[Syncytial intramedullary meningioma associated with cervical syringomyelia. Reply]. / Meningioma sincitial intramedular asociado a siringomielia cervical. Réplica.

TITLE: Meningioma sincitial intramedular asociado a siringomielia cervical. Réplica.

Meningioma sincitial intramedular asociado a siringomielia cervical / Syncytial intramedullary meningioma associated with cervical syringomyelia

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[Syncytial intramedullary meningioma associated with cervical syringomyelia]. / Meningioma sincitial intramedular asociado a siringomielia cervical.

TITLE: Meningioma sincitial intramedular asociado a siringomielia cervical.

Percepción del ambiente para caminar según la localidad en Barranquilla, Colombia / Perception of the environment for walking according the locality in Barranquilla, Colombia

El objetivo fue estimar la percepción del ambiente del barrio para caminar según la localidad de la ciudad. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 2103 personas entre 15 y 69 años de edad. Se aplicó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ), y el Módulo Ambiente del International Physical Activity Study. Se estimó la asociación entre la percepción de los atributos del barrio y la localidad donde reside la persona. Los residentes del sur de la ciudad tienen mayor riego de percibir pocos supermercados a poca distancia de sus casas [OR 1,29(IC 95% 1,10-1,65)], aceras en mal estado [OR 1,44(IC 95% 1,10-1,90)], pocas personas físicamente activas [OR 4,13(IC 95% 2,50-6,82)], peligro para pasear durante el día[OR 3,07(IC 95% 1,96-4,80)], y pocas cosas interesantes en el vecindario [OR 3,21(IC 95% 2,05-5,02)] (AU)

The objective was to estimate the perception of the neighborhood environment for walking according to the location of the city. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in 2103 people aged 15 to 69 years of age. We applied the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Environment Module of the International Physical Activity Study. We estimated the association between perceived attributes of the neighborhood and the locality where the person lives. The residents of the South of the city have a higher risk of perceiving a few supermarkets within walking distance of their homes [OR 1,29 (95% CI 1,10-1,65)], presence of sidewalks in bad condition [OR 1,44 (95% CI 1,10-1,90)], few people physically active [OR 4,13 (95% CI 2,50-6,82)], danger to stroll during the day [OR 3,07 (95% CI 1,96-4,80)] and few interesting things in the neighborhood [OR 3,21 (95% CI 2,05-5,02)] (AU)

Haematopoiesis radioprotection in Balb/c mice by an aqueous mycelium extract from the Basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom.

The study examined the radioprotective activity of an aqueous extract from Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium administered to Balb/c mice. Male mice were whole-body irradiated on day 0 ((60)Co, at 0.43 Gy/min) and divided into two groups. The extract was administered intraperitoneally to one group (100 mg/kg) on days - 10 to - 6 and - 2 to +1 with respect to the irradiation. The irradiated-control group was injected with saline solution; non-irradiated mice were used as negative controls. The radioprotective effect was evident by increases in bone marrow cellularity (5.1 × 10(6)/femur vs. 1.1 × 10(6)/femur in saline-control mice, p < 0.05), leucocyte counts (10.5 × 10(9)/L vs. 4.5 × 10(9)/L, p < 0.05), and spleen cellularity (11.2 × 10(7)/spleen vs. 6.2 × 10(7)/spleen, p < 0.05). The extract stimulated macrophage phagocytic activity as judged by a faster rate of carbon clearance in terms of absorbance ratios (1.62 vs. 2.01, p < 0.05). Therefore, this extract may be a candidate therapeutic agent with radioprotective activity for haematopoiesis damage, particularly to cells involved in immune function.

Using litigation to defend women prosecuted for abortion in Mexico: challenging state laws and the implications of recent court judgments.

While women in Mexico City can access free, safe and legal abortion during the first trimester, women in other Mexican states face many barriers. To complicate matters, between 2008 and 2009, 16 state constitutions were amended to protect life from conception. While these reforms do not annul existing legal abortion indications, they have created additional obstacles for women. Health providers increasingly report women who seek life-saving care for complications such as haemorrhage to the police, and some cases eventually end up in court. The Grupo de Información en Reproducción Elegida (GIRE) has successfully litigated such cases in state courts, with positive outcomes. However, state courts have mainly focused on procedural issues. The Mexican Supreme Court ruling supporting Mexico City's law has had a positive effect, but a stronger stance is needed. This paper discusses the constitutional framework and jurisprudence regarding abortion in Mexico, and the recent Costa Rica decision of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. We assert that Mexican states must guarantee women's access to abortion on the legal grounds established in law. We continue to support litigation at the state level to oblige courts to exonerate women prosecuted for illegal abortion. Advocacy should, of course, also address the legislative and executive branches, while working simultaneously to set legal precedents on abortion.

