[The level of middle mass molecules and lipid peroxidation in blood of patients with different forms of stroke]. / Issledovanie urovnia molekul srednei massy i protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v krovi bol'nykh s raznymi formami insul'ta.

To elucidate correlation between processes of lipid peroxidation (LP) and accumulation of peptides from the group of "middle molecules" (PMM) in blood, we made investigation of blood of 81 patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Gel-filtration column chromatography for PMM separation was performed. Divided fractions were registered with UV-monitor at wave length equal to 254 nm. The character of both spontaneous and Fe(2+)-induced chemiluminescence, the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD) were estimated. It was established that the level of LP processes was significantly increased in blood and erythrocytes of patients with stroke, especially in hemorrhagic form. The total content of PMM, especially of A and A4 fractions, as well as D and F fractions was almost twice as much in blood. A correlation was observed between accumulation of PMM in blood of patients with stroke and PL induction, that may be the factor of PMM generation. A conclusion was made, that accumulation of some PMM classes in blood of patients with strokes was related to LP processes, which were responsible for the severity of the secondary pathochemical alterations in tissues of the brain. These findings should be considered in elaboration of drug treatment and estimation of the disease prognosis.

[Structural changes in serum albumin induced by SHF heating]. / Strukturnye izmeneniia v syvorotochnom albumine, indutsirovannom SVCh nagrevaniem.

A comparative study of the effects of heating by microwave radiation and water-bath heating up to temperature 35-75 degrees C on the structural state of bovine serum albumin is presented. Microwave radiation perturbs the surface of an albumin molecule. This essentially affects aggregation properties of bovine serum albumin and enhances structural transformations which accompany the process of thermal denaturation.

[Isolation of two fractions of hepatocytes and characterization of their lipid composition]. / Vydelenie dvukh fraktsii gepatotsitov i kharakteristika ikh lipidnogo sostava.

Two fractions of hepatocytes were isolated from the rat liver by nonfermentative method. These fractions were different for mechanical stability to the action of perfusion factors. It has been shown that cells of these fractions were differently separated in the linear density gradient of sucrose. It was connected with structural and functional heterogeneity of hepatocytes in the liver. Results obtained allow us to confirm that hepatocytes in the liver form at least two classes of cells with different lipid content. The plasmatic membranes of hepatocytes with high content of lipids were inclined to damage in the process of liver perfusion as compared to cells with low lipid content.

[Intensity of lipid peroxidation processes and activity of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes during anemia in pregnancy]. / Intensivnost' protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i aktivnost' antioksidantnykh fermentov v éritrotsitakh pri anemiiakh beremennykh.

The given report deals with investigation of the level of spontaneous lipid peroxidation (LPO) (as judged by the accumulation of MDA) and activity of antioxidative enzymes (GSH-peroxidase, GSH-reductase) in red blood cells of pregnant women (24-26 weeks) suffering from minor (blood Hb is 95 g/l) and medium (blood Hb is 85-90 g/l) anemias. We have found that as the anemia becomes deeper, the red blood cells of pregnant women demonstrate a linear increase in the level of spontaneous LPO, which rises by 54% during anemia of moderate severity (p < 0.02) as compared with control. At the same time, simultaneously with LPO, the activity of the above glutathione-containing enzymes increases as the anemia progresses, which, apparently, is of the compensatory nature, aimed at the maintenance of the reduced glutathione pool, the latter being an important component of the cell antioxidative system during LPO activation. The authors think the increased activity of the physiological antioxidative system and intensification of the LPO processes to be a natural adaptive process, since lipid hydroperoxides are the activators of synthesis of prostaglandins, which are required in delivery.

[Structural-functional changes in erythrocyte membranes in bovine lympholeukemia]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nye izmeneniia membran éritrotsitov pri limfoleikoze u korov.

The condition of lipid peroxidation and activity of enzymes of protective glutathione-dependent anti-oxidation system of erythrocytes: glutathione peroxidase (GSH-P) and glutathione reductase (GSH-R) in cows with leukosis has been studied. The decrease of the level of MDA and GSH-R activity was accompanied by GSH-P activation depending on the stage disease. The considerable lowering of Ca2+ transport to erythrocytes was shown on hematological stage of leucosis. The qualitative composition of membrane proteins does not change according to gel electrophoresis data. But the quantity of main cytoskeleton protein, spectrin, increases in the "white shadows" of erythrocytes in the animals with leucosis.

[Changes in the ion-transport processes in the erythrocytes in vibration-induced disease from exposure to local vibration]. / Izmenenie iontransportnykh protsessov v éritrotsitakh pri vibratsionnoi bolezni ot vozdeistviia lokal'noi vibratsii.

An inflow was studied of 45Ca2+ and K+ into erythrocytes in 110 patients with vibration disease (VD) from exposure to local vibration. The results obtained suggest the development of cell molecular and membrane pathology in this condition, which is to be taken into account in treatment of the VD patients.

[Role of albumin in the biotransformation of biphenyl by isolated rat hepatocytes]. / Rol' al'bumina v biotransformatsii bifenila izolirovannymi gepatotsitami krys.

