ABSTRACT
The production of lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lipases by Geotrichum candidum were performed in order to control the decolourisation and biodegradation of olive mill wastewater (OMW). Optimisation of different factors showed that dilution, carbon and ammonium concentrations significantly affected decolourisation and activities of ligniolytic peroxidases (LiP and MnP) on OMW. Moreover, addition of olive oil and agitation improved the lipase production. Batch and continuous OMW treatments in settler or bubble column bioreactors showed high COD and colour removal efficiencies of 60% and 50%, respectively. Lipolytic activity was greater in the batch bubble column whereas, LiP and MnP productions were improved in the settler. The performance of the continuous processes decreased with the decrease of hydraulic retention time (HRT). It has been shown that decolourisation and biodegradation decreased with an average of 40% and 45%, respectively, by decreasing the HRT from 4d to 1.7d.
Subject(s)
Geotrichum/cytology , Geotrichum/metabolism , Industrial Waste , Olea/metabolism , Waste Disposal, Fluid , Water Purification , Biodegradation, Environmental , Bioreactors , Extracellular Space/enzymology , Geotrichum/enzymology , Geotrichum/growth & development , Lipase/metabolism , Molecular Weight , Oxygen/isolation & purification , Peroxidases/metabolism , Phenols/metabolismABSTRACT
L'OSM est la cause la plus frequente de surdite acquise de l'enfance. Environ 90des enfants presentent au moins un episode d'OSM avant l'age de 6 ans avec une frequence maximale a l'age de 2 ans. Le developpement de l'OSM peut etre explique par la defaillance d'autres barrieres protectrices (systeme mucociliaire; systeme immunitaire; trompe auditive) qui n'assurent plus de resistance aux bacteries. Le meilleur moyen diagnostic actuel de l'OSM est l'otoscopie pneumatique qui a une sensibilite de 94et une specificite de 80. La tympanometrie sert surtout a documenter l'OSM et a suivre l'evolution. Le traitement de l'OSM ne peut etre envisage que si un benefice persistant et cliniquement significatif est assure par rapport a l'evolution spontanee. Aucun traitement medical n'a fait la preuve de son efficacite. Le traitement deconges- tionnant nasal et les antihistaminiques n'ont montre aucune superiorite par rapport au placebo. Ailleurs; l'indication chirurgicale (ATT) depend de la perte auditive; des symptomes associes; des facteurs de risque au developpement; et de la prevision anticipee du temps de resolution de l'epanchement. Malgre son diagnostic relativement aise; la strategie therapeutique etant controversee. Le traitement n'est justifie que lorsque l'OSM est chronique. L'ATT demeure l'unique traitement efficace. La prevention des causes de l'inflammation est primordiale mais s'avere difficile. Nous nous proposons de resumer les avancees actuelles en epidemiologie; pathogenie; diagnostic et dans la prise en charge de l'OSM
Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Otitis Media with Effusion/epidemiology , Otitis Media with Effusion , Middle Ear VentilationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To report the epidemiological and clinical features of nasal and paranasal sinus cancers collected during a period of 35 years at the Salah Azaiez Institute of Tunis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study concerned patients with histologically confirmed nasal and paranasal sinus cancers treated at our institute from 1969 to 2004. We collected the following data: age, sex, residence (rural or urban), site, occupation and professional exposure, histological type and tumor extension. RESULTS: We identified 265 cases (163 M; 102 F; Sex-ratio=1.65) with a mean age of 60 years (3 months - 91 years). Epidermoid carcinoma (47%) and adenocarcinoma (16%) predominated followed by sarcoma (14%) and melanoma (6%). We observed only 2 cases (0.7%) of ethmoidal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Nasal and paranasal cancers in Tunisia are linked more to chronic rhino-sinusal inflammation than professional exposition (wood).
