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1.
Nurs Sci Q ; 34(4): 440-447, 2021 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34538171

ABSTRACT

If healthcare professionals wish to provide healthcare that protects patients' values and preferences, it is necessary to find a way to systematically implement the Advance-Care Planning process. The purpose of this article is to review the literature and present a theoretical model of Advance-Care Planning implementation through the Nursing Process.


Subject(s)
Advance Care Planning , Nursing Process , Health Personnel , Humans , Nursing Homes
2.
Cuad. bioét ; 31(102): 167-182, mayo-ago. 2020.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-194276

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo presento una reflexión sobre el modo de conciliar los esfuerzos por combatir la pandemia de la COVID-19 con la salvaguarda de los derechos humanos, desde una perspectiva bioética. Para ello desarrollo tres puntos: el marco normativo que justifica la restricción o suspensión de derechos ante amena-zas graves para la salud pública; las declaraciones de los comités internacionales de bioética sobre el modo en que se deben proteger los derechos humanos durante la crisis de salud pública que vivimos; y un repaso de los principales derechos amenazados tanto por la crisis de salud pública como por los medios adoptados para combatirla. Antes de entrar en cada uno de esos puntos, ofrezco una nota preliminar para esclarecer determinados conceptos jurídicos y subrayar la necesidad de superar los planteamientos disyuntivos en la consideración de los derechos humanos


In this paper present, from a bioethical perspective, a reflection on how to reconcile efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic with the safeguard of human rights. To do this, I develop three points. First, the regulatory framework that justifies the restriction or suspension of rights in the face of serious threats to public health. Second, the declarations of the international bioethics committees on the way in which human rights should be protected during public health crisis. And third, a review of the main rights threatened both by the public health crisis and by the means adopted to combat it. Before going into each of these points, I offer a preliminary note to clarify certain legal concepts and underline the need to overcome disjunctive approaches in considering human rights


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics/trends , Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Pandemics/ethics , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Delivery of Health Care/ethics , Communicable Disease Control/legislation & jurisprudence , 50207
3.
Index enferm ; 29(1/2): 46-50, ene.-jun. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-197426

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL: Identificar los principales problemas bioéticos suscitados al proporcionar cuidados de enfermería durante la pandemia de Covid-19. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión de la literatura sobre bioética de las pandemias y de las respuestas propuestas por organismos nacionales e internacionales con competencia sobre cuestiones bioéticas. RESULTADOS PRINCIPALES: Se identificaron problemas bioéticos en las siguientes áreas: el autocuidado de la enfermera en un contexto de alta contagiosidad; la priorización en la distribución de recursos insuficientes; y la defensa de los derechos del paciente. CONCLUSIÓN PRINCIPAL: Si bien se pueden obtener algunas respuestas a los mencionados desafíos a partir de las fuentes empleadas en este trabajo, resulta necesario un mayor análisis de cada uno de los problemas bioéticos identificados para hallar las respuestas correctas para el momento actual y en futuros escenarios análogos que puedan presentarse


OBJECTIVE: To identify the main bioethical problems raised by providing nursing care during the Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS: Review of the literature on bioethics of pandemics and the responses offered by national and international organizations with competence on bioethical issues. RESULTS: Bioethical problems were identified in the following areas: nurse self-care in a highly contagious context; prioritization in the distribution of insufficient resources; and the defense of the patient's rights. CONCLUSION: Although some answers to the mentioned challenges have been offered from the sources used in the document, it is necessary to further analyze each of the bioethical problems identified, to find the correct answers for the present moment and in future similar scenarios that may occur


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Care/ethics , Pandemics/ethics , Coronavirus Infections/nursing , Pneumonia, Viral/nursing , Nurse-Patient Relations/ethics , Pandemics/prevention & control , Patient Rights , Quality of Health Care/ethics
4.
Cuad. bioét ; 30(100): 237-252, sept.-dic. 2019.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-185238

