The flashbulb-like nature of memory for the first COVID-19 case and the impact of the emergency. A cross-national survey.

Flashbulb memories (FBMs) refer to vivid and long-lasting autobiographical memories for the circumstances in which people learned of a shocking and consequential public event. A cross-national study across eleven countries aimed to investigate FBM formation following the first COVID-19 case news in each country and test the effect of pandemic-related variables on FBM. Participants had detailed memories of the date and others present when they heard the news, and had partially detailed memories of the place, activity, and news source. China had the highest FBM specificity. All countries considered the COVID-19 emergency as highly significant at both the individual and global level. The Classification and Regression Tree Analysis revealed that FBM specificity might be influenced by participants' age, subjective severity (assessment of COVID-19 impact in each country and relative to others), residing in an area with stringent COVID-19 protection measures, and expecting the pandemic effects. Hierarchical regression models demonstrated that age and subjective severity negatively predicted FBM specificity, whereas sex, pandemic impact expectedness, and rehearsal showed positive associations in the total sample. Subjective severity negatively affected FBM specificity in Turkey, whereas pandemic impact expectedness positively influenced FBM specificity in China and negatively in Denmark.

Silver-Free Gold-Catalyzed Heterocyclizations through Intermolecular H-Bonding Activation.

Modulable monosulfonyl squaramides have been shown to exert activation of gold(I) chloride complexes through H-bonding in an intermolecular way. Combinations of (PPh3)AuCl or IPrAuCl complexes and an optimal sulfonyl squaramide cocatalyst bearing two 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups efficiently catalyzed diverse heterocyclizations and a cyclopropanation reaction, avoiding in all cases undesired side reactions. Computational studies indicate that the Au-Cl bond breaks by transligation to the triple bond in a ternary complex formed by the actual AuCl···HBD catalyst and the substrate.

Serum s100b protein levels as a neuroinflammatory biomarker of acutely relapsed paranoid schizophrenia patients.

OBJECTIVE: The s100b inflammatory protein is involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. We aim at studying the evolution of the s100b serum levels in acutely relapsed paranoid schizophrenia patients at three different time points (admission, discharge and 3 months after hospital discharge 3MAHD). METHODS: Twenty-three paranoid schizophrenia inpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria participated in the research. Twenty-three healthy subjects matched by age, gender and season acted as the control group. Psychopathology was measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Serum s100b levels were determined at 12:00 and 24:00 h with an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. RESULTS: Patients had significant higher serum s100b levels at admission and discharge (12:00 h) than the group of healthy subjects. At admission and discharge, s100b serum levels at 24 h had decreased compared to the 24:00 h s100b levels of the healthy subjects. At 3MAHD patients and healthy subjects had similar levels of serum s100b protein. Positive and negative PANSS scores decreased significantly between admission and discharge. Positive and negative PANSS scores decreased between discharge and 3MAHD, but these changes had no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that the acute inflammatory response produced in acutely relapsed patients is reversed after 3 month of hospital discharge. The variations of serum s100b concentrations when the patients suffer from an acute relapse may be a useful predictor of disease evolution.

Trauma team conformation in a war-influenced middle-income country in South America: is it possible?

