ABSTRACT
Cisplatin and its derivatives are widely used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of many cancers, including hepatoblastoma, brain tumors, and germ-cell tumors. This therapy contributed to the dramatic increase in the survival rate. However, its use is restricted by the high incidence of irreversible ototoxicity associated with cisplatin application (in more than 60% of the children receiving it). Some studies have reported that genetic variants of TPMT (rs 12201199), COMT (rs4646316), and ABCC3 (rs 1051640) are conferring increased risk of developing cisplatin-induced hearing loss. However, in other studies the results were not replicated. In the present study, we replicated the previous studies based on an independent cohort of Russian patients. SNP genotypes for rs 12201199, rs4646316 and rs 1051640 were determined in DNA samples obtained from 16 patients who developed hearing loss and a group of 34 patients whose hearing was retained. The association between TPMT (rs 12201199), COMT (rs4646316), and ABCC3 (rs 1051640) variants and the hearing loss was not observed in our cohort.
Subject(s)
Catechol O-Methyltransferase/genetics , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Hearing Loss , Methyltransferases/genetics , Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/genetics , Female , Hearing Loss/chemically induced , Hearing Loss/genetics , Humans , Male , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pharmacogenomic Testing , RussiaSubject(s)
BRCA1 Protein/genetics , BRCA2 Protein/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Heterozygote , Mastectomy/methods , Mutation , Ovarian Neoplasms/prevention & control , Ovariectomy , Primary Prevention/methods , Salpingectomy , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Humans , Mastectomy/statistics & numerical data , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Ovariectomy/statistics & numerical data , Salpingectomy/statistics & numerical data , Survival RateABSTRACT
Thirty four patients with mucormycosis in 10 hospitals of St. Petersburg were observed in 2004-2013. The most frequent underlying diseases of mucormycosis were acute leukoses (64%). In 100% of the patients mucormycosis developed as a nosocomial infection. The risk factors, etiology, basic clinical signs and strategy in the treatment of mucormycosis were analyzed.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Cross Infection/microbiology , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/microbiology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/microbiology , Mucormycosis/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross Infection/complications , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Cross Infection/mortality , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Mucormycosis/complications , Mucormycosis/drug therapy , Mucormycosis/mortality , Prospective Studies , Rhizopus/drug effects , Rhizopus/growth & development , Rhizopus/isolation & purification , Risk Factors , Russia , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
An immunohistochemical study was made of 43 tumors from children, which were classified as small blue round cell tumors (13 neuroblastomas, 13 rhabdomyosarcomas, 14 Ewing sarcomas/PNET, 2 undifferentiated sarcoma, 1 rhabdoid tumor). The use of a wide panel of antibodies confirmed (in 74% of the cases) and corrected (in 26%) the diagnosis of a diversity of small cell sarcomas established by routine methods. In neuroblastoma, the occurrence of distal metastases was associated with the loss of nm 23 protein. Increase in CD44 expression was more frequently observed in neuroblastomas with favorable prognostic signs and embryonic rhabdosarcomas that are not accompanied by metastases. This needs further study.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis , Hyaluronan Receptors/biosynthesis , Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis , Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase , Sarcoma, Small Cell/pathology , Transcription Factors/biosynthesis , Adolescent , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Infant , Male , NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Sarcoma, Small Cell/metabolismSubject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use , Astrocytoma/drug therapy , Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy , Dacarbazine/analogs & derivatives , Dacarbazine/therapeutic use , Glioblastoma/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/administration & dosage , Astrocytoma/mortality , Brain Neoplasms/mortality , Brain Stem Neoplasms/drug therapy , Brain Stem Neoplasms/mortality , Cerebellar Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cerebellar Neoplasms/mortality , Child , Child, Preschool , Dacarbazine/administration & dosage , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Female , Glioblastoma/mortality , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Temozolomide , Time FactorsABSTRACT
AIM: Trial of the modified protocol BFM in the treatment of children with B-cell lymphomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 26 children with B-cell lymphoma were treated. Of them 2 children were treated according to the program for risk 2 group and 24 children were treated as risk 3 group. RESULTS: Complete remission was achieved in 23 patients. Two children were resistant. There were 2 cases of early recurrence, 1 case of early death, 1 case of death in remission. 20 patients are in complete remission. The 4-year survival is 78%. CONCLUSION: The modified protocol BFM proved to be highly effective against B-cell lymphoma in children. Its drawback is high toxicity.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy , Adolescent , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Lymphoma, B-Cell/complications , Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology , Male , Neoplasm Staging , Remission Induction , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
AIM: To define optimal time for transplantation of bone marrow (TBM) in children with hematological malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 allogenic TBMs were performed in children with acute myeloblastic leukemia (6 patients, 2 of them in recurrence), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (7 patients, 4 of them in recurrence), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in a chronic stage (3 patients), severe aplastic anemia (3 patients), generalized neuroblastoma (1 patient). Pretransplantation preparation included cyclophosphamide and busulphane or cyclophosphamide, busulphane and vepezide. The graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) was prevented with cyclosporin A plus methotrexate or cyclosporin A plus urbazone. Engrafting was recognized by change of karyotype and blood group. RESULTS: From 13 children with acute leukemia subjected to TBM in a complete remission 4(33%) are alive, 5 died within 100 days after TBM (TBM was made in recurrence in 4 children), 3 patients died of recurrence 12 months after TBM. One patient with CML and one with severe aplastic anemia remain in remission. The main complications and causes of death in early posttransplantation period were hemorrhagic syndrome, infectious complications, GVHR. According to a one-year follow-up, the recurrent disease caused death most frequently. CONCLUSION: Positive result of TBM is related to the disease stage at transplantation.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Transplantation , Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy , Adolescent , Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects , Bone Marrow Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Child , Child, Preschool , Hematologic Neoplasms/complications , Hematologic Neoplasms/mortality , Humans , Transplantation Conditioning , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
The age peak of neurogenic tumors of the mediastinum in children is from 2 to 7 years, malignant tumors being more frequently observed at the age before 2 years, benign tumors after 2 years of age. The method of choice in treatment of benign neurogenic tumors is operation. The selection of the method for treatment of malignant tumors depends on the stage of the disease: operative treatment is necessary for the I-II stages, the III-IV stages are better treated by radiation therapy and polychemotherapy. The survival of patients with mediastinum neuroblastomas made up 61.1%.
