ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The introduction of the nasoseptal flap for the reconstruction of extended endoscopic approaches decreased the incidence of postoperative fistula. In order to preserve the septal vascular pedicles, many have started to prepare the flap systematically, prior to the opening of the sphenoid rostrum. The aim of this study is to obtain an average measure of the location of the posterior septal artery using the upper edge of the choana as a landmark. METHODS: Ten cadaveric heads, fixed with formaldehyde and injected with colored silicone, were studied. The course, branching pattern and dominance of the branches of the posterior septal artery were recognized, as well as the distance in of its superior and lower branches respect to the medial upper edge of the choana. RESULTS: In all cases, the posterior septal artery enters as an only vessel through the sphenopalatine foramen. In its sphenoid segment, over the sphenoid rostrum, the posterior septal artery divides into its upper and lower branches, in most cases, laterally to the sphenoid ostium (70%, N.=14). The lower branch was dominant in 60% of the cases (N.=12). Regarding the mean distance in millimeters from the medial upper edge of the choana to the superior branch, it was 14.45±0.4102 (18-11.5) and, to the lower branch, 10.9±0.4682 (14-7). CONCLUSIONS: A rostrum opening to 15 mm over the upper edge of the choana is safe to avoid vascular complications, and to be able to prepare a viable nasoseptal flap only if it is necessary.
Subject(s)
Nasal Cavity , Skull Base , Arteries , Endoscopy/methods , Humans , Nasal Cavity/blood supply , Nasal Cavity/surgery , Skull Base/surgery , Sphenoid Bone , Surgical Flaps/blood supplyABSTRACT
El meningioma cordoide es un subtipo infrecuente de meningioma. La mayoría es de gran tamaño y de localización supratentorial. Suelen presentarse clínicamente con síntomas inespecíficos. La Resonancia Magnética de Cerebro muestra una lesión extraaxial compatible con meningioma, siendo la histología y las pruebas de inmunohistoquímica necesarias para realizar el diagnóstico definitivo. La anatomía patológica remeda a la del cordoma ya que se encuentran constituidos por células vacuoladas, epiteloides o fusiformes, dispuestas en cordones o islas dentro de una matriz mixoide. La importancia de conocer esta variante de meningioma radica en su alta tasa de recurrencia, principalmente si la exéresis es incompleta, por lo que son considerados como tumores de mayor agresividad y peor pronóstico. Se presentan dos casos de meningioma cordoide operados en nuestro centro.
Chordoid meningiomas are a rare form of meningioma that, as with most meningiomas, typically present as a bulky, supratentorial tumor. Otherwise, their clinical presentation is non-specific. Brain MRI shows an extra-axial lesion compatible with a meningioma; however, the diagnosis must be confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Microscopically, these tumors are composed of spindle or epithelioid, partly-vacuolated cells arranged in nests or cords in a myxoid matrix, resembling a chordoma. Recurrence rates are high following subtotal resection. As such, these tumors are considered a more aggressive variant associated with poorer outcomes. Two patients with a chordoid meningioma treated surgically at our centre, using microsurgical techniques, are presented.
