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1.
CJEM ; 24(3): 268-272, 2022 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35258819

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid hemorrhage has been traditionally ruled-out in the emergency department (ED) through computed tomography (CT) followed by lumbar puncture if indicated. Mounting evidence suggests that non-contrast CT with CT angiography (CTA) can safely rule-out subarachnoid hemorrhage and obviate the need for lumbar puncture, but adoption of this approach is hindered by concerns of identifying incidental aneurysms. This study aims to estimate the incidence of incidental aneurysms identified on CTA head and neck in an ED population. METHODS: This was a health records review of all patients ≥ 18 years who underwent CTA head and neck for any indication at four large urban tertiary care EDs over a 3 month period. Patients were excluded if they underwent CT venogram only, had previously documented intracranial aneurysms, or had intracranial hemorrhage with or without aneurysm. Imaging reports were reviewed by two independent physicians before extracting relevant demographic (age, sex), clinical (CTAS level, CEDIS primary complaint) and radiographic (number, size, and location of aneurysms) information. The incidence rate of incidental aneurysms was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 1089 CTA studies were reviewed with a 3.3% (95% CI 2.3-4.6) incidence of incidental intracranial aneurysms. The median size of incidental aneurysms was 4 mm (0.7-11) and 10 (27.7%) patients had multiple aneurysms. Patients with incidental aneurysms did not differ based on mean age, sex, and CTAS levels. CONCLUSIONS: The "risk" of discovering an incidental aneurysm is 3.3%. Clinicians should not be deterred from using CTA in the appropriate clinical settings. These estimates can inform shared decision-making conversations with patients when comparing subarachnoid hemorrhage rule-out options.


RéSUMé: CONTEXTE: L'hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne (HSA) a été traditionnellement exclue au service des urgences (SU) par tomodensitométrie cérébrale (TDM) suivie d'une ponction lombaire si indiquée. Des preuves de plus en plus nombreuses suggèrent que la tomographie sans contraste avec l'angiographie par tomodensitométrie (l'angio-TDM) permet d'exclure en toute sécurité les HSA et d'éviter la ponction lombaire, mais l'adoption de cette approche est entravée par les craintes d'identifier des anévrismes accidentels. Cette étude vise à estimer l'incidence des anévrismes accidentels identifiés par l'angiographie de la tête et du cou dans une population d'urgences. MéTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude des dossiers médicaux de tous les patients âgés de ≥ 18 ans qui ont subi une angioplastie de la tête et du cou, quelle qu'en soit l'indication, dans quatre grands services d'urgence urbains de soins tertiaires sur une période de trois mois. Les patients étaient exclus s'ils n'avaient subi qu'une phlébographie par tomodensitométrie, s'ils avaient déjà eu des anévrismes intracrâniens documentés ou s'ils avaient eu une hémorragie intracrânienne avec ou sans anévrisme. Les rapports d'imagerie ont été examinés par deux médecins indépendants avant d'extraire les informations démographiques pertinentes (âge, sexe), cliniques (niveau CTAS, plainte primaire CEDIS) et radiographiques (nombre, taille et emplacement des anévrismes). Le taux d'incidence des anévrismes accidentels a été calculé. RéSULTATS: Un total de 1089 études angio-TDM ont été examinées avec une incidence de 3,3 % (IC à 95 % : 2,3-4,6) d'anévrismes intracrâniens accidentels. La taille médiane des anévrismes fortuits était de 4 mm (plage : 0,7-11) et 10 (27,7 %) patients présentaient des anévrismes multiples. Les patients présentant des anévrismes accidentels ne différaient pas en fonction de l'âge moyen, du sexe et des niveaux CTAS. CONCLUSIONS: Le « risque ¼ de découvrir un anévrisme fortuit est de 3,3 %. Les cliniciens ne doivent pas être dissuadés d'utiliser l'angio-TDM dans les contextes cliniques appropriés. Ces estimations peuvent éclairer les conversations de prise de décision partagée avec les patients lors de la comparaison des options d'exclusion de l'HSA.


Subject(s)
Intracranial Aneurysm , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Computed Tomography Angiography , Emergency Service, Hospital , Humans , Incidence , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Aneurysm/epidemiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
2.
Emotion ; 13(3): 434-449, 2013 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23398579

ABSTRACT

We present a cross-cultural study on the performance and perception of affective expression in music. Professional bowed-string musicians from different musical traditions (Swedish folk music, Hindustani classical music, Japanese traditional music, and Western classical music) were instructed to perform short pieces of music to convey 11 emotions and related states to listeners. All musical stimuli were judged by Swedish, Indian, and Japanese participants in a balanced design, and a variety of acoustic and musical cues were extracted. Results first showed that the musicians' expressive intentions could be recognized with accuracy above chance both within and across musical cultures, but communication was, in general, more accurate for culturally familiar versus unfamiliar music, and for basic emotions versus nonbasic affective states. We further used a lens-model approach to describe the relations between the strategies that musicians use to convey various expressions and listeners' perceptions of the affective content of the music. Many acoustic and musical cues were similarly correlated with both the musicians' expressive intentions and the listeners' affective judgments across musical cultures, but the match between musicians' and listeners' uses of cues was better in within-cultural versus cross-cultural conditions. We conclude that affective expression in music may depend on a combination of universal and culture-specific factors.


Subject(s)
Auditory Perception/physiology , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Culture , Emotions/physiology , Music/psychology , Adult , Cues , Female , Humans , India , Japan , Judgment , Male , Social Perception , Sweden
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