cases in the control groups (11.8%). The mean serum IgE among cases was 81.2 IU/ml, while in the controls it was 15.6 IU/ml (P=0.001) CONCLUSION: There is no relationship between intestinal parasitic infection and the occurrence of tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis.

Epidémiologie et clinique des occlusions veineuses rétiniennes en milieu hospitalier camerounais

But. Décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques des occlusions veineuses rétiniennes en milieu hospitalier camerounais. Patients et Méthodes. Cette étude transversale descriptive a porté sur 5055 dossiers de patients diabétiques examinés de Janvier 2010 à Décembre 2015 au Centre de Référence de Rétine pour la Prévention et de Prise en Charge de la Rétinopathie Diabétique de Yaoundé. Les variables étudiées incluaient l'œil atteint, la topographie des lésions, le type d'occlusion et les principaux facteurs de risque. Résultats. Soixante dix cas (72 yeux) d'occlusions veineuses rétiniennes ont été observés, soit une prévalence hospitalière de 1,38%. L'âge moyen des patients était de 61± 5,6 ans et le sex ratio de 1,33. L'œil droit était atteint dans 43 (62,26 %) cas. L'occlusion était de branche veineuse dans 44 (61,10 %) yeux et centrale dans 28 (38,88 %). Le type œdémateux prédominait avec 38 (54,90%) cas suivi de l'ischémique avec 27 (37,59 %) et du mixte avec 5 (7,48 %) cas. Les facteurs de risque étaient principalement l'hypertension artérielle avec 15 (21,42 %) cas, le diabète de type 2 avec 12 (17,14 %) et l'hypertonie avec 10 (14,28 %). Conclusion. Les occlusions veineuses rétiniennes sont fréquentes et devraient faire l'objet d'une recherche étiologique systématique pour chacun des cas dans notre milieu

Connaissances et attitudes relatives à la cataracte dans une population rurale au Mali

But. Évaluer les connaissances et les attitudes dans une population rurale au Mali en ce qui concerne la cataracte. Patients et méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive pendant une période de 10 jours au cours d'une campagne de soins ophtalmologiques dans la localité de Baguinéda, commune rurale située à 30 km de Bamako (Mali). Etaient inclus, les personnes âgées de 16 ans et plus. Les questions relatives aux connaissances et aux attitudes vis-à-vis de la cataracte leur étaient posées. Les connaissances et les attitudes devant une cataracte ont été corrélées aux paramètres comme l'âge, le sexe, la profession et le niveau d'instruction. Résultats. Au total, 552 personnes ont participé à l'étude. Leur âge moyen était de 46,1 ans ± 16,5 et le sex-ratio Homme/Femme de 1,38. Près de la moitié (45,65%) était sans emploi et la majorité (62,7%) analphabète. Dans 83,7 % de cas, les patients avaient des connaissances justes sur la cataracte. Vingt-quatre (4,3%) patients savent que le traitement est chirurgical et 242 (43,8%) pensent que le traitement est traditionnel. L'âge, le sexe et le niveau d'instruction étaient significativement liés à la connaissance de la cataracte. Conclusion. la connaissance de la cataracte dans la localité de Baguineda, en milieu rural au Mali est satisfaisante tandis que les attitudes sur sa prise en charge restent insatisfaisantes. Les stratégies de sensibilisation sont indispensables afin de réduire le taux de cécité au sein de ces populations défavorisées

Expériences visuelles au cours de la chirurgie de la cataracte sous anesthésie péribulbaire

