Multilingual character recognition dataset for Moroccan official documents.

This article focuses on the construction of a dataset for multilingual character recognition in Moroccan official documents. The dataset covers languages such as Arabic, French, and Tamazight and are built programmatically to ensure data diversity. It consists of sub-datasets such as Uppercase alphabet (26 classes), Lowercase alphabet (26 classes), Digits (9 classes), Arabic (28 classes), Tifinagh letters (33 classes), Symbols (14 classes), and French special characters (16 classes). The dataset construction process involves collecting representative fonts and generating multiple character images using a Python script, presenting a comprehensive variety essential for robust recognition models. Moreover, this dataset contributes to the digitization of these diverse official documents and archival papers, essential for preserving cultural heritage and enabling advanced text recognition technologies. The need for this work arises from the advancements in character recognition techniques and the significance of large-scale annotated datasets. The proposed dataset contributes to the development of robust character recognition models for practical applications.

Stress influence on orthodontic system components under simulated treatment loadings.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mini-implants have been developed and effectively used by clinicians as anchorage for orthodontic tooth movement. The objective of this study was to elucidate the stress response of orthodontic forces on the periodontal system, bone tissues, mini-implant and the bracket-enamel interface. METHODS: Computer tomography images of a commercially available mini-implant, an orthodontic bracket bonded to a central incisor, and jawbone section models were used to reconstruct three dimensional computer models. These models were exported and meshed in an ABAQUSⓇ finite-element package. Material properties, multi-segment interactions, boundary and loading conditions were then applied to each component. Finite-element analyses were conducted to elucidate the effect of orthodontic force on the equivalent von Mises stress response within the simulated orthodontic system. RESULTS: The highest stress values in the orthodontic system were predicted at the mini-implant neck, at the interface of the cortical bone, and gradually decreased in the internal apical direction of the miniscrew. On the alveolar bone, the maximum stress values were located in the alveolar cortical bone near the cervical areas of the mini-implant, which is in line with clinical findings of area where bone loss was found post orthodontic tooth treatment. Another peak of von Mises stress response was found in the enamel bracket junction with a maximum up to 186.05 MPa. To ensure good bonding between the enamel and bracket, it is vital to select carefully the type and amount of bonding materials used in the bracket-enamel interface to assure an appropriate load distribution between the teeth and alveolar bone. The results also revealed the significance of the periodontal ligaments, acting as an intermediate cushion element, in the load transfer mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: This study is sought to identify the stress response in a simulated orthodontic system to minimize the failure rate of mini-implants and bracket loss during orthodontic treatment.

Finite-Element analysis of a lateral femoro-tibial impact on the total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a routine surgery performed to treat patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. The success of a TKA depends strongly on the initial stability of the prosthetic components and its long-term osseointegration due to the optimal distribution of mechanical stresses in the surrounding bones under the effect of the different biomechanical loads applied to the Femur-TKA-Tibia system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level and the distribution of the induced stresses in a Femur-TKA-Tibia system subjected to combined triaxial forces, which mimic a femoral mechanical shock. METHODS: In this study, complex TKA system implanted in both femoral and tibial bones has been analyzed numerically with a three-dimensional finite-element method. A virtual model is designed to examine in silico the effect of the combined triaxial forces acting on this prosthesis in femoral region. Anatomical three-dimensional finite-element models of both femoral and tibial bones were constructed to calculate the interfacial stresses around the TKA components. The 3D finite-element processing program ABAQUS was used to perform the analysis. RESULTS: The stresses propagated in the bone regions adjacent to the TKA osseointegrated components, and the decreased in their magnitude to the outer region. These stresses reached the highest level in the cortical bone areas that are right next to the proximal upper attachment portions of the TKA osseointegrated components. The magnitude of the stresses in the tibial component is higher than that in the femoral component. Finally, it is very important to emphasize the role of the polyethylene articulating spacer in the shock absorption of bone support sections. Thus, this component should be preserved mechanically from the impact of high shocks in order to maintain healthy TKA systems. CONCLUSIONS: Optimizing TKA model by controlling the biomechanical stresses distributed within its both components and supporting bones is a valid approach to achieving favorable long-term outcomes. The 3D finite-element analysis provides an effective pre-operative method for planning patient-specific TKA prostheses, and for designing future models that preserves the biomechanical function of the Femur-TKA-Tibia system.

Finite-Element Study of Biomechanical Explanations for Bone Loss around Dental Implants.

Since the advent of osteointegrated implantology and its precepts issued by the Swedish School, assessment of peri-implant bone loss criteria has often been debated by professionals in this field. Long-term success of dental implants is highly reliant on structural and functional osseointegration between implant and surrounding intraoral tissues. In this context, the current study aims to provide biomechanical explanations for causes of bone loss around the dental implant after osseointegration by computational analysis, using a three-dimensional finite-element (FE) method. We design an approximate virtual model that includes the smooth, cylindrical dental implant and alveolar bone. We use SolidWorks software and export to ABAQUS for computational stress analysis at the bone-implant interface. The numerical model is created and loaded with a compressive occlusal force that is applied at the top of the implant platform. We thoroughly investigate the generated FE results and stress responses of the bone-implant system. The developed model is extremely useful for indicating biomechanical phenomena in the bone-implant interface that play a key part in bone loss around the dental implant. In addition, obtained results tend to deliver an improved understanding to designers in the biomedical engineering field and in dentistry.

Stress analysis in single molar tooth.

The human tooth faces different stresses under environments of different loading conditions, these loading produces major factors in weakness of the tooth and bone structure. The need to save natural teeth has prompted the development of novel and complex techniques in endodontology, prosthodontics and periodontology. Despite a poor long-term prognosis and some prejudice to local bone, considerable efforts have been exerted for the realization of these techniques. Nowadays, the 3D finite element analysis (FEA) is one of the more recently used techniques for stress analysis in single human tooth under different loading cases. The von Mises stress distribution indicated that the greatest effort area of tooth lies at the base of crown up to the gingival line with varying intensities in the different loading cases. The highest stress in the cortical bone was predominantly found around the cervical region of the tooth and lowest in the cancellous bone and periodontal ligament (PDL). The PDL is a soft tissue, and it could function as an intermediate cushion element which absorbs the impact force and uniformly transfers the occlusal forces into the surrounding bone.