Synanthropy of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in Bogotá, Colombia.

Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae have medical and forensic importance. Species of these families are the first insects colonizing corpses and are, therefore, useful in establishing postmortem interval and as indicators in corpse transfer. The synanthropic index (SI) measures the relation of dipteran species with human settlements. Our main objective was to determine the synanthropic index of these families during the rainy and dry seasons in Bogotá. Captures were carried out using traps with baits (beef liver) in three zones (urban, rural, and forest areas). In the family Calliphoridae, the most abundant species were Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) with a sinanthropy index (SI) of +83.1, followed by Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (SI = +92.2) and Compsomyiops verena (Walker) (SI = +42.0). Calliphora nigribasis (Macquart) was not associated with human settlements, while Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Le Guillou) was present in the three zones and considered hemisynanthropic (SI = +19.0). Roraimomusca roraima (Townsend) was reported for the first time in Bogotá and was a non-synanthropic species (SI = -36.0). On the other hand, in Sarcophagidae, three species were collected: Ravinia rufipes (Twonsend), Ravinia colombiana (Lopes), and Boettcheria sp1, which were abundant in the rural and forest zones, the first having a dual characterization as synanthropic and hemisynanthropic, while the other two were hemisynanthropic. Our data showed differences in the association of Calliphoridae species with the three environments, whereas Sarcophagidae were distributed in locations with a lower human impact.

Estadios de los patrones motores fundamentales en una escuela regular / Stages of the fundamental motor patterns in a regular school

ObjetivoDeterminar el estadio de los patrones motores fundamentales en los estudiantes de los grados de preescolar, primero, tercero y cuarto de una escuela regular adscrita a la Alcaldía Mayor de Cartagena, Colombia.Material y métodoEstudio descriptivo; se realizó observación directa de un total de 310 estudiantes aplicando el «formato de evaluación de los patrones de movimientos fundamentales» de McClenaghan y Gallahue (1985). La evaluación final se obtuvo del análisis de los resultados tanto de las observaciones como de las imágenes fotográficas obtenidas de la observación formal.ResultadosLos resultados mostraron que los niños y niñas entre las edades de 4–6 años presentan retraso en algunos componentes de mano (25,7%), brazo y tronco (69%), piernas (54,9%) y tronco (62%) encontrándose así en el estadio inicial de los patrones de atajar, patear, tirar y saltar respectivamente.ResultadosEn relación con los estudiantes de 7 años en adelante, grupo donde se esperaba que los patrones fundamentales de movimiento estuviesen en el estadio maduro, se encontraron 14 estudiantes (5,8%) en el estadio inicial y 51 estudiantes (21,2%) en el estadio elemental.ConclusionesLos hallazgos sugieren que los estadios inicial y elemental de los patrones motores fundamentales pueden estar presentes en niños mayores de 7 años(AU)

ObjectiveTo determine the status of the basic motor patterns of students in grades kindergarten, first, third and fourth in the city of Tunja School. Such educational institution is part of Cartagena's municipal district.Materials and MethodsA descriptive study, which was carried out from direct observation of a total of 310 students using the “Format for the Evaluation of Fundamental Movement Patterns” by McClenaghan and Gallahue (1985). The final evaluation was developed from the analysis of the results from both: direct visual observations, and from the images obtained.ResultsThe results showed that children ages 4 to 6 years exhibited delays in certain motor components: hand (25.7%), arm and trunk (69%), legs (54.9%) and trunk (62%) and find themselves at an initial stage of addressing the following patterns: grabbing, kicking, throwing and jumping respectively.ResultsAs far as students 7 years and above; a group in which we would expect that basic patterns of movement are in a mature stage, they found 14 students (5.8%) in the initial stage and 51 students (21.2%) in elementary stage in the hand of the grab pattern components.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the initial and elementary stages of the motor movement patterns may be present in children older than seven of ages(AU)