INTRODUCTION: Trauma teams (TTs) improve outcomes in trauma patients. A multidisciplinary TT was conformed in September 2015 in a tertiary level I trauma university hospital in southwestern Colombia, a middle-income war-influenced country. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a TT in admission-tomography and admission-surgery times as well as mortality in a tertiary center university hospital in a middle-income country war-influenced country. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analytical study. Patients older than 17 years admitted to the emergency room 15 months prior and 15 months after the TT implementation were included. Patients prior to the TT implementation were taken as controls. No exclusion criteria. Four hundred sixty-four patients were included, 220 before the TT implementation (BTT) and 244 after (ATT). Demographic data, trauma characteristics, admission-tomography, and admission-surgery time interval as well as mortality were recorded. Requirement of CT scan or surgery was based on physician decision. The analysis was made on Stata 15.1®. Categorical variables were described as quantities and proportions, and continuous variables as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range (IQR). Categorical variables were compared using χ2 or Fisher's test and continuous variables using Student's T test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. A multiple logistic regression model was created to evaluate the impact of being treated in the ATT group on mortality, adjusted by age, trauma severity, and physiological response upon admission. RESULTS: The admission-tomography time interval was 56 min (IQR 39-100) in the BTT group and 40 min (IQR 24-76) in the ATT group, p < 0.001. The admission-surgery time interval was 116 min (IQR 63-214) in the BTT group and 52 min (IQR 24-76) in the ATT group, p < 0.001. Mortality in the BTT group was 18.1% and 13.1% in the ATT group. Adjusted OR was 0.406 (0.215-0.789) p = 0.006 CONCLUSIONS: A trauma team conformation in a war-influenced middle-income country is feasible and reduces mortality as well as admission-surgery and admission-tomography time intervals in trauma patients.

Síndrome de tortuosidad arterial: un diagnóstico tardío e inesperado y la descripción de una nueva mutación probablemente patogénica / Arterial tortuosity syndrome: a late and unexpected diagnosis and description of a novel likely pathogenic mutation

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Descriptive study of diving injuries in the Canary Islands from 2008 to 2017.

INTRODUCTION: This research reports the epidemiology of diving injuries managed in the Hyperbaric Medicine Unit of the Canary Islands University Hospital. METHODS: Data were extracted from the clinical records of all divers injured and admitted to the unit for treatment of dysbaric diving injuries between 2008 and 2017, inclusive. RESULTS: One-hundred and thirty diving injuries were recorded. Most (71%) occurred in men and 43% were foreigners. Eighteen per cent either had no diving certification or that information was not recorded in the clinical chart. Only a third of the 40% of divers who had some form of on-site first aid treatment received oxygen and oral rehydration. Type 1 decompression sickness (DCS) was diagnosed in 56 divers (43%) and Type 2 in 67 (52%), whilst seven were treated for omitted decompression. At discharge, 122 (94%) were asymptomatic, whilst 5% experienced some residual sensory or other changes. One diver who presented late remained quadriparetic and one, admitted in a state of coma, died. Only 76% of the injured divers had specific diving accident insurance and, of those, 58% were foreign divers. CONCLUSIONS: Over half of the injured divers did not receive any on-site first aid. The majority (94%) of treated injured divers were discharged without sequelae. Based on these data, several public health recommendations for the Canary Islands are made.

Day/Night and Summer/Winter Changes in Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity.

BACKGROUND: Seasonal and circadian changes are two factors described to affect blood levels of some biological molecules. The Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) is one global measure of the antioxidant capacity of a system. There is no agreement about the existence of day/night changes in TAC levels as well as there is no information about seasonal changes in TAC levels. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this research are studying if there are summer/winter changes in TAC concentrations or if TAC concentrations have day/night changes. METHOD: Ninety-eight healthy subjects took part in the summer study of whom 64 participated in the winter one. Blood was sampled at 09:00, 12:00 and 00:00 h. TAC was measured by the ABTS radical cation technique. Results are expressed in mmol/L of trolox equivalents. RESULTS: The subjects had significantly higher TAC levels in summer than winter at the three-time point studied. Summer 09:00 TAC concentration was significantly higher than the 12:00 and 00:00 h concentrations (1.34±0.26 vs 0.83±0.19, 0.75±0.18). Summer TAC 12:00 h concentrations were significantly higher than the 00:00 h concentrations (0.83±0.19 vs. 0.75±0.18). Winter 09:00 TAC concentrations were significantly higher than the 12:00 and 00:00 h concentrations (1.24±0.16 vs. 0.73±0.10, 0.67±0.13). There were no significant differences between the 12:00 and 00:00 h TAC concentrations. CONCLUSION: Strong methodological biases may be made if the seasonal and circadian changes in serum TAC concentration are not taken into account when researching in this area.

