Subject(s)
Cocaine , Sex Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Violence , Adult , Crime , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
This article examines the drug relatedness of violent events reported by White, Black, and Hispanic male and female street drug users from New York City. The primary purpose is to determine if the drugs-violence relationship varies for these different populations of drug abusers. Drug relatedness is assessed according to a tripartite conceptual model of the general relationship between drugs and violence. Significant race/ethnicity and gender differences were found in regard to the number of violent events manifesting specific drug-related dimensions of violence, the drugs associated with these violent events, and the primary reasons for the occurrence of these events. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Subject(s)
Minority Groups , Substance-Related Disorders/ethnology , Violence , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , New York City , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Ethnographic field stations are not a substitute for traditional ethnography, because they provide an "unnatural" setting for research interaction and observation to take place. However, they do provide perhaps the optimal setting for qualitative and quantitative methodologies to be undertaken in a single research effort. In this sense, they are critically important for advancing our knowledge about drug abusers and their behaviors.
Subject(s)
Ethnology/organization & administration , Research/organization & administration , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Ethnology/methods , Ethnology/standards , Humans , Interviews as Topic/methods , Professional-Patient Relations , Research/standards , Research Design , Substance-Related Disorders/ethnology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Theft , ViolenceABSTRACT
In this paper the nature, scope, and drug relatedness of violent events reported by a sample of methadone maintenance treatment clients is examined and compared with events reported by a sample of drug abusers not in treatment. The drug relatedness of events is ascertained according to a tripartite model of the drugs-violence relationship. Data derive from a study of the drugs-violence nexus among male drug users and distributors who lived in or frequented the lower east side of Manhattan. Among the major findings were that while events reported by the treatment group were less likely than those reported by the not-in-treatment group to be related to heroin, total alcohol and cocaine related dimensions of violence were similar for the two groups. There was no difference between these groups in terms of the proportion of events that were drug related or the proportion of drug related events that could be attributed to each of the three posited models of drug relatedness. The implications of our findings are discussed.
Subject(s)
Heroin Dependence/rehabilitation , Methadone/therapeutic use , Violence , Adult , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Heroin Dependence/psychology , Ill-Housed Persons/psychology , Humans , Life Style , Male , Social EnvironmentSubject(s)
Homicide , Observer Variation , Adult , Aged , Family , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , New York City , Substance-Related Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
In brief: In this study shoes, floor types, and individual physical differences were evaluated for their effects on aerobic dance injuries. The injury frequency was 75.9% for instructors and 43.3% for students. The shin was the most common site of injury in both groups. Overall, 60% of the injuries in the student group and 52% of injuries in the instructor group occurred below the knee. Most injuries were not debilitating, and few required medical treatment. The authors concluded that resilient but stable floor surfaces, proper shoes, and moderating the frequency of participation can prevent injuries in aerobic dance.