The role of albumin in biotransformation of biphenyl, a lipophilic xenobiotic, by isolated rat hepatocytes has been studied. It is shown that in the absence of albumin biphenyl is quickly and almost completely bound by cells. The rate of formation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl, the reaction product, depends on the substrate concentration (in the range 8.5-70 microM) and conforms with the Mikhaelis-Menten equation. An increase in the biphenyl concentration in the incubating medium to 140 microM induces no changes in the rate of its biotransformation. Serum albumin, while binding biphenyl, also reduces its effective concentration in a cell, which prevents the cytochrome-P-450-dependent monooxygenase system of hepatocytes from the inhibiting effect of high concentrations of the xenobiotic.

Examination by fluorescence and EPR spectroscopy of the state of mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes upon freeze-thawing.

The results of spectroscopic examination of mitochondria and lysosomes indicate that freeze-thawing leads to alterations of different character and extent in membrane structural organization which manifest as changes in the molecular packing of the organelle membrane lipid bilayer, lateral separation of lipids into individual domains, and impairment of membrane permeability. Supercooling of organelle suspensions without crystallization of external water has been found not to affect membrane barrier function markedly; however, such a decrease in the temperature results in a slight loosening of the membrane with an increase in the volume of subcellular structures. The crystallization of external water causes dehydration of organelles, which favors a decrease in their volume, increasing the viscosity of the liquid phase inside subcellular structures and packing the lipid bilayer. Changes in the permeability of mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes manifest during thawing after the formation of an external liquid phase and might be due to the sharp rehydration of these membranes through latent membrane defects formed upon freezing.

[A toxicological hygiene study of a dye made from abattoir blood for sausage products]. / Toksikologo-gigienicheskoe izuchenie krasitelia iz boenskoi krovi dlia kolbasnykh izdelii.

Toxicologic and hygienic study of a pigment from abattoir blood--carboxyn (based on carboxyhemoglobin) was conducted on noninbred white rats in subacute (3 months) and chronic (12 months) experiments. The condition of the animals, their bw growth, blood morphology, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the content of hemoglobin, protein and iron in the blood serum were evaluated. Activity of the following enzymes was studied: catalase and sorbitol dehydrogenase--in the blood serum; glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome P-450 content--in the liver. Internal organs of the rats were subjected to histological investigation. The data obtained have evidenced the absence of some signs of biotransformation of the red complex of carboxyhemoglobin, or its toxic effect on the experimental animals. It has been concluded that carboxyn can be used as a coloring component in the production of sausage (in the amount of up to 2% of the sausage meat mass).

[Structural reorganizations of the lipids and proteins of erythrocyte membranes under the action of low temperatures]. / Strukturnye perestroiki lipidov i belkov membran éritrotsitov pri deistvii nizkikh temperatur.

The reversible structural rearrangement of lipids and protein oligomerization has been shown to occur during cooling in membranes of model systems (liposome, erythrocyte shadows) and native erythrocytes. Analysing the dependence of Azz in membrane probes (5- or 15-doxylstearic acids) in the Arrhenius plots a conclusion on the structural changes at 13-19 degrees C and within the range of interior water freezing from -17 up to -19 degrees C has been drawn, the last transition is smoothed out in the presence of glycerin. Using diamide joining spectrin and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel it has been determined that the low temperatures cause the spatial approach of proteins of spectrin-actinic complex and formation connections between the erythrocyte membrane proteins which aren't destroyed by dodecylsulfate.

[Energy state of hepatocytes of fed rats isolated by the means of EDTA and vibration]. / Energeticheskoe sostoianie gepatotsitov sytykh krys, vydelennykh s pomoshch'iu EDTA i vibratsii.

The energy state of mitochondria in fed rat hepatocytes isolated by the use of non-enzymatic method including liver perfusion with an EDTA-containing solution with a further mild mechanical effect of tissue fragments by vibration has been studied. The isolation procedure used permits to obtain significant amounts of hepatocytes whose viability is not less than 80%. The endogenous respiration rate (10-15 nm O2/min.mln cells) is slightly stimulated by succinate. In the course of incubation in a balanced salt medium, the cells accumulate ATP and the lipophilic cation, tetraphenylphosphonium. Data from the inhibitory analysis testify to the fact that tetraphenylphosphonium accumulation reflects the membrane potential of intact cell mitochondria, which are in a metabolic state similar to state 3.

[The role of lipolysis and lipid peroxidation in the induction of ion transport in mitochondria after freezing and thawing]. / Rol' lipoliza i perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v induktsii ionnogo transporta mitokhondrii posle zamorazhivaniia-ottaivaniia.

The reasons of ion transport induction observed after freezing-thawing of the rat liver mitochondria were investigated. It is found that a fall in the membrane potential value, an increase in the respiration rate and K+ ion release from mitochondria to the incubation medium with phosphate are averted when succinate is replaced by the Kreb's cycle substrates and when ionol (an antioxidant) or nupercain (an inhibitor of mitochondrial phospholipase A2) are incorporated into the incubation medium. The induction of ion transport is caused by the activation of peroxide processes and of lipolysis associated with them. It is supposed that under experimental conditions after freezing-thawing a degree of pyridine nucleotides and glutathione reduction lowers, that in its turn leads to the inhibition of the glutathione-peroxidase activity and development of peroxide processes.