ABSTRACT

En 2003 Ruth Macklin publicó un breve trabajo cuestionando la utilidad del concepto "dignidad humana". Desde entonces se mantiene vivo el debate, si bien en el mundo del Derecho, la ética y la práctica clínica se sigue recurriendo a ese concepto con toda normalidad. En el punto de mira de esa crítica estaba la bioética de Leon Kass, construida sobre el concepto de dignidad y sostenida en una metodología narrativa. En homenaje a Leon Kass, en este trabajo me aproximo al concepto de dignidad desde una perspectiva literaria y centrándome en los cuidados de salud de enfermería, en los que resulta especialmente visible la utilidad del concepto de dignidad humana


In 2003 Ruth Macklin published a short paper questioning the usefulness of the concept "human dignity". Since then the debate has been kept alive, although in the world of Law, ethics and clinical practice, this concept continues to be used normally. In the spotlight of that criticism was the bioethics of Leon Kass, built on the concept of dignity and sustained in a narrative methodology. In homage to Leon Kass, in this work I approach the concept of dignity from a literary perspective and focusing on nursing health care, in which the usefulness of the concept of human dignity is especially visible


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Gender Dysphoria , Therapeutics/ethics , Bioethics/trends , Ethics, Medical
5.
Cuad Bioet ; 30(100): 237-252, 2019.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31618587

ABSTRACT

In 2003 Ruth Macklin published a short paper questioning the usefulness of the concept ″human dignity. ″ Since then the debate has been kept alive, although in the world of Law, ethics and clinical practice, this concept continues to be used normally. In the spotlight of that criticism was the bioethics of Leon Kass, built on the concept of dignity and sustained in a narrative methodology. In homage to Leon Kass, in this work I approach the concept of dignity from a literary perspective and focusing on nursing health care, in which the usefulness of the concept of human dignity is especially visible.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care/ethics , Literature, Modern , Medicine in Literature , Nursing Care/ethics , Patient Rights/ethics , Personal Narratives as Topic , Personhood , Attitude of Health Personnel , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Compassion Fatigue/psychology , Dissent and Disputes , Empathy , Humans , Nurse-Patient Relations , Nurses/psychology , Poverty , Right to Die/ethics
6.
Cuad. bioét ; 28(93): 229-243, mayo-ago. 2017.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-163897

ABSTRACT

Desde hace dos años la sociedad española vive un intenso debate acerca de los aspectos éticos y jurídicos de la maternidad subrogada. Existe un amplio acuerdo acerca de los riesgos de explotación para la mujer que puede traer consigo la modalidad comercial de maternidad subrogada. Para conjurarlos, y permitir al mismo tiempo que las personas que no pueden gestar puedan ser padres/madres, se ha propuesto regular la modalidad altruista. A favor de esta posición se argumenta que, de igual manera que una persona dona desinteresadamente un órgano para ayudar a otra persona, se puede donar la capacidad de gestar para que otra persona vea realizado su deseo de tener un hijo. En este trabajo pongo en duda ambas consideraciones. Primera, no existe una verdadera analogía entre la donación de órganos y la maternidad subrogada altruista. Y segunda, si pensamos seriamente sobre posible regulaciones de la gestación altruista nos encontramos con problemas de difícil o imposible solución


Since two years ago Spanish public opinion is living an intense debate on the ethical and legal aspects about surrogacy. There is a shared concern about the risks of exploitation for women related to commercial surrogacy. To get rid of them, and make possible at the same time that people who is not able to gestate could become father/mother, it has been proposed to regulate altruistic surrogacy. In order to defend this proposal it is said that there is an analogy between altruistic organ donation and altruistic surrogacy: you can help a person in need giving an organ or your ability to gestate. In this paper I confront both considerations. First, there is not a real analogy between organ donation and altruistic surrogacy. And second, if we think seriously a possible regulation for altruistic surrogacy we will find many problems with difficult or impossible solutions


