ABSTRACT
Wilson's principles were formulated after thalidomide tragedy. They become a fundamental for teratological studies with drugs and other factors that may disturb fetal development. It is postulated that susceptibility to teratogen depends on the genotype and developmental stage of the conceptus. Teratogenic agents act in specific manner on developing cells and tissues. The exposition depends on the agent's nature and availability. Manifestations of deviant development depends on the dosage and exposure frequency. In case of abnormal development the final manifestations include death of embryo or fetus, malformation, growth retardation and functional disorder.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Teratogens/toxicity , Teratology/trends , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Fetal Death/chemically induced , Genotype , Humans , Mice , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Rabbits , Rats , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The research was carried on 70 hearts of adult humans. The hearts were subjected to direct analyses on the autopsy material. The presence or absence of the valve of the great cardiac vein was analysed with reference to sex. The terminal valve of the great cardiac vein was found in 92% of the examined hearts. To define the location of the valve of the great cardiac vein the osmium of the left atrium oblique vein was treated as the reference point. In 3% of cases the presence of the valve was observed independently of the opening of the left atrium oblique vein. The valve of the great cardiac vein was placed proximally from the opening of the left atrium oblique vein. The valve of the great cardiac vein placed distally in relation to the beginning of the coronary sinus was never observed. The three types of the great cardiac vein valves were found: 1. single, semilunar cusp; 2. endothelial fold; 3. double pouches.
