ABSTRACT
Patients undergoing hemodialysis are known to develop central venous occlusion and exhaust all options for vascular access to upper extremity sites; therefore, creating and maintaining vascular access is paramount in such patients. The present case report describes the condition of a 34-year-old woman with failed upper extremity access, frequent catheter-related issues, and multiple central venous occlusions. As a last resort, access to the lower extremity was pursued as follows: an inferior vena cava bypass was combined with a right femoral transposition fistula and a distal revascularization interval ligation procedure. This complex procedure that was carried out for the purpose of vascular access is a unique, albeit aggressive, surgical solution that resulted in autologous vascular access with a 6-month patency and also served to improve the quality of life in the seemingly hopeless case.
Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation , Femoral Vein/surgery , Iliac Vein/surgery , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Renal Dialysis , Vena Cava, Inferior/surgery , Adult , Female , Humans , Ligation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Creation and preservation of dialysis access in patients with central venous occlusive disease (CVOD) is a complex problem. The surgical approach and decision-making process remains poorly defined. We evaluated our experience in the surgical management of hemodialysis-related CVOD. Surgical technique, demographics, complications, reinterventions, access function rates, and factors influencing morbidity and mortality were examined. METHODS: From January 2006 to May 2010, we performed a total of 1,703 dialysis access-related procedures, 1,021 arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), 335 arteriovenous grafts (AVGs), and 314 access revisions including endovascular salvage procedures. Seventeen patients (10 women [58%] with a mean age of 44 ± 27 years) with CVOD who were not suitable for peritoneal dialysis or kidney transplant underwent 20 complex vascular access procedures. The indications were need for access creation in 14 cases (70%) and preservation in the remaining 6 (30%). Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was used for all surgical bypass grafts (BPG). All patients had previously undergone multiple access surgeries and had failed percutaneous interventions for CVOD. RESULTS: The surgical planning centered on finding venous outflow for an arteriovenous (AV) access; central venous reconstructions were necessary in 10 (50%) cases (seven [35%] in the thoracic central venous system and three [15%] in infradiaphragmatic vessels) and extracavitary venous BPG in two (10%) cases. Non-venous access options included axillary arterial-arterial chest wall BPG in five (25%) cases and brachial artery to right atrium BPG in three (15%). Technical success was achieved in all cases (100%). Mean follow-up was 14.1 months, both BPG and AV access patency rates were 66% at 6 months and overall average AV access function time was 9.2 months. Of these, 85% of patients were discharged home and following 19 (95%) cases they returned or improved their baseline functional status. One death occurred from multiorgan failure during the 30-day postoperative period. Four additional patients died within 3 years of the procedure secondary to nonsurgical-related comorbidities. CONCLUSION: The need for complex vascular accesses will continue as the number of patients with end-stage renal disease increases. CVOD is an access surgical challenge and with this article we propose a decision-making algorithm.
Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Renal Dialysis , Vascular Diseases/surgery , Adult , Aged , Algorithms , Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/adverse effects , Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/mortality , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/mortality , Constriction, Pathologic , Female , Graft Occlusion, Vascular/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Selection , Phlebography/methods , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Texas , Time Factors , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Vascular Diseases/etiology , Vascular Diseases/mortality , Vascular Diseases/physiopathology , Vascular Patency , Young AdultABSTRACT
Spontaneous aneurysmal regression is a rare event, having been observed only in association with arteritides or immunosuppression following solid-organ transplantation. In particular, the spontaneous regression of an aortic aneurysm, to our knowledge, has never been documented. We report a case of a 46-year-old, HIV-positive, African-American man who developed an asymptomatic juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm, which significantly regressed over a 6-month period in the absence of arteritides or systemic immunosuppressive therapy. This case describes the spontaneous regression of an inflammatory AAA in an HIV-positive patient. Further studies will be required to determine if this was an isolated occurrence or if it occurs with any frequency in specific patient populations.