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Altruism , Surrogate Mothers/legislation & jurisprudence , Personhood , Reproductive Techniques/legislation & jurisprudence , Tissue and Organ Procurement/legislation & jurisprudence , Commerce/ethics , Parenting/trends
7.
Cuad Bioet ; 28(93): 229-243, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28621963

ABSTRACT

Since two years ago Spanish public opinion is living an intense debate on the ethical and legal aspects about surrogacy. There is a shared concern about the risks of exploitation for women related to commercial surrogacy. To get rid of them, and make possible at the same time that people who is not able to gestate could become father/mother, it has been proposed to regulate altruistic surrogacy. In order to defend this proposal it is said that there is an analogy between altruistic organ donation and altruistic surrogacy: you can help a person in need giving an organ or your ability to gestate. In this paper I confront both considerations. First, there is not a real analogy between organ donation and altruistic surrogacy. And second, if we think seriously a possible regulation for altruistic surrogacy we will find many problems with difficult or impossible solutions.


Subject(s)
Altruism , Bioethical Issues , Public Opinion , Surrogate Mothers/legislation & jurisprudence , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Spain
8.
Cuad Bioet ; 27(90): 223-39, 2016.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27637196

ABSTRACT

After discovering the CRISPR-Cas9 as an extraordinary method for Gene editing it is necessary to reflect on the ethical, political and legal impact of this technology. This work pretends to offer a preliminary consideration of these problems. I do not pay attention to the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 in the fields of health or environment, nor to all the ethical, legal and political challenges it involves. I principally focus the attention on the possibility of using CRISPR-Cas9 to alter the human germ line. There are some rulings on this topic delivered by intergovernmental organizations. There also are some statements from the scientific community on the matter. They are important in order to know the reasons why they propose a moratorium on the use of CRISPR-Cas9 for human germ line editing. I begin the paper with a short explanation on how CRISPR-Cas9 works.


Subject(s)
CRISPR-Cas Systems , Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats , Gene Editing/ethics , Gene Editing/legislation & jurisprudence , Genome, Human , Humans
9.
Cuad. bioét ; 27(90): 223-239, mayo-ago. 2016.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-155655

ABSTRACT

Tras el descubrimiento del CRISPR-Cas9 como un método extraordinario de edición genética es necesario llevar a cabo una reflexión sobre los aspectos éticos, políticos y legales de esta tecnología. Este trabajo pretende hacer una consideración preliminar de estos problemas. No trata de dar cuenta del potencial del CRISPR-Cas9 en el ámbito de la salud y el medio ambiente, ni de identificar todos los problemas éticos, jurídicos y políticos que puede traer consigo y, menos aún, darles una respuesta. Se centra en identificar los problemas de la aplicación del CRISPR-Cas9 a la línea germinal humana. Para ello, se hace referencia a la regulación internacional que le es aplicable en estos momentos y a la posición que los científicos están adoptando sobre su uso, que en su mayoría se inclinan por la moratoria. El trabajo comienza explicando brevemente en qué consiste el CRISPR-Cas9


After discovering the CRISPR-Cas9 as an extraordinary method for Gene editing it is necessary to reflect on the ethical, political and legal impact of this technology. This work pretends to offer a preliminary consideration of these problems. I do not pay attention to the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 in the fields of health or environment, nor to all the ethical, legal and political challenges it involves. I principally focus the attention on the possibility of using CRISPR-Cas9 to alter the human germ line. There are some rulings on this topic delivered by intergovernmental organizations. There also are some statements from the scientific community on the matter. They are important in order to know the reasons why they propose a moratorium on the use of CRISPR-Cas9 for human germ line editing. I begin the paper with a short explanation on how CRISPR-Cas9 works


Subject(s)
Humans , Genetic Techniques/ethics , Gene Expression Regulation , CRISPR-Cas Systems , Ethics, Research , Antibody Diversity , Ethics, Medical , Bioethics/trends
12.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 38(10): 658-667, oct. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-143469

