ABSTRACT
MicroRNAs belong to small non-coding RNA which regulate gene expression via mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. MicroRNAs are active modulators of gene expression in the skin caused by exogenous factors including ultraviolet irradiation. These effects are realized by targeting transcription factors and signaling systems components. Changes in microRNAs levels started to register in a few hours after exposure to ultraviolet irradiation, wich confirms the presence of an effective fast processes in the scin cells that modulate the functional status of microRNAs. The reported recently ability of microRNAs to be transported by exosomes may be related to systemic effects of ultraviolet irradiation that include the altered immune response and systemic inflammatory reaction. Understanding these processes is important because of the possibility of purposeful influence on the expression and activity of a microRNA that may have implications for diagnosis and therapy of photodermatosis and malignant skin tumors.
Subject(s)
MicroRNAs/metabolism , Photosensitivity Disorders/metabolism , RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism , Skin Neoplasms/metabolism , Skin/metabolism , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects , Animals , Exosomes/metabolism , Exosomes/pathology , Humans , Photosensitivity Disorders/pathology , Photosensitivity Disorders/therapy , Signal Transduction/radiation effects , Skin/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
The pattern of CD99 expression in the skin was studied in 22 patients with disseminated psoriasis. The patients' skin biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically stained by the standard procedure using monoclonal antibodies to CD99. The progression of psoriasis was characterized by the increased expression of the protein in the dermis (lymphocytes and vascular endothelium) and epidermis (keratinocytes) with the antigen being located not only in the cytoplasm, but also in the membrane. In remission, the content of CD99-positive cells in the dermis and epidermis was significantly reduced with the prevalence of cytoplasmic localization in the epidermal keratinocytes. It is assumed that the expression of CD99 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, in the processes of emigration of leukocytes, and in their tropism toward to the epidermis.
Subject(s)
Antigens, CD/biosynthesis , Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis , Psoriasis/metabolism , Skin/metabolism , 12E7 Antigen , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Biopsy , Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism , Epidermis/immunology , Epidermis/metabolism , Epidermis/pathology , Female , Gene Expression Regulation , Humans , Keratinocytes/metabolism , Keratinocytes/pathology , Male , Psoriasis/immunology , Psoriasis/pathology , Skin/cytology , Skin/pathologyABSTRACT
Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme the activity of which is crucial for the protection against damage caused by reactive oxygen species. The -262C>T polymorphism in the promoter region of catalase gene was found to be associated with altered catalase levels. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells catalase activity was measured after H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress. C/T and T/T genotypes were associated with the decrease of catalase levels in contrast to C/C donors who had elevated catalase activity in the presence of 0.4 and 0.7 mM H(2)O(2). Genotype-dependent response of catalase activity to oxidative stress might be related to the predisposition of catalase mutant allele carriers to disorders mediated by oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Catalase/genetics , Oxidative Stress , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Adult , Alleles , Catalase/metabolism , Female , Genotype , Humans , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Young AdultABSTRACT
The content of LPO products (conjugated dienes, MDA) and products of oxidative modification of proteins (protein carbonyl derivatives) is reduced in tumor tissue in comparison with normal tissue and varies depending on the disease stage.
