[Mechanisms of life span polymorphism maintenance in the house fly laboratory strains].

Assortative mating and hypervariability as the result of genomic stress, caused by selection, appear the main components of the mechanism of intrapopulation polymorphism maintenance. Activation of genome transposable elements has contributed significantly to increasing of variability provoked by inbreeding. Copy number of transposone Hermes DNA evaluation in somatic tissues of Musca domestica individuals from the strains differ by the life span at all developmental stages used as the criterion of genome stability. Investigations funded by RFBR 12-04-01450-a and 11-04-97005-r_povolzhje_a.

[Effect of light regime on biochemical parameters of development of stress-reactions of Musca domestica L. lines with different lifspan].

The paper presents results obtained at recording under conditions of stresses of different character of activities of enzymes (tyrosinase, DOPA-oxidase, acetylcholinesterase) and level of the catecholamine content in tissues of head and fat body of imago and larvae of housefly from lines with different lifespan. A suggestion is put forward about different mechanisms mediating photoperiodic regulation of metabolism in individuals with different intensity of metabolism.

[New sex-linked mutation of wings fragility with age-depended expression (fw) in Musca domestica L].

A mutation of wing fragility that was not yet been revealed in adult housefly is described. Criss-cross inheritance of the character of fragility of the wing blade, which indicates localization of gene (fw) for this character in the X chromosome. Phenotypic expression of the mutant allele depends on sex. In male flies, the mutant allele in hemizygous state is expressed at the age of 2-3 weeks and older with penetrance close to 100%. In females, the mutant allele in homozygous state is lethal and in heterozygous state, totally recessive.

[Possibilities and limitations of life span changes in laboratory experiment].

The article shows the results of set of experiments with laboratory strains of Musca domestica L. demonstrating high level of polymorphism and differentiation in the initial population (strain Cooper) by sign of adults' life span (LS). Possibility of LS indices extension as a consequence of hormesis caused by a short-term contact with the toxic compound (piperonylbutoxide) has been illustrated. Limitations of LS changes defined by species genotype characteristics have been established.

[The genetic base and phenotypic manifestations of Colorado potato beetle resistance to organophosphorus insecticides].

A high level of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides was recorded in a local population of the Colorado potato beetle (Ufa raion, Bashkortostan). Toxicological analysis demonstrated that the fraction of susceptible individuals did not exceed 0.025. DNA analysis of the polymorphism of acetylcholinesterase gene (AChE) according to the presence of mutation 989>AG in the sample of Colorado potato beetle imagoes demonstrated the absence of wild-type (sensitive, SS) homozygotes and prevalence (0.79) of the homozygotes with mutant resistant type (RR). The phenetic analysis of the variation of the integument pattern phenes demonstrated statistically significant differences between the imago phenotypes in the ratio of SS and RR genotypes.

[Intraspecies differences in mechanisms of formation of protective processes in the honeybee Apis mellifera].

Presented in the work are data on interrace differences in mechanisms of formation of antioxidant and phenoloxidase complexes in honeybees of the Middle Russian (Apis mellifera L.) and Caucasian (Apis mellifera caucasica Gorb.) geographic races. Different degree has been revealed of activation of these complexes depending on their localization in the insect organism and providing different strategy of adaptation to temperature stress. A diverse role of ascorbic acid in regulation of the honeybee protective system has been shown.

[Two types of metabolic regulation of phenol oxidase activity in ontogenesis of house fly].

Changes of the tyrosinase activity in ontogenesis of the house fly Musca domestica were shown to be phase-specific and ontogenetic changes of tyrosinase and dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidase activities proved to be coordinated. Ascorbic acid stimulated some ontogenetic stages of the house fly and physiological indices, such as fertility, survival at different stages, and weight of puparia. Also, ascorbic acid modulated the tyrosinase activity.

[Analysis of the primary structure of hantavirus RNA, detected in organs of patients that died from HFKS in the Republic of Bashkortostan]. / analiz pervichnoi struktury RNK khantavirusa, obnaruzhennogo v organakh pogibshikh ot TLPS bol'nykh v respublike Bashkortostan.

Fragments of the minor S and middle M segments of Hantavirus genome RNA were isolated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the organs of patients who died from hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (HFRS) during an epidemic outbreak of this infection in the Bashkortostan Republic in 1997-1998. The sizes of the resultant PCR fragments were 317 p. n. for S segment and 416 p. n. for M segment. Their primary structures (GENBANK registration numbers AJ133581 and AJ133582) were determined and they were compared with the nucleotide sequences of the respective genome sites of Hantavirus strain CG1820/Ufa-83 isolated from Clethrionomys in Bashkortostan in 1983. The homologies of nucleotide sequences of the corresponding sites of S and M segments of RNA isolate of 1997 and CG1820/Ufa-83 were 87.7 and 96.6%, respectively. The authors discuss the probability of circulation of hantaviruses differing by individual features of primary structure of genome RNA in Bashkortostan.

[Use of a PCR method for controlling pure-breeding of honeybees Apis mellifera mellifera L. in the southern Urals]. / Ispol'zovanie metoda PTsR dlia kontrolia chistoporodnosti pchelosemei Apis mellifera mellifera L. v usloviiakh iuzhnogo Urala.

A key problem of honeybee (Apis mellifera mellifera) breeding in the Southern Urals is its cross-breeding with the Caucasian honeybee Apis mellifera caucasica. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in these subspecies differ in the length of a fragment localized between genes CO-I and CO-II, which can be used as a marker. A pair of 20-mer primers for PCR was chosen by means of computer design in order to determine the fragment size in both of the subspecies. The amplified fragment was shown to have a length of 350 bp in A. m. caucasica and 600 bp in A. m. mellifera. The difference in length results from the different ratio between two main elements P and Q, which comprise a major part of this sequence in these subspecies: a copy of P element and two copies of Q element in A. m. mellifera, and a copy of Q element only in A. m. caucasica. This sharply defined distinction allows us to use PCR for differentiating the subspecies, estimating the heterogeneity in the colonies, and rejecting queens in the selection process because of the maternal inheritance of the studied character. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified mtDNA fragment of A. m. mellifera was determined.

[Limits to formation of trace conditioned reflexes to time]. / O predelakh obrazovaniia sledovykh uslovnykh refleksov na vremia.

Conditioned reflexes to different time intervals (from 0.25 to 90 min) were elaborated in Wistar line rats by motor food-procuring method. A conditioned reflex to time is formed easier and attains highest precision to intervals from 1 to 4 min. With shorter (0.5 to 0.75 min) and longer (6 to 10 min) intervals, the reflex to time is unstable and not precise. To intervals beyond the 0.5 to 10 min range the conditioned reflex to time could not be formed by the above method. Experimental data are corroborated by theoretical estimations of the shortest and longest intervals to which it is possible to elaborate a conditioned reflex to time by trace reflex mechanism. The data obtained are considered as a confirmation of Pavlov's hypothesis on the physiological mechanisms of the process of formation of a short-interval conditioned reflex to time.