But. Décrire les expériences visuelles des patients au cours de la chirurgie de la cataracte sous anesthésie péribulbaire. Patients et méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude transversale pendant une période d'un mois au CHU-IOTA (Bamako). Étaient inclus les adultes opérés de la cataracte sous anesthésie péribulbaire sans sédation. Les patients étaient interrogés 1 à 4 heures après l'intervention sur les sensations visuelles de l'œil opéré, durant la chirurgie. Résultats. Deux cent sept (207) patients (105 hommes et 102 femmes) ont été retenus. Leur âge moyen était de 62,94 ans ± 12,5. L'acuité visuelle préopératoire des patients était comprise entre 1/10 et la perception lumineuse. Cent cinquante-huit (76,3%) patients ont rapporté des phénomènes visuels observés pendant l'intervention. Il s'agissait de la lumière (rapportée par 76,3% de patients), des couleurs (31,9%), des instruments (22,7%), des doigts du chirurgien (25,1%), de l'eau (27,1%) et des mouvements vagues (19,8%). Parmi eux, 38% étaient effrayés par ces sensations visuelles. Conclusion. Plus de trois-quarts de patients ont des expériences visuelles au cours de la chirurgie de la cataracte sous anesthésie péribulbaire. Certains sont effrayés par ces phénomènes visuels. Il est important de faire un counseling préopératoire approprié afin de réduire le stress des patients

Profil des traumatismes oculo - palpébraux en zone d'insécurité à l'extrême Nord du Cameroun

Buts. Établir le profil épidémiologique et clinique des traumatisés oculaires et ou palpébraux victimes de la guerre qui oppose l'État du Cameroun à la secte terroriste Boko Haram dans la région de l'Extrême Nord. Patients et Méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive de Janvier 2015 à Juin 2016 sur les lieux de conflit et à l'Hôpital d'Instruction, d'Application et de Référence des Armées de Yaoundé (HIARAY) de niveau 3. Les paramètres étudiés aussi bien pour les civils que pour les militaires portaient sur les données épidémiologiques et cliniques, les mécanismes lésionnels, la fonction visuelle. Pour les militaires, nous avons aussi évalué l'impact professionnel. Résultats. Pendant 18 mois, 24 cas de traumatismes oculaires et ou palpébraux ont été observés pour 29 yeux atteints. Quinze (62,50%) cas étaient des militaires et 9 (37,50%) des civils. La moyenne d'âge était de 29,29 ± 5,31 (extrêmes : 18 à 58) ans et le sex ratio de 7 H/F. Seize yeux étaient droits avec une acuité visuelle moyenne sans correction supérieure à 3/10 et 13 gauches à 4/10. Les principales lésions retrouvées étaient : les plaies palpébrales, 10 (34,48%) cas ; la cataracte, 5 (17,24%) ; les éclatements du globe, 5 (17,24%) ; les hémorragies intra oculaires, 5 (17,24%) ; les plaies de cornée, 5 (17,24%) et les corps étrangers intra oculaires, 4 (13,79%). Les explosions de mines artisanales (21/29), les accidents de circulation (06/29) et les armes à feu (02/29) étaient les mécanismes responsables. Dix-neuf personnes avaient une atteinte unilatérale et cinq une atteinte bilatérale. Le taux de cécité monoculaire était évalué à 37,92%, binoculaire à 6,89% soit 44,82% au total et celui de malvoyance à 62,06%. Les 15 militaires atteints ont été réformés. Conclusion. Les traumatismes oculaires en zone de conflit sont graves et dramatiques pour les personnes atteintes. Leur réparation par le chirurgien ophtalmologue est par ailleurs difficile. Des matériels de protection à type de casque avec visière et des lunettes balistiques permettraient d'en réduire la fréquence

[Epidemiological and clinical aspects of tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis in students in Yaoundé]. / Aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques de la limbo-conjonctivite endémique des tropiques en milieu scolaire à Yaoundé.

INTRODUCTION: TELC, tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis, is a keratoconjunctivitis seen more frequently in dry intertropical settings than humid ones. We aim to determine the epidemiologic and clinical profile of this condition in a city with a humid equatorial climate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During first third of 2014, we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in schools. Included were children aged 3-15 years who received parental consent. The selection was conducted in two steps. After an initial examination of children within the schools, the diagnosis was then confirmed by a complete ophthalmologic examination carried out in the hospital. For ethical clearance, the study received all necessary authorizations. The data were analyzed using the CSPro version 4.0 software in French and the comparison test used was χ2 with a confidence limit of 95 %. RESULTS: Out of 353 students examined, 129 were referred to the Yaoundé central hospital, among which 82 (23.2 %) were confirmed with TELC. The median age of the children diagnosed with TELC was 8.24+0.6 years. Boys (57.3 %) were affected more than girls. The age range of 6-12 years (64.6 %) was the most represented. A recrudescence of the attacks was observed during the dry season (93 %) of cases. Dust (49 %) and sun exposure (43 %) were aggravating factors. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of TELC observed in school in this study is significant.

