[Some real problems of human opisthorchiasis]. / O nekotorykh aktual'nykh voprosakh problemy opistorkhidozov cheloveka.

Forty six sera from residents of the Novosibirsk Region in whom the diagnosis of chronic opisthorchiasis had been helminthoovoscopically verified were examined. In the thin layer immunoassay, of them 14 (30.4%) sera were responsive to excretory O. felineus antigens, 3 (7.9%) were to M. bilis antigens, and 29 (63.2%) were to the above antigens simultaneously. The results of these studies determine it possible to regard M. bilis methorchiasis as a zooanthroponous disease and a human being as a final host of this helminth.

Dynamic study of HBsAg and HBeAg in saliva samples from patients with hepatitis B infection: diagnostic and epidemiological significance.

Analysis of 505 cases history of patients among men with viral hepatitis demonstrates that HBV infected patients represent 68.9% of the total and that a non-parenteral rate of transmission is the most likely means of hepatitis B infection. Saliva and serum testing for the presence of specific HBV markers (HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA) at different phases of the infection process were carried out to review the diagnostic and epidemiological value of saliva samples from patients with acute viral hepatitis B. The frequency of HBsAg detection by Enzyme Immune Assay (EIA) in saliva of patients in acute period was found to correlate with the frequency of its detection in serum. In early convalescence the frequency of detection of that antigen in serum (59.5% of patients) was significantly higher than in saliva (23.8%) (P < 0.001). The frequencies of HBeAg detection by EIA in saliva samples was significantly higher than that in serum samples in both acute phase (84.3% and 28.1% of patients, respectively) and in early convalescence (56.2% and 3.1% of patients, respectively). The study of frequencies of detection of these antigens in the dynamics of the disease up to the total recovery of patients (observations were carried out for the period of 60 days and longer) showed that in most patients there was a faster disappearance HBsAg from saliva than from serum. By the end of second month this antigen was detected in saliva of only 8.3% of patients whereas in serum in the same period HBsAg was detected in 33.3% of patients. HBeAg became undetectable in blood whereas HBs-antigenemia was still pronounced, and a month after the beginning of the disease it was not found in serum specimens. In saliva, HBeAg was detected in 95.8% of patients observed directly after admission. A month after the beginning of the disease it was detected in saliva of 66.7% of patients and, by the end of observation period, in 12.5% of patients recovered from viral hepatitis. HBV DNA revealed by PCR in saliva and serum of HBV-infected patients was detected in acute period not only in serum (84.6% of cases) but also in saliva (46.2% of cases). The data illustrate the diagnostic value of saliva and point to the possible role of saliva as a source of HBV infection.

Methorchiasis in the residents of Novosibirsk area, Russia.

Infection with Methorchis bilis was recognized for the first time in the residents of Novosibirsk area (Russia). During a serological survey (37 patients in toto), it was possible to demonstrate that 48.5% of the serum samples tested possessed antibodies to Opisthorchis felineus antigens, 37.8% to both Opisthorchis felineus and Methorchis bilis antigens, and 13.5% to Methorchis bilis antigens only.

[The clinico-epidemiological characteristics of Omsk hemorrhagic fever in 1988-1992]. / Kliniko-épidemiologicheskaia kharakteristika Omskoi gemorragicheskoi likhoradki v period 1988--1992 gg.

Materials on morbidity in Omsk hemorrhagic fever at the period of 1988-1992 in the districts of the Novosibirsk region are presented. Cases of the disease were registered mainly in September-October (83.3% of cases). Transmission of the disease by contact played the leading role in the epidemiology of Omsk hemorrhagic fever. The disease took the course of medium severity with faintly pronounced hemorrhagic syndrome.

[Recurrent forms of opisthorchiasis]. / Retsidivnye formy opistorkhoza.

The paper deals with follow-ups of 4 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis, two of whom were treated with chloxylum and two with bilthricide. Eight-thirty six months after discontinuation of anthelmintics, there were recurrent or enhanced complaints, repeated finding of Opisthorchis eggs and antigens in the feces. These changes were accompanied by elevated blood eosinophil counts. It is suggested that Opisthorchis metacercariae can be long preserved in latency in the definitive host and recurrent opisthorchiasis forms may develop.

[The pathomorphosis of opisthorchiasis]. / Patomorfoz opistorkhoza.

Based on the data available in the literature and their own findings, the authors have come to the conclusion that the clinical picture of opisthorchiasis has undergone profound changes in the past decades, which may be regarded as a manifestation of induced and reduced pathomorphism. Uninduced pathomorphism appears as decreased invasion rates and as acute forms. Induced pathomorphism shows up in reduced invasion or by timely liquidation of invasion. The etiological and pathogenetic role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of the gastroduodenal pathology in patients with opisthorchiasis is considered as a manifestation of false pathomorphism.

[The pathogenesis of stomach and duodenal involvement in chronic opisthorchiasis. 1. The urease test]. / Patogenez porazheniia zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki pri khronicheskom opistorkhoze. 1. Ureaznyi test.

The study using the urease test on mucous biopsies from the antral gastric part and from the duodenum of patients with chronic opisthorchiasis with endoscopic evidence of antral gastritis and gastroduodenitis, and from noninvaded patients with gastritis and duodenitis, some of them with the gastric or duodenal ulcers showed that the test was positive. The test was negative in both groups of patients when the mucosa of the gastric body was examined as well as in those without gastroduodenal pathology. It is supposed that in the both groups of patients gastroduodenal pathology was provoked by the colonization of the gastric and duodenal mucosa by gastric campylobacteria.