Hipercapnia permissiva em cirurgia torácica

A hipercapnia permissiva vem sendo utilizada como modalidade de ventilação em diversas doenças pulmonares. A hiperdistensão dos pulmões é causa de diversas lesões pulmonares, e por isso, estratégias de ventilação que diminuam essa relação de causa e efeito são propostas. Pacientes submetidos a procedimentos torácicos demandam cuidados anestésicos que propiciem um manejo clínico que reduza os efeitos da ventilação mecânica sobre o sistema respiratório e ácido-básico, diminuindo o processo inflamatório e a injúria pulmonar aguda. Nesse contexto, a hipercapnia permissiva pode ser um caminho a ser seguido com o objetivo de diminuir lesões pulmonares, contudo, sempre tendo sua boa indicação, observando a evolução do paciente.

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para la formación del talento humano en salud / Information and communication technology in the training of health care human resources

Fundamento: la educación superior de Ecuador debe responder a las políticas educacionales en cuanto a su labor de formar a los futuros profesionales de la salud integralmente, donde las transformaciones de la ciencia y la tecnología juegan un rol fundamental. Métodos: en el estudio se ofrece una caracterización del comportamiento de la aplicación de las tecnologías de la información en la formación de talento humano en salud en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico Bolivariano de Tecnología. Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica del tema, análisis documental y observación de las locaciones empleadas, luego se procedió a una triangulación metodológica de la información resultante. Resultados: los resultados se agrupan según sus características en este centro de altos estudios, posibilidades de empleo, infraestructura existente, y se muestran algunos ejemplos. Conclusiones: a partir de su puesta en marcha se han introducido diferentes proyectos macrocurriculares y desarrollado un proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje orientado y efectivo que propicia la formación de un profesional integral, capaz de desarrollar el pensamiento crítico que aporte al desarrollo sostenible del país.

Background: higher education in Ecuador must meet the educational policies concerning the comprehensive training of future health care professionals, where transformations of science and technology play a key role. Methods: the study provides a characterization of the behavior of the information technology implementation in the training of health care human resources at the Bolivarian Institute of Technology. A literature review of the topic was conducted, as well as a documentary analysis and an observation of the locations used. Then, a methodological triangulation of the resulting information was carried out. Results: the results were grouped according to their characteristics in this center of higher learning, possibilities of use and existing infrastructure. Some examples are shown. Conclusions: since its implementation, several macro-curricular projects have been introduced, and the development of an oriented and effective teaching-learning process that promotes the training of comprehensive professionals, who are able to develop a critical thinking that contributes to a sustainable development of the country.

Chronotype as modulator of morning serum melatonin levels.

BACKGROUND: The search for biological markers of individual characteristics has produced scanty results. Melatonin (MLT), the main hormonal product of the pineal gland, has been used as a biological marker of neuroticism, introversion-extroversion and morningness-eveningness. Morningness-eveningness indicates preferences associated with morning or evening activities. The goal of this research is to study if serum MLT levels are related to morningness-eveningness preference. METHODS: Twenty-three morning type and twenty-one evening type healthy volunteers took part in the study. Morningness-eveningness was evaluated with the Composite Scale of Morningness. Blood was drawn at 09:00, 12:00 and 00:00 h. MLT levels were measured with an ELISA. RESULTS: At 09:00 h evening type subjects had significantly higher serum MLT levels than morning type subjects (8.4±3.6 pg./ml. vs. 4.6±3.2 pg./ml., p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Morning serum MLT may be used as a biological peripheral marker of morningness-eveningness preference. Our results emphasise the convenience of expanding MLT studies until 09:00 h when differences between morning type and evening type subjects may still be found.