[Ion transport in rat liver mitochondria after freezing and thawing]. / Ionnyi transport v mitokhondriiakh pecheni krys posle zamorazhivaniia-ottaivaniia.

Induction of ion transport in the rat liver mitochondria arising after their deep freezing is inhibited effectively by adenosine diphosphate, Mg ions, Ca2+ complexons (EDTA, EGTA) as well as by inhibitors of ATPase (oligomycin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) and of electrogenic transport of Ca2+ (ruthenium red). The value of ion flows is determined by adenine nucleotide concentration in the matrix. It is supposed that specific inhibitors of ion electrogenic transport promoting an increase in the transmembrane potential prevent from releasing adenine nucleotides from the mitochondrial matrix.

[Ca2+ release from rat liver mitochondria subjected to deep freezing]. / Vysvobozhdenie Ca2+ iz mitokhondrii pecheni krys, podvergnutykh glubokomu zamorazhivaniiu.

Freezing-thawing of rat liver mitochondria evokes a release of Ca2+ into the incubation medium containing oxidation substrates: succinate and phosphate. The release is accompanied by a decrease in the membrane potential value. ATPase and NADH-dehydrogenase inhibitors when introduced into the medium simultaneously with mitochondria prevent the both processes, but only till Ca2+ release. ADP added during Ca2+ release, initiates its uptake. When succinate is replaced by NAD-dependent substrates (malate in combination with glutamate) and in the presence of the antioxidant (ionol) Ca2+ is not released from mitochondria. It is supposed that Ca2+ release from mitochondria due to freezing-thawing is evoked by activation of lipid peroxidation and is controlled by the degree of pyridine nucleotide reduction.

[Effect of cryoprotectors on the structural state of liposomes cooled to minus 25 degrees C]. / Vliianie krioprotektorov na strukturnoe sostoianie liposom pri okhlazhdenii do minus 25 gradusov C.

Cryoprotectors (propylene glycol), ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol-1500 and dimethyl sulphoxide) are studied for their effect on permeability of liposomes for incorporated molecules of 5,5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) under cooling within a temperature range from 0 degree C to -25 degrees C. A similarity is found in the way of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, dimethyl sulphoxide and polyethylene glycol-1500 effect on the liposome permeability way. Cooling in the presence of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol causes changes in liposome permeability with a local maximum at -18 degrees C. In the medium with 2M NaCl and ethylene glycol, liposomes were resistant to cooling. Dimethyl sulphoxide and polyethylene glycol-1500 induced a two-phase kinetics of changes in liposome permeability, the first phase being within the 0 = -9 degrees C and the second--within -9--25 degrees C temperature ranges. The found differences are supposed to be associated with the effect of the cryoprotective compounds on the lipid crystallization in a lower-temperatures range.

[Electron microscopic and polarographic study of rat liver mitochondria during freezing and thawing in sucrose and saline media]. / Elektronnomikroskopicheskoe i poliarograficheskoe issledovanie mitokhondrii pecheni krys pri zamorazhivanii i ottaivanii v sakharoznoi i solevoi sredakh.

Results are presented of studying structural and functional changes in rat liver mitochondria during freezing-thawing in sucrose and saline medium. It is found that maximal disturbances in the structural and functional state of mitochondria are observed in the saline medium.

[Biochemical indices of erythrocytes cryopreserved with protection by 1,2-propanediol and glycerin]. / Biokhimicheskie pokazateli éritrotsitov, kriokonservirovannykh pod zashchitoi 1,2-propandiola i glitserina.

Based on the data concerning the content of ATP, 2,3-DFG, K+, and Na+ in depreserved red cells stored at 4 degrees C in resuspending media TsNIIGPK 8b and 8v it has been established that blood preserved under protection of 1,2-propanediol is comparable with that preserved under glycerin protection as regards its quality and is even better from the standpoint of some other indicators. Medium TsNIIGPK 8v may be used as resuspending medium for blood exposed to low temperature preservation under protection of 1,2-propanediol.

[Effect of rapid freezing on the functional state of rat heart mitochondria]. / Vliianie bystrogo zamorazhivaniia na funktsional'noe sostoianie mitokhondrii serdtsa krysy.

As evidenced by respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, ATPase and NADH-oxidase activities, mitochondria composing heart tissue slices are more damaged by freezing-thawing than isolated mitochondria. A change in the functional activity of mitochondria is manifested in an increased respiratory rate in the second metabolic state and decreased respiratory rate in the third metabolic state upon oxidation of succinate and alpha-ketoglutarate; the ability of mitochondria to synthetize ATP (inhibition of the respiratory control) varied and the ATPase and NADH-oxidase activities increased. These changes in the functional state of mitochondria appeared to be due to a rise of the proton conductivity of the inner mitochondrial membrane by freezing-thawing.