ABSTRACT
Introducción: Proponer la construcción de un índice numérico con las medidas preventivas no farmacológicas frente a SARS-CoV-2 a partir de la experiencia de una institución sanita-ria en Barcelona, el Parc de Salut Mar (PSMar).Método: La construcción del índice se ha realizado en tres fases. La identificación y selec-ción de las variables a incluir a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave y la revisión documental. La definición de las dimensiones (constituidas a partir de una o más variables) y, finalmente la operatividad del índice a partir de dichas dimensiones. Se ha estimado el índice en el PSMar, y en sus dos principales centros, el Hospital del Mar y el Hospital de la Esperanza.Resultados: Se identificaron y categorizaron 21 variables, clasificadas en 5 dimensiones: equipos de protección individual, medidas organizativas individuales, medidas organizati-vas colectivas, medidas de vigilancia epidemiológica y actividades formativas. Además, De forma complementaria se añadió si existía un protocolo de actuación. Durante la primera ola, el índice en el Hospital del Mar se mantuvo por encima del valor obtenido en el Hos-pital de la Esperanza, mientras que en la segunda ola ambos índices presentaron valores similares hasta la semana 36, cuando el del hospital del Mar comenzó a presentar valores superiores. Estas oscilaciones se debieron principalmente a las dimensiones equipos de protección individual y actividades formativas.Conclusiones: El índice propuesto pone de manifiesto las dificultades para aplicar las diver-sas medidas preventivas no farmacológicas en las primeras semanas de la pandemia. Esta herramienta puede ser útil para evaluar las actividades desarrolladas frente a la pandemia por parte de los Servicios de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, con las oportunas adapta-ciones a la realidad de cada empresa (AU)
Introduction: We propose the construction of a numerical index of nonpharmacological preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 based on the experience of Parc de Salut Mar (PSMar), a healthcare institution in Barcelona.Method: The construction of the index was carried out in three phases. First, we identified and selected the variables to be included based on semi-structured interviews with key in-formants and a review of relevant documents. Second, we defined the dimensions (consist-ing of one or more variables) and, as a final step, operationalised the index based on these dimensions. The index was then applied to generate estimates for the PSMar, and in its two main centres, the Hospital del Mar and the Hospital de la Esperanza.Results: Twenty-one variables were identified and categorised into five dimensions: person-al protective equipment, individual organisational measures, collective organisational mea-sures, epidemiological surveillance measures, and training activities. We also developed an action protocol. During the first SARS-CoV-2 wave, the index at the Hospital del Mar re-mained above that estimated for the Hospital de la Esperanza, whereas in the second wave both indices showed similar values until week 36, when the Hospital del Mar index began o show higher values. These oscillations were mainly due to the dimensions of personal protective equipment and training activities.Conclusions: The proposed index identified the difficulties in implementing the various non-pharmacological preventive measures during the first weeks of the pandemic. This tool can be useful for evaluating the activities carried out by the occupational risk prevention services during the pandemic, followed by appropriate adaptations to the realities of each individual company (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Disease Prevention , Occupational Health , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Pandemics , Protective Devices/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals , SpainABSTRACT
Objetivo: Establecer las propiedades psicométricas de una medida de Precariedad Laboral (PL) en seis países centroamericanos de habla española (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guate-mala, Honduras, Nicaragua y Panamá) mediante un conjunto de ítems incluidos en la II Encuesta Centroamericana de Condiciones de Trabajo y Salud (II ECCTS) de 2018 que se correspondían con ítems de la Escala de Precariedad Laboral (EPRES).Método: A partir de una muestra de 3.782 personas asalariadas de 18 años o más, forma-les e informales, en la II ECCTS, se construyó una medida de PL de 10 ítems representan-do tres dimensiones (temporalidad, derechos y ejercicio de derechos), además del salario como variable observada.Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta en su mayoría por hombres, con contrato per-manente, con antigüedad laboral de entre 2 a 5 años, un salario entre 301 a 500 dólares, que reportaban tener derechos laborales y ejercerlos. El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio corroboró la estructura de la escala (RMSEA 0,07; SRMR = 0,05; CFI = 0,96 y TLI = 0,94). Se observó una alta aceptabilidad de medida de PL y los coeficientes de Alpha de Cronbach de las dimensiones fueron >0,59 excepto para temporalidad (0,30). La confiabilidad de la esca-la fue de 0,68, demostró ser sensible y los patrones de PL en mujeres, jóvenes, temporales y países con menores ingresos fueron los esperados.Conclusiones: La medida de PL construida a partir de ítems disponibles de la escala EPRES en el cuestionario de la II ECCTS evidencia propiedades psicométricas aceptables para aproximarnos a la cuantificación epidemiológica de la PL en Centroamérica (AU)
Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of a measure of Employment Precari-ousness (EP) in six Spanish-speaking Central American countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama) consisting of items from in the Employ-ment Precariousness Scale (EPRES) included in the 2018 II Central American Survey of Working Conditions and Health (II ECCTS).Methods: The study sample consisted of 3782 salaried persons, age 18 years and older, both formal and informal, who participated in the II ECCTS. We constructed a 10-item EP measure was constructed, grouped into three dimensions (temporality, labor rights, and exercise of these rights), in addition to salary as an observed variable.Results: The sample was composed mostly of men, with a permanent contract, a work-ing age of between 2 to 5 years, a salary between $301 and $500, who have labor rights and who exercise them. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis corroborated the structure of the scale (RMSEA 0.07, SRMR = 0.05, CFI = 0.96 and TLI = 0.94). The EP measure had high ac-ceptability, and the Cronbach alpha coefficients of the dimensions were between 0.59 and 0.72, except for temporality (0.30). The reliability of the full scale was 0.68, was sensitive and the EP profiles in women, youth, temporary workers and lower income countries were as expected. Conclusions: The EP measure constructed from the items available in the EPRES scale used in the II ECCTS questionnaire shows acceptable psychometric properties for epidemi-ological quantification of precarious employment in Central America (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychometrics , 16360 , Occupational Health , Workload , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Central America , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Genetically engineered mice (GEM) are essential tools for understanding gene function and disease modeling. Historically, gene targeting was first done in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the 129 family of inbred strains, leading to a mixed background or congenic mice when crossed with C57BL/6 mice. Depending on the number of backcrosses and breeding strategies, genomic segments from 129-derived ESCs can be introgressed into the C57BL/6 genome, establishing a unique genetic makeup that needs characterization in order to obtain valid conclusions from experiments using GEM lines. Currently, SNP genotyping is used to detect the extent of 129-derived ESC genome introgression into C57BL/6 recipients; however, it fails to detect novel/rare variants. RESULTS: Here, we present a computational pipeline implemented in the Galaxy platform and in BASH/R script to determine genetic introgression of GEM using next generation sequencing data (NGS), such as whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-Seq. The pipeline includes strategies to uncover variants linked to a targeted locus, genome-wide variant visualization, and the identification of potential modifier genes. Although these methods apply to congenic mice, they can also be used to describe variants fixed by genetic drift. As a proof of principle, we analyzed publicly available RNA-Seq data from five congenic knockout (KO) lines and our own RNA-Seq data from the Sall2 KO line. Additionally, we performed target validation using several genetics approaches. CONCLUSIONS: We revealed the impact of the 129-derived ESC genome introgression on gene expression, predicted potential modifier genes, and identified potential phenotypic interference in KO lines. Our results demonstrate that our new approach is an effective method to determine genetic introgression of GEM.
