ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to evaluate diagnostic tests for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT) test, and corneal staining with fluorescein and lissamine green dye) in patients with blepharospasm. This prospective study included 60 female patients older than 40 with blepharospasm, divided into two groups according to clinical symptoms. For fluorescein test, the surface under the ROC curve was 1.0 with standard error (SE) 0 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.940-1.0; for Schirmer test, the surface under the ROC curve was 0.817 with SE 0.0555 and 95% CI 0.696-0.905; for lissamine green test, the surface under the ROC curve was 0.813 with SE 0.056 and 95% CI 0.691-0.902; and for TBUT test, the surface under the ROC curve was 0.772 with SE 0.061 and 95% CI 0.645-0.870. According to the results of ROC curve, which determines the sensitivity and specificity of normal values, comparison of diagnostic tests for keratoconjunctivitis sicca used in this study showed that fluorescein test had the best sensitivity and specificity. Schirmer test should be avoided in patients with blepharospasm because its results are influenced by frequent blinking and are not appropriate for study interpretation. Despite the pathologic values of TBUT test (numerically), this test is still acceptable for patients with blepharospasm because its interval takes more time than the interval between two blinks.
Subject(s)
Blepharospasm , Cornea/diagnostic imaging , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , Fluorescein/pharmacology , Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca/diagnosis , Lissamine Green Dyes/pharmacology , Adult , Aged , Blepharospasm/complications , Blepharospasm/diagnosis , Blepharospasm/epidemiology , Contrast Media/pharmacology , Croatia/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca/epidemiology , Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Over the past decade, intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents have been widely used and intensively developed as a treatment option for many ophthalmological indications. Due to its availability and low cost, the most frequently used anti-VEGF agent is bevacizumab. This type of therapy is often indicated in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). If, in addition to these two conditions, patients have a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), they also present with optic nerve head (ONH) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning. The aim of this prospective study was to establish whether administering bevacizumab to patients with POAG leads to additional reduction of RNFL thickness. The study included 60 patients divided into two groups. First group comprised the eyes of patients with exudative ARMD and POAG, whereas second group comprised the eyes of patients with DME and POAG, all treated with bevacizumab. Control group comprised the fellow eye of each involved patient, which was not treated with bevacizumab. In a period of one year, all patients underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of ONH RNFL thickness. The results of all patients were compared between the two study groups and then with control group results. Study results showed a decrease of RNFL in both groups of patients. Comparison of these two groups of patients after one year revealed a statistically more significant decrease in RNFL thickness in the second group (DME + POAG).
Subject(s)
Bevacizumab/administration & dosage , Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Nerve Fibers , Retinal Ganglion Cells , Aged , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Male , Middle Aged , Nerve Fibers/drug effects , Nerve Fibers/pathology , Prospective Studies , Retinal Ganglion Cells/drug effects , Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
The aim of this prospective study was to analyse the quality of life in patients with blepharospasm grade III and IV and to explore whether Botulinum neurotoxin type A treatment improves their quality of life. We used a WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, based on the existing WHO recommendation and its meaningful metric characteristics. The study included 37 patients with either grade/type III or IV blepharospasm who were treated with Botulinum neurotoxin Type A. Each patient completed the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire by themselves just before the Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A (BT-A) therapy application, when the clinical symptoms of blepharospasm were most manifest and a month and a half after, when the regression of symptoms appeared. Consequently, the application of BT-A resulted in improved changes in terms of quality of life in 3 of the 4 measured fields (psychical and physical health as well as the environmental living conditions).