El cronotipo como modulador de los niveles séricos diurnos de melatonina / Chronotype as modulator of morning serum melatonin levels

Introducción. La búsqueda de marcadores biológicos que se relacionen con características específicas de las personas no ha producido grandes resultados. Los niveles sanguíneos de la melatonina (MLT), principal producto hormonal de la glándula pineal, han sido utilizados como marcador biológico del neuroticismo, la introversión-extroversión y la matutinidad vespertinidad. El concepto de matutinidad hace referencia a la preferencia de las personas para realizar actividades por las mañanas, mientras que la vespertinidad hace referencia a la preferencia para realizar actividades por la noche. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en estudiar si los niveles séricos de MLT se relacionan con la matutinidad o vespertinidad. Metodología. La muestra está compuesta por 44 voluntarios sanos, de los cuales 23 son del tipo matutino y 21 del tipo vespertino. La matutinidad-vespertinidad fue valorada con la Escala Compuesta de Matutinidad. Se analizaron 3 muestras de sangre, extraídas a las 09:00, 12:00 y 00:00 h. Los niveles de MLT fueron determinados mediante un ELISA. Resultados. A las 09:00 h, los sujetos vespertinos tenían niveles de MLT significativamente más altos que los sujetos matutinos (8,4±3,6 pg/ml vs 4,6±3,2 pg/ml, p<0,02).Conclusiones. Los niveles séricos de MLT a las 09:00 h. pueden ser usados como un marcador biológico periférico de vespertinidad-matutinidad. Nuestros resultados enfatizan la conveniencia de alargar los estudios de MLT al menos hasta las09:00 h, cuando aun se pueden encontrar diferencias en los niveles séricos de MLT entre los tipos matutinos y vespertinos (AU)

Background. The search for biological markers of individual characteristics has produced scanty results. Melatonin (MLT), the main hormonal product of the pinealgl and, has been used as a biological marker of neuroticism, introversion-extroversion and morningness-eveningness. Morningness-eveningness indicates preferences associated with morning or evening activities. The goal of this research is to study if serum MLT levels are related to morningness eveningness preference. Methods. Twenty-three morning type and twenty-one evening type healthy volunteers took part in the study. Morningness-eveningness was evaluated with the Composite Scale of Morningness. Blood was drawn at 09:00, 12:00 and 00:00 h. MLT levels were measured with an ELISA. Results. At 09:00 h evening type subjects had significantly higher serum MLT levels than morning type subjects (8.4±3.6 pg./ml. vs. 4.6±3.2 pg./ml., p<0.02). Conclusions. Morning serum MLT may be used as a biological peripheral marker of morningness-eveningness preference. Our results emphasise the convenience of expanding MLT studies until 09:00 h when differences between morning type and evening type subjects may still be found (AU)

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para la formación del talento humano en salud / Information and communication technology in the training of health care human resources

Fundamento: La educación superior de Ecuador debe responder a las políticas educacionales en cuanto a su labor de formar a los futuros profesionales de la salud integralmente, donde las transformaciones de la ciencia y la tecnología juegan un rol fundamental. Métodos: En el estudio se ofrece una caracterización del comportamiento de la aplicación de las tecnologías de la información en la formación de talento humano en salud en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico Bolivariano de Tecnología. Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica del tema, análisis documental y observación de las locaciones empleadas, luego se procedió a una triangulación metodológica de la información resultante. Resultados: Los resultados se agrupan según sus características en este centro de altos estudios, posibilidades de empleo, infraestructura existente, y se muestran algunos ejemplos. Conclusiones: A partir de su puesta en marcha se han introducido diferentes proyectos macrocurriculares y desarrollado un proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje orientado y efectivo que propicia la formación de un profesional integral, capaz de desarrollar el pensamiento crítico que aporte al desarrollo sostenible del país(AU)

Measurement of HER2 in saliva of women in risk of breast cancer.

HER2 amplification can be present in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The aim of the present study was to test the feasibility of measuring soluble HER2 in the saliva of patients at risk of breast cancer towards early diagnosis and prognosis. Women with lesions classified as 4 according to BIRADS and women with spontaneous nipple discharge (NAF) were recruited for this study. Quantification of soluble HER2 in saliva was performed using the enzyme immunoassay ELISA. Median values of HER2 were quantified in saliva of the control groups and in the patient groups. The statistical test nonparametric Mann-Whitney was applied for the evaluation of median differences. Although the medians increased with the severity of the clinical status, no significant difference was found in all possibilities (p > 0.05) when comparing the medians among the patients groups. Interestingly, inter-individual HER2 quantity variations in the saliva were detected in this study in some subjects from each group. Considering possible inter-individual variations, research on saliva-based circulating HER2 has to be reinforced to ensure its correct application in diagnosis, treatment and in follow-up of breast cancer patients. Older and current issues surrounding the controversy about the appropriate methods for HER2 evaluation are discussed.