Subject(s)
Animals, Genetically Modified/genetics , Genetic Background , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods , Animals , Computational Biology , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins , Embryonic Stem Cells/physiology , Gene Expression Regulation , Genes, Modifier , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics , Mice , Mice, 129 Strain , Mice, Congenic , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics , Sequence Analysis, RNA , Transcription Factors , Exome SequencingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: As the world's population ages, the prevalence of multiple chronic and non-chronic health-related conditions is increasing. Research on multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of two or more health-related conditions, has mainly involved patient and older populations. Its effect in working populations, presumably younger and healthier, is not well known but could conceivably affect sickness absence (SA) and ability to return to work. AIMS: To examine the effect of multimorbidity on the incidence and duration of SA episodes by frequent diagnostic groups. METHODS: A prospective study (in 2006-2008) of workers in Spain. Information on health-related conditions was gathered with a standardized questionnaire and used to construct a sex-specific multidimensional multimorbidity score (MDMS). In order to estimate the effect of MDMS on incidence and duration of SA episodes due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and mental health disorders (MHD), we fitted Cox models adjusted by age, occupational social class and number of prior SA episodes for both sexes. RESULTS: The study population was 372370. Men with high MDMS showed a trend towards higher incidence risk for SA due to CVD and MSD [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48-2.78 and aHR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.01-1.43, respectively]. Women showed a similar trend for MSD, but MHD had the strongest association (aHR = 4.78; 95% CI 1.97-11.62) for high MDMS. In both sexes, the effect of MDMS was strongest among those without a prior SA. No consistent associations with SA duration were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Multimorbidity increased the risk of incident musculoskeletal, mental and cardiovascular SA episodes but not their duration.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology , Return to Work/statistics & numerical data , Sick Leave/statistics & numerical data , Absenteeism , Adult , Aged , Comorbidity , Female , Headache/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Health , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Reportar los beneficios del diagnóstico genético en una serie de pacientes con retinoblastoma. MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal observacional. Se incluyó a pacientes con retinoblastoma y sus familias. Se registraron datos demográficos y clínicos. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre y del tumor, realizándose análisis mediante next generation sequencing. Con la sospecha de síndrome de deleción 13q, se realizó análisis citogenético con cariotipo molecular (Cytoscan® HD, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, EE. UU.), utilizando un chip de alta densidad con 1,9 millones de sondas únicas no polimórficas y 750.000 sondas de SNP. RESULTADOS: Se analizan 7 casos. Cuatro eran hombres. La mediana de edad del diagnóstico fue de 21 meses (rango 5-36). Tres casos presentaron retinoblastoma bilateral y 4, unilateral. Ninguno tenía antecedentes familiares. En todos se estudió la sangre y en los 2 pacientes unilaterales enucleados se estudió el tejido tumoral. Se encontraron 6 mutaciones, todas fueron de novo.Solo una era nueva (c.164delC; caso 1). Un caso de tumor unilateral reveló un mosaicismo en sangre, por lo que su enfermedad es heredable, tiene riesgo de desarrollar retinoblastoma en el ojo contralateral sano y riesgo de presentar otros tumores primarios. Conclusión El diagnóstico molecular de RB1 en pacientes con retinoblastoma influye sobre la toma de decisiones, los costos, el tratamiento y el pronóstico de los pacientes y sus familias
OBJECTIVES: To report the benefits of genetic diagnosis in patients with retinoblastoma. METHOD: Observational study. Patients with retinoblastoma and their families were included. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Blood and tumour samples were obtained. Next generation sequencing was performed on the samples. When deletion 13 q syndrome was suspected, cytogenetics microarray was performed (Cytoscan® HD, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA), with a high density chip of 1.9 million of non-polymorphic probes and 750 thousand SNP probes. RESULTS: Of the 7 cases were analysed 4 were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 21 months (range 5-36). Three cases had bilateral retinoblastoma, and 4 unilateral. None had family history. In all patients, blood was analysed, and a study was performed on the tissue from 2 unilateral enucleated tumours, in which 6 mutations were identified, all de novo. Just one was novel (c.164delC; case 1). One case of unilateral tumour revealed blood mosaicism, showing that his condition was inheritable, and that there is a high risk of developing retinoblastoma in the unaffected eye. The patient also has an increased risk of presenting with other primary tumours. CONCLUSION: Molecular diagnosis of RB1 in patients with retinoblastoma impacts on the decision process, costs, treatment, and prognosis of patients, as well as their families
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Retinoblastoma/diagnosis , Genes, Retinoblastoma/genetics , Eye Neoplasms/genetics , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Decision Making , Karyotyping/methods , Genetic MarkersABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To report the benefits of genetic diagnosis in patients with retinoblastoma. METHOD: Observational study. Patients with retinoblastoma and their families were included. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Blood and tumour samples were obtained. Next generation sequencing was performed on the samples. When deletion 13 q syndrome was suspected, cytogenetics microarray was performed (Cytoscan® HD, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA), with a high density chip of 1.9 million of non-polymorphic probes and 750 thousand SNP probes. RESULTS: Of the 7 cases were analysed 4 were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 21 months (range 5-36). Three cases had bilateral retinoblastoma, and 4 unilateral. None had family history. In all patients, blood was analysed, and a study was performed on the tissue from 2 unilateral enucleated tumours, in which 6 mutations were identified, all de novo. Just one was novel (c.164delC; case 1). One case of unilateral tumour revealed blood mosaicism, showing that his condition was inheritable, and that there is a high risk of developing retinoblastoma in the unaffected eye. The patient also has an increased risk of presenting with other primary tumours. CONCLUSION: Molecular diagnosis of RB1 in patients with retinoblastoma impacts on the decision process, costs, treatment, and prognosis of patients, as well as their families.
