Male Gender and Body Mass Index Are Associated With Hypertension and Reduced Kidney Function 5 or More Years After Living Kidney Donation.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate renal function and to explore the relationship between some risk factors in kidney donors 12.37 ± 7.60 years after donation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study conducted in a transplant unit, 77 nephrectomized subjects were assessed ≥5 years after donation to evaluate their renal function and the presence or absence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and microalbuminuria. RESULTS: Twenty donors had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Nine donors showed urinary albumin excretion of >20 µg/min (11.68%). Subjects with an EGFR of <60 mL/min were predominantly male and hypertensive and showed higher body mass index (BMI), higher uric acid, higher total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C), and logarithm of triglycerides/HDL-C (log TG/HDL-C) ratios than donors with an EGFR of >60 mL/min. Hypertensive donors were older and had higher BMI, higher UA serum values, higher TC/HDL-C and log TG/HDL-C ratios and microalbuminuria than nonhypertensive donors (P < .005). A multivariate analysis was conducted and, after final adjustment, a filtration rate of <60 mL/min was 3.05 times higher in men than women, increased 10% for each 1-unit increase in BMI and was positively associated with log (TG/HDL-C). The frequency of hypertension increased by 10% for each 1-unit increase in BMI and was positively associated with microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION: In this sample of kidney donors from a single transplant unit, ≥5 years after donation, male sex and high BMI were positively associated with the presence of kidney failure.

Localization of auxotrophic and benomyl resistance markers through the parasexual cycle in the beauveria bassiana (Bals.) vuill entomopathogen.

Genetic studies to localize auxotrophic markers and resistance to benomyl fungicide and to analyze gene transfer on the Beauveria bassiana deuteromycete were carried out using the parasexual cycle. Parasexual crosses among strains with complementary genetic markers resulted in vigorous heterocaryons. Selection of the segregant products was made using two methodologies: total isolation and parental elimination. Colonies with recombinant traits were recovered directly from the heterocaryon in all crosses, and no diploid colony was isolated. This shows the high instability of the diploid nucleus in this species. Among the parasexual segregant products preferential recovery of markers in one of the parental strains involved in the crosses was detected, probably because of an inhibition of conidiogenesis from one parental strain to another. Genetic markers were localized in four linkage groups by the parasexual crosses. In the first group markers nic4, nic3, thi2, bio3, ade2, ths2, and ben1R were localized; in the second, the marker met1; in the third, pab1; and in the fourth, bio1. The parental strain 196/A11/3 is a carrier of translocation among the linkage groups I and III.

High fluoride exposure in hemodialysis patients.

The observation of higher plasma flouride levels in our hemodialysis (HD) patients than our continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients (4.0 +/- 0.5 mumol/L [n = 17] v 2.5 +/- 0.3 mumol/L [n = 17], P less than 0.005) prompted an evaluation of fluoride metabolism during HD. We found that serum fluoride was completely ultrafiltrable across cuprophane membranes (99% +/- 4%) and that HD produced acute changes in plasma fluoride levels that correlated well with the fluoride gradient between plasma and dialysis fluid at the start of dialysis. Our HD fluids contained significantly higher fluoride concentrations than were present in commercially prepared peritoneal dialysis fluid. Our fluids are prepared from fluoridated tap water that is purified by reverse osmosis (RO). We conclude that the different concentrations of fluoride in our dialysis fluids account for the differences in the plasma flouride concentrations between our dialysis groups. Since many HD units rely on RO systems to purify fluoridated tap water, it is likely that many HD patients are being exposed inadvertently to increased concentrations of fluoride.