ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: the ectopic pregnancy is responsible for 10% of maternal mortality in the first quarter. Progress in transvaginal ultrasound; have revolutionized the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, allowing her diagnosis earlier. AIM: To evaluate the contribution of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective study about 200 patients hospitalized for ectopic pregnancy between July 2009 and July 2011. All patients underwent a transvaginal ultrasound. RESULTS: The average age was 25.4 years. The study of the endometrium showed an endometrial thickness of 10.1mm in 152 cases. An haematosalpinx was observed in 71% of cases. The average size was 30.5mm. Hemoperitoneum was observed in 64.5% of cases. An ectopic gestational sac with embryo was found in 9 cases (4.5%). In 51 cases no pathological sonographic signs were noted. CONCLUSION: The transvaginal ultrasound is the method of choice in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. However the use of BHCG is still necessary.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , UltrasonographySubject(s)
Morning Sickness/complications , Vomiting/complications , Wernicke Encephalopathy/etiology , Adult , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , PregnancyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Swyer's syndrome is a distinct type of pure gonadal dysgenesis characterized by a 46 XY karyotype in female phenotypic patients. It shows an abnormality in testicular differentiation. The disease is a sex-reversal disorder resulting from embryonic testicular regression sequences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present the clinical, sonographic and endocrine findings in five cases of phenotypic young girls with XY karyotype and gonadal dysgenesis. The treatment and the follow-up are discussed. RESULTS: The mean age was of 17.6 years. All patients presented with primary amenorrhea. All patients had female-type external genitalia. Secondary sexual characters were merely developed in all cases. FSH levels were high with a mean of 80.5. The surgical findings were steak fibrous gonads, two cases of gonadoblastoma and one case of dysgerminoma in a 13-year-old teenager. CONCLUSION: The risk of gonadal neoplasia is high, dictating early prophylactic removal of these dysgenesic gonads.
Subject(s)
Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY/diagnosis , Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY/surgery , Adolescent , Amenorrhea/genetics , Dysgerminoma/diagnosis , Dysgerminoma/surgery , Female , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood , Gonadoblastoma/diagnosis , Gonadoblastoma/surgery , Humans , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Ovary/abnormalities , Uterus/abnormalities , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Intrauterine fetal death of one twin in a monochorionic pregnancy may be associated with adverse neurologic sequelae in the surviving co-twin. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this report is to try, through a review of literature, to predict the risk of cerebral impairment in the survivor co-twin and to assess the feasability of neurosonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of brain damage. CASE REPORT: We report a case of monochorionic twins complicated by a fetal death at approximately 23 weeks' gestation with pathologically confirmed leukomalacia in the surviving twin. A detailed sonographic evaluation of the intracranial anatomy of the surviving twin was performed. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging was offered as well. The patient opted for termination. Evacuation was performed at 24 weeks, and pathologic evaluation revealed severe cerebral infarction with haemorrhage. CONCLUSION: However difficult, a multidisciplinary prenatal counselling should be performed in order to study the prognosis and to try to prevent cerebral palsy in the surviving co-twin.
