ABSTRACT
Children with End Stage Lung Disease (ESLD) are part of the growing population of individuals with life-limiting conditions of childhood. These patients present with a diverse set of pulmonary, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and developmental conditions. This paper first examines five cases of children with cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neuromuscular disease, pulmonary hypertension, and lung transplantation from Texas Children's Hospital. We discuss the expected clinical course of each condition, then review the integration of primary and specialized palliative care into the management of each diagnosis. This paper then reviews the management of two children with end staged lung disease at Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, providing an additional perspective for approaching palliative care in low-income countries.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Early neonatal sepsis (EOS) is the second leading cause of death in the first week of life. Epidemiology differs in developed and developing countries. AIM: To describe the epidemiology of EOS among newborn patients in a public hospital in western Mexico. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed in newborns of Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I Menchaca". EOS was diagnosed with blood cultures or cultures of cerebrospinal fluid within the first 72 h of life. We analyzed risk factors (RF) by multivariate analysis with logistic regression. RESULTS: We identified an EOS incidence of 4.7 events per 1,000 live births. Seventy two percent of the isolated bacteria were gram negative bacilli. Factors associated with EOS were maternal age≤15 years (OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.56-7.85), rupture of membranes>18 h (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.18-5.92), maternal fever (OR 6.04; 95% CI 1.54-23.6), birth weight≤2,500 g (OR 4.82; 95% CI 2.38-9.75) and gestational age<37 weeks (OR 3.14; 95% CI 1.58-6.22). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the RF known for EOS an independent association was observed with maternal age≤15 years.
Subject(s)
Sepsis/epidemiology , Birth Weight , Enterobacteriaceae/classification , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Enterococcus/classification , Enterococcus/isolation & purification , Female , Gestational Age , Hospitals, Public , Humans , Incidence , Infant, Newborn , Logistic Models , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Multivariate Analysis , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sepsis/microbiology , Streptococcus/classification , Streptococcus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Background: Early neonatal sepsis (EOS) is the second leading cause of death in the first week of life. Epidemiology differs in developed and developing countries. Aim: To describe the epidemiology of EOS among newborn patients in a public hospital in western Mexico. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in newborns of Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I Menchaca". EOS was diagnosed with blood cultures or cultures of cerebrospinal fluid within the first 72 h of life. We analyzed risk factors (RF) by multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Results: We identified an EOS incidence of 4.7 events per 1,000 live births. Seventy two percent of the isolated bacteria were gram negative bacilli. Factors associated with EOS were maternal age ≤ 15 years (OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.56-7.85), rupture of membranes > 18 h (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.18-5.92), maternal fever (OR 6.04; 95% CI 1.54-23.6), birth weight ≤ 2,500 g (OR 4.82; 95% CI 2.38-9.75) and gestational age < 37 weeks (OR 3.14; 95% CI 1.58-6.22). Conclusions: In addition to the RF known for EOS an independent association was observed with maternal age ≤ 15 years.
Introducción: La sepsis neonatal temprana (SNT) es la segunda causa de muerte en la primer semana de vida; la epidemiología difiere en países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo. Objetivo: Describir la epidemiología de SNT en recién nacidos (RN) de un hospital público del occidente de México. Material y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo en RN del Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I Menchaca". Se diagnosticó SNT con cultivos de sangre o líquido cefalorraquídeo en las primeras 72 h de vida. Se indagaron factores de riesgo (FR) mediante análisis multivariado con regresión logística. Resultados: La incidencia de SNT fue de 4,7 eventos por 1.000 RN vivos. El 72% de las bacterias aisladas correspondió a bacilos gramnegativos. Los factores asociados a SNT fueron la edad materna ≤ 15 años (OR 3,50; IC 95% 1,56-7,85), ruptura de membranas > 18 h (OR 2,65; IC 95% 1,18-5,92), fiebre materna (OR 6,04; IC 95%1,54-23,6), peso al nacimiento ≤ 2.500 g (OR 4,82; IC 95% 2,38-9,75) y edad gestacional < 37 semanas (OR 3,14; IC 95% 1,58-6,22). Conclusiones: Además de los FR ya conocidos para SNT se observó asociación independiente con edad materna ≤ 15 años.