ABSTRACT

Las vacunas son un instrumento extraordinario de inmunización de la población frente a las enfermedades infecciosas. En torno a ellas se plantean muchas cuestiones éticas. Una de las más debatidas es la que tiene que ver con la oposición de algunos colectivos a la vacunación de sus hijos. Los Estados han gestionado de maneras distintas el conflicto entre el deber de vacunar y la negativa a utilizarlas: unos imponen la vacunación y otros simplemente la promueven. En este artículo nos ocupamos de cuál de estos dos planteamientos es el más adecuado desde el punto de vista ético y jurídico. Al apostar por la segunda de las opciones, que es la vigente en España, proponemos algunas medidas que se deberían tener en cuenta para mejorar los programas de vacunación (AU)


Vaccines are an extraordinary instrument of immunization of the population against infectious diseases. Around them there are many ethical issues. One of the most debated is what to do with certain groups opposition to vaccination of their children. States have managed in different ways the conflict between the duty of vaccination and the refusal to use vaccines: some impose the vaccination and others simply promote it. In this article we deal with which of these two approaches is the most suitable from an ethical and legal point of view. We stand up for the second option, which is the current one in Spain, and we propose some measures which should be kept in mind to improve immunization programs (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Vaccines/immunology , Mass Vaccination/ethics , Mass Vaccination/legislation & jurisprudence , Mass Vaccination/nursing , Immunization Schedule , Immunization/ethics , Immunization/legislation & jurisprudence , Immunization/nursing , Immunization Programs/ethics , Immunization Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , Immunization Programs , Public Health , Informed Consent/standards , Public Administration/ethics , Public Administration/legislation & jurisprudence
14.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 38(5): 340-349, mayo 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-139933
17.
Cuad. bioét ; 25(85): 493-506, sept.-dic. 2014.
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-133089

ABSTRACT

If the prediction of some scientists comes true, then we are only few years away from the appearance of the first generation of human beings who will be able to add one year to each remaining year of life expectancy. Faced with this possibility, it seems appropriate to give thought to the public policies that should be adopted. It is better to anticipate the various future scenarios than react to a reality which is a fait accompli. To date, the debate has mainly focused on the ethical question: is it good or bad for us humans to achieve immortal life? Until now, neither legal guidelines at State level nor those of international organisations which deal with bioethical issues have concerned themselves with this matter. But before discussing policies, two other matters should be addressed: first, to show how the prolongation of human life can be as much the unwanted outcome of legitimate efforts in search of healthy aging, as one of the aims of the post-humanist project; second, to present the most consistent and shared ethical reasons for rejecting the human immortality project


Si el vaticinio de algunos científicos se llega a cumplir, nos quedan unos pocos años para que urja la primera generación de seres humanos que conseguirá incrementar un año de vida por año de esperanza de vida que le quede. Ante esta posibilidad, es conveniente pensar en las políticas que deberían adoptarse. Es mejor anticiparse a los diversos escenarios futuros que reaccionar ante realidades ya consumadas. Hasta el momento, el debate se ha centrado principalmente en la cuestión ética: ¿es bueno o malo para el ser humano alcanzar una vida inmortal? Ni las normas jurídicas de los Estados ni de los organismos internacionales que tratan de cuestiones bioéticas se han ocupado directamente de esta cuestión. Pero antes de hablar de políticas conviene tratar otros dos asuntos. Primero, mostrar cómo la prolongación de la vida humana puede ser tanto el resultado no buscado de los legítimos esfuerzos por conseguir un envejecimiento saludable, como una de las metas del proyecto posthumanista. Y segundo, presentar las razones éticas más consistentes y compartidas para rechazar el proyecto de inmortalidad humana


Subject(s)
Humans , Life Support Care/ethics , Biomedical Enhancement/ethics , Policy , Aging/ethics , Longevity/ethics , Humanism
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