[Ocular trauma in an urban Cameroonian setting: A study of 332 cases evaluated according to the Ocular Trauma Score]. / Les traumatismes oculaires en milieu urbain camerounais : à propos de 332 cas évalués selon l'Ocular Trauma Score.

PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of ocular trauma after evaluation with the ocular trauma score at the Army Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé, Cameroon. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective monocentric hospital study was carried out from January 2008 to December 2010. Our sample included all patients with ocular trauma. Each traumatized eye was evaluated using the ocular trauma score after measurement of visual acuity. The most severe diagnoses observed were classified according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology system. RESULTS: The frequency out of 364 eyes was 3.56%. There were 204 men (61.44%) with a male/female ratio of 1.59. The mean age was 32.95 years with predominance of 21-30 years. The most affected groups were laborers and craftsmen (28.61%), followed closely by students (23.80%), then armed forces personnel (19.58%). Fights were noted as the most common cause in 31.02% of cases. Punches predominated in 21.39% of cases. In 37.34% of cases, patients were seen within 72 hours of the trauma. Three hundred (90.36%) traumas were unilateral vs. 32 (9.64%) bilateral. The mean visual acuity at the first consultation was 0.3 logMAR. Grading after evaluation was as follows, 13 eyes were grade 1, 19 grade 2, 25 grade 3, 54 grade 4 and 253 grade 5. Fragile and exposed anatomical structures were the most commonly injured. Seventeen eyes exhibited elevated IOP (22 to 45) vs. 7 which were hypotonous. Two hundred and one (55.22%) oculo-palpebral contusions were noted, followed by 110 (30.22%) lacerations. Visual loss was reported in 16.20% and blindness in 8.79% of cases. CONCLUSION: In the emergent setting, a good, timely clinical evaluation of each case according to the ocular trauma score may lead to effective management.

[Keratouveitis and lens opacity caused by butterfly hair]. / Kerato-uveite et opacite du cristallin secondaire a un traumatisme oculaire par papillon: a propos d'un cas.

Butterfly hair is known to cause eye injury. In Africa, incriminated butterflies are Hylesia (spp). We report a case of a sub-epithelial keratitis associated with anterior uveitis following a trauma by a butterfly that was complicated by late lens opacity due to butterfly hair. Ocular lesions caused by butterfly hair are rare, but require an urgent management to prevent late and severe complications due to intraocular migration of the hairs.

[Ocular complications of HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: is there is any correlation with the level of CD4 lymphocytes count?]. / Complications oculaires de l'infection a VIH-SIDA en milieu Camerounais: y a-t-il une correlation avec le taux de CD4?

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the ocular complications of HIV/AIDS in Cameroon and to determine if there is any correlation between their occurrence and the level of CD4 lymphocytes count. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out at the General Hospital, Douala, from October 2004 to September 2005. All HIV positive patients with known CD4 count were retained for the study. Each patient had an exhaustive ocular examination. RESULTS: A total of 57 patients including 30 females (52.9%) and 27 males (47.4%) were examined. The mean age was 38.9 years +/- 10.3. The eye examination was pathological in 36 patients (63.2%) and normal in 21 patients (36.8%). An ocular complaint was the inaugural manifestation of the disease in 31.6% of patients. The principal lesions of the anterior segment were herpetic keratitis (10.5%) and herpes zoster ophthalmicus (12.3%). The most common posterior segment lesions were cytomegalovirus retinitis (14%) and uveitis (15.8%). The mean CD4 count in our series was 118.3/mm3 +/- 106.7. 91.7% of patients with ocular complications have a CD4 count of less than 200/mm3. A non linear correlation was found between the CD4 level and the occurrence of ocular complications. CONCLUSION: With the improvement of access to antiretroviral treatment, the ocular complications of HIV/AIDS are more common. The role of the ophthalmologist is therefore essential in the diagnosis and management of these patients.