Subject(s)
DNA, Neoplasm/genetics , Eye Neoplasms/genetics , Genes, Retinoblastoma , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Retinoblastoma Binding Proteins/genetics , Retinoblastoma/genetics , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics , Child, Preschool , Chile , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosome Disorders/diagnosis , Chromosome Disorders/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics , DNA Mutational Analysis , DNA, Neoplasm/blood , DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification , Eye Neoplasms/blood , Eye Neoplasms/chemistry , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mosaicism , Mutation , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/blood , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/chemistry , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Retinoblastoma/blood , Retinoblastoma/chemistry , Retinoblastoma/diagnosis , Sequence Analysis, DNA/methodsABSTRACT
La actinomicosis es una patología poco frecuente y su manifestación en la pared abdominal es más infrecuente aún. Está causada por Actinomyces israeli, una bacteria filamentosa, anaerobia estricta, gram positiva, que es comensal en el organismo y que en su forma patógena produce fibrosis, tejido de granulación y abscesos. La forma más frecuente es la cérvico-facial. Presentamos un caso de actinomicosis de pared abdominal diagnosticado postoperatoriamente, con sospecha prequirúrgica de proceso tumoral, por lo que queremos hacer especial mención acerca de la importancia del diagnóstico diferencial de actinomicetoma ante la presencia de una masa abdominal (AU)
Actinomycosis is an uncommon disease, and abdominal wall actinomycosis is rare. It is caused by Actinomyces israeli, a filamentous, gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria that lives in our organism and when the infection progresses, granulomatous tissue, extensive reactive fibrosis and necrosis, abscesses are formed. Infection involving the cervicofacial area is most common. We report a case of abdominal wall actinomycosis diagnosed postoperativerly with preoperative suspected tumor process, so we want to make special mention in the differential diagnosis of actinomycetoma with an abdominal mass (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Actinomycosis/complications , Abdominal Wall/pathology , Skin Diseases, Infectious/surgery , Sarcoma/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Actinomycetales/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Objetivo: Calcular la frecuencia de la enfermedad por reflujo gastro esofágico (ERGE) y las caracteristicas epidemiologicas en una poblacion universitaria. Material y Mètodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo; muestreo aleatorio, probabilistico, estratificado, siendo la poblaccion elegible los estudiantes de la Universidad Catòlica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo de Chiclayo, matriculados en el semestre 2009-II; se usó una encuesta estructurada previamente validada. Resultados: La prevalencia hallada fue de 40%; siendo más preponderante en el sexo femenino (24,6%). El síntoma mas frecuente fue la regurgitaciòn (47,6%), seguido de disfagia (35,4%), disfonía matinal (14,6%) y pirosis (18,4%). Conclusiones: La ERGE tiene elevada prevalencia en los estudiantes de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, sobretodo en estudiantes de sexo femenino; el síntoma más frecuente fue regurgitación. (AU)
Objective: To determine the prevalence of Gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) and the clinical characteristics in students of the Universidad Catòlica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo from Chiclayo during the 2009-II semester. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study; probabilistic, stratified random sampling; the students of the Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo from Chiclayo were the eligible population. We used a validated questionary for the diagnosis of GERD. Results: The prevalence found was 40%; it was more common in females (24,6%). The most frequent symptom was regurgitation (47,6%), followed by dysphagia (35,4%), morning dysphonia (14,6%) and pyrosis (18,4%). Conclusions: GERD is highly prevalent in students from the Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, especially in female students, the most frequent symptom was regurgitation.(AU)
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence of the role of working conditions as prognostic factors for non-work-related sickness absence (i.e. absence due to injuries or diseases of non-occupational origin). AIMS: To analyse the association between working conditions and time to return to work (RTW) in workers with long-term (>15 days) non-work-related sickness absence. METHODS: We followed up a total of 655 workers, who completed a baseline questionnaire including physical and psychosocial work factors, until their non-work-related long-term sickness absence ended. Time to RTW was determined based on the health insurance company register. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate the associations between working conditions and time to RTW. RESULTS: A self-perceived high level of physical activity at work and work with back twisted or bent were related to longer duration of sickness absence. We did not find any strong evidence of associations between psychosocial work factors and time to RTW, although higher job insecurity and low reward showed marginal statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Hazardous physical working conditions are associated with longer duration of non-work-related sickness absence. Workplace ergonomic interventions could conceivably shorten the length of sickness absence that has not originated at work.
Subject(s)
Absenteeism , Sick Leave/statistics & numerical data , Workload/statistics & numerical data , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Self Report , Spain , Work Schedule Tolerance/psychology , Workplace/psychologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Spain has recently become an inward migration country. Little is known about the occupational health of immigrant workers. This study aimed to explore the perceptions that immigrant workers in Spain had of their working conditions. METHODS: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study. Criterion sampling. Data collected between September 2006 and May 2007 through semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews, with a topic guide. One hundred and fifty-eight immigrant workers (90 men/68 women) from Colombia (n = 21), Morocco (n = 39), sub-Saharan Africa (n = 29), Romania (n = 44) and Ecuador (n = 25), who were authorised (documented) or unauthorised (undocumented) residents in five medium to large cities in Spain. RESULTS: Participants described poor working conditions, low pay and health hazards. Perception of hazards appeared to be related to gender and job sector. Informants were highly segregated into jobs by sex, however, so this issue will need further exploration. Undocumented workers described poorer conditions than documented workers, which they attributed to their documentation status. Documented participants also felt vulnerable because of their immigrant status. Informants believed that deficient language skills, non-transferability of their education and training and, most of all, their immigrant status and economic need left them with little choice but to work under poor conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The occupational health needs of immigrant workers must be addressed at the job level, while improving the enforcement of existing health and safety regulations. The roles that documentation status and economic need played in these informants' work experiences should be considered and how these may influence health outcomes.
Subject(s)
Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Employment/standards , Health Status Disparities , Occupational Health/standards , Adolescent , Adult , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Employment/economics , Employment/trends , Female , Focus Groups , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Perception , Qualitative Research , Sampling Studies , Spain , Workload/standards , Workplace/standards , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In Spain, sick pay benefits for work-related sick leave episodes are higher than for non-work-related episodes. Our aim is to assess whether time to return to work is longer for higher paid sick leave episodes than for lower paid episodes. METHODS: We used data from 62,376 work-related and 76,932 non-work-related sick leave episodes occurring among 338,226 workers from 56,099 companies in Spain in 2002. All episodes were followed for up to 18 months. Episodes were classified by a physician as being work- or non-work-related according to medico-legal judgments. The median episode duration and the 25th and 75th percentiles were calculated. The probability of remaining absent from work was estimated by a non-parametric estimator of the marginal survival function. The time ratio between both types of sick leave was estimated by a log-logistic regression model, using non-work-related episodes as the reference. RESULTS: Median episode duration (25th-75th percentiles) was 11 (6-21) days for work-related episodes and 9 (4-29) days for non-work-related episodes. Time to return to work was longer for work-related episodes than for non-work-related episodes of less than 16 days (time ratio: 1.19 in men and 1.08 in women), while the opposite was observed for episodes of more than 15 days (0.58 in men and 0.40 in women). CONCLUSIONS: Sick pay benefits have a limited effect on time to return to work after a sick leave episode.
Subject(s)
Occupational Diseases/rehabilitation , Sick Leave/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Social Security , Spain , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Textile manufacturing is a complex industry that has frequently been associated with bladder cancer. However, results have not been consistent. This study investigated the risk of bladder cancer in Spanish textile workers. METHODS: We analysed data from a multicentre hospital-based case-control study carried out in Spain (1998-2001) including 1219 cases of bladder cancer and 1271 controls. Of those, 126 cases and 122 controls reported a history of employment in the textile industry. Lifetime occupational history was obtained using a computer-assisted personal interview. Occupations, locations and materials used in the textile industry were assessed using a detailed questionnaire and expert assessment. RESULTS: Overall, no increased risk of bladder cancer was found for textile workers, including duration of employment analysis. Increased risks were observed for weavers (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 0.95 to 3.47), for workers in winