ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Human rhinovirus (HRV) is one of the most common human viral pathogens related to infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, which can result in bronchiolitis and pneumonia. However, the relevance of HRV in human health was under-estimated for long time due to the absence of molecular targets for influenza and influenza-like syndrome surveillance in Brasília, Brazil. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of HRV infections in comparison with patients without HRV and other common respiratory viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this purpose, new specific primer sets were designed based on the high throughput sequencing analysis in previous study. These primers were used for HRV detection by RT-qPCR and Sanger sequencing of amplified cDNA of 5' genomic region. The phylogenetic tree with representative HRV isolates was constructed using the Mega X software. Statistical analysis considering the patient profiles were performed using IBM SPSS program with non-parametric tests. RESULTS: The most prevalent virus in negative samples was rhinovirus (n = 40), including three rhinovirus species (rhinovirus A, B, and C). The odds ratio associated with HRV infection was 2.160 for patients younger than 2 years and 4.367 for people living in rural areas. The multiple analysis showed lower chance of patients with HRV presenting respiratory distress. CONCLUSION: In this study, it was reported the predominance of rhinoviruses in cases of respiratory illness for negative patients for the influenza and influenza-like syndrome surveillance, being rhinorrhea, the most significant symptom associated with the disease.
Subject(s)
Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology , Picornaviridae Infections/virology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Rhinovirus/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Phylogeny , Picornaviridae Infections/diagnosis , Rhinovirus/classification , Rhinovirus/pathogenicity , Viruses/classification , Viruses/genetics , Viruses/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and DNA image cytometry (DNA-ICM) status for identifying high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse (≥CIN2). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in women undergoing follow-up procedure after a previous abnormal cervical cytology. Cervical cells were collected for HPV detection and DNA ploidy measurement. Biopsy samples were taken for histological confirmation. Sensitivity and specificity values for ≥CIN2 detection with HR-HPV and DNA-ICM were determined. RESULTS: HR-HPV was present in 74.5% of the women. The most frequent HPV infection was HPV 16, followed by HPV 31, 33 and 58. Aneuploidy was observed in 60.6% of all cases. Referral cytology revealed 78.0% sensitivity and 68.6% specificity for detecting a ≥CIN2 lesion. The HR-HPV test alone showed 92.7% sensitivity, albeit it was not statistically different from DNA-ICM (88.1%, P > .05). Positivity for HPV or DNA-ICM resulted in 100% sensitivity. Higher specificity was observed for the combination of HR-HPV and DNA-ICM (88.6%), with no difference from DNA-ICM alone (85.7%, P > .05). CONCLUSION: DNA-ICM or HR-HPV positivity identified all cases of ≥CIN2 in women undergoing follow-up procedure after a previous abnormal cervical cytology. Routine cervical cancer screening could be improved by the incorporation of DNA-ICM as a complementary method to primary screening to identify which women need closer follow-up.
Subject(s)
Alphapapillomavirus/genetics , DNA, Viral/genetics , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cytological Techniques , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Female , Humans , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Pregnancy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathologyABSTRACT
Little data exists concerning the efficacy of the antiretroviral therapy in the Federal District in Brazil, therefore in order to improve HIV/AIDS patients' therapy and to pinpoint hot spots in the treatment, this research work was conducted. Of 139 HIV/AIDS patients submitted to the highly active antiretroviral therapy, 12.2% failed virologically. The significant associated factors related to unresponsiveness to the lentiviral treatment were: patients' place of origin (OR = 3.28; IC95% = 1.0-9.73; P = 0.032) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (RR = 2.90; IC95% = 1.19-7.02; P = 0.019). In the logistic regression analysis, the remaining variables in the model were: patients' birthplace (OR = 3.28; IC95% = 1.10-9.73; P = 0.032) and tuberculosis comorbidity (OR = 3.82; IC95% = 1.19-12.22; P = 0.024). The patients enrolled in this survey had an 88.0% therapeutic success rate for the maximum period of one year of treatment, predicting that T CD4(+) low values and elevated viral loads at pretreatment should be particularly considered in tuberculosis coinfection, besides the availability of new antiretroviral drugs displaying optimal activity both in viral suppression and immunological reconstitution.