Summer/winter changes in serum S100B protein concentration as a source of research variance.

BACKGROUND: S100B is a calcium binding protein that can be measured in cerebral and extra cerebral biological tissues and fluids. Circadian and seasonal variations have been described in several biological molecules such as melatonin, cortisol and testosterone. Healthy subjects do not have a circadian rhythm of S100B. There is no information on seasonal variations of S100B levels. The aim of this research is to study whether healthy subjects present summer/winter changes in serum S100B protein concentrations. METHODS: Ninety-eight subjects were studied in summer, of those, 64 participated in the winter evaluation. Blood was drawn by venipuncture at 09:00 h, 12:00 h and 00:00 h in summer and winter. Serum was separated from blood by centrifugation and stored at -70° until analysis. Serum S100B concentrations were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Serum S100B concentrations were significantly higher in summer than winter (09:00 h: 43.4 ± 24.6 ng/ml vs. 29.3 ± 22.7 ng/ml, p < 0.001; 12:00 h: 42.8 ± 25.0 ng/ml vs. 23.0 ± 22.1 ng/ml, p < 0.001; 00:00 h: 44.5 ± 23.2 ng/ml vs. 28.5 ± 24.6 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Age, gender, body mass index and time points when blood was extracted did not affect serum S100B concentrations neither in summer nor in winter. CONCLUSIONS: Our results point to the fact that there is an important difference in serum S100B concentrations between summer and winter. It is strongly advisable to consider this summer/winter difference in serum S100B concentrations when researching into this area.

Validez del diagnóstico citológico de cáncer de pulmón por punción-aspiración transtorácica con aguja fina guiada por tomografía computarizada en un hospital comarcal. Estudio retrospectivo de 163 casos / The value of cytological diagnosis of lung cancer by computed tomography guided transthoracic fine-needle aspiration in a regional hospital. A retrospective study of 163 cases

Objetivo. El propósito del estudio es demostrar la validez del diagnóstico citológico mediante punción aspiración transtorácica guiada por tomografía computarizada (TC) especialmente en hospitales que no disponen de procedimientos diagnósticos más intervencionistas. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de 163 casos de punciones transtorácicas con aguja fina en pacientes con sospecha de cáncer de pulmón durante 2000-2009. Resultados. Ciento dieciocho punciones positivas para células malignas, 4 sospechosas, 28 negativas y 13 insuficientes. Sensibilidad: 90,76%; valor predictivo positivo: 100%. Diecisiete neumotórax (10,42%), sin necesidad de ingreso hospitalario. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico citológico de la punción transtorácica guiada por TC es un método fiable y rentable para confirmar la malignidad de nódulos pulmonares superiores a 2cm, especialmente hospitales que no disponen de equipos de cirugía torácica(AU)

Aim. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the validity of cytological diagnosis by CT-guided transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA), especially in hospitals that lack more intrusive diagnostic procedures. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 163 cases of TTNA with fine needle in patients with suspected lung cancer during the period 2000-2009. Results. One hundred and eighteen punctures were positive for malignant cells, 4 suspicious, 28 negative and 13 inadequate. Sensitivity: 90.76%; positive predictive value: 100%. Pneumothorax rate:10.42% (n=17), without hospital admission. Conclusions. The cytological diagnosis of CT-guided TTNA is a reliable and cost effective method to confirm malignancy of pulmonary nodules greater than 2cm, especially in hospitals without thoracic surgery teams(AU)

Qué es la hiperactividad y cómo ven el problema los padres? Análisis de los motivos de consulta y las estrategias de afrontamiento del TDAH en una muestra de estratos socioeconómicos altos de Bogotá D. C / What is Hyperactivity and How do Parents View The Problem? Analysis of Chief Complaints and Coping Strategies of Adhd in a Sample of High Socioeconomic Status in Bogotá

Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es el diagnóstico Más frecuente en la consulta Psiquiátrica infantil en distintas sociedades. Clásicamente, la Triada de hiperactividad, déficit de atención e impulsividad es el núcleo y el objetivo de las Diferentes estrategias terapéuticas. Sin embargo, son múltiples los motivos de consulta que Los pacientes y sus familias establecen, debido al impacto de los síntomas en las dinámicas Escolares y de convivencia. Objetivo: Conocer cómo se expresan los motivos de consulta en un medio como el de Bogotá (Colombia). Métodos: Se analizaron 366 encuestas de padres De niños con TDAH, quienes asisten a la reunión mensual de la escuela para padres HIDEA, Especializada en TDAH, en la que relatan sus motivos de consulta y las estrategias con las Cuales tratan de mejorar estas dificultades. Resultados: Las quejas más frecuentes son La rebeldía, el desacato a la autoridad y el bajo rendimiento escolar. Para ayudar al niño, Recurren ante todo a la terapia ocupacional, de acuerdo con la recomendación del colegio. Conclusiones: Para los padres la problemática sentida no se relaciona directamente con Los rasgos clínicos principales del TDAH, sino con sus consecuencias desadaptativas en el medio escolar. Paradójicamente, también se hace evidente una relativa debilidad de las estrategias de afrontamiento que implican cambios profundos en los patrones de crianza y convivencia...

Introduction: The most frequent clinical diagnosis in psychiatric child services in different societies is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Classically, the core symptoms and the main objective of different therapeutic strategies are the triad hyperactivity, attention deficit, and impulsivity. However, the chief complaints those patients and families states are diverse due to the relevant impact of the symptoms on school and social dynamics. Objective: To learn how the chief complaints are expressed in the context of Bogotá (Colombia). Methods: 366 surveys of parents of children with ADHD were analyzed. They participated in the monthly meeting of the “HIDEA Parent´s School”, which specializes in ADHD. Surveys summarized the complaints and confrontation strategies used to improve these inconveniences. Results: The most frequent complaints were disobedience, defying authority, and low school performance. To help the children the parents turned mainly to occupational therapy as suggested by the school. Conclusions: We observed that parents perceived the problem as linked to social annoyance consequences instead of clinical symptoms of ADHD. Paradoxically a relative weakness of confrontation approaches was also evident, involving deep changes in child rearing patterns and social interactions...

Developing lesbian identity: a sociohistorical approach.

The process of construction of lesbian identity in a group of eight Spanish women is analyzed from a historical-cultural perspective. For that purpose, we provide a characterization of discourses about homosexuality in Spain and the way in which these discourses are intertwined with autobiographical narratives of the participants. The participants' life stories were analyzed using a qualitative methodology. We focused on the relationship between self and lesbianism and emphasized the themes related to identity issues (development of lesbian identity and reflections about identity). As a conclusion, we stress the need to deconstruct stigmatizing discourses about homosexuality for the development of a positive personal identity.

An entitlement approach to the challenges of mangrove management in El Salvador.

This paper summarizes those factors that have contributed to the degradation of the mangroves in El Salvador, and examines the implications of proposed changes in property rights to the mangroves for poor coastal communities. Current patterns of extraction and conversion in the mangrove ecosystem in El Salvador can be viewed through an entitlement lens that confers property right upon some actors, for certain uses, and denies them to others. Unfortunately, the present system of laws and regulations that governs resource use in the mangroves is contradictory and confusing. A number of laws currently are active that give entirely different directives about the use and transformation of the ecosystem. The rational and sustainable management of the mangroves cannot be secured without a redefinition of entitlement rights. This redefinition of entitlements, however, should take into account the needs of those whose livelihoods are intimately connected to the health of the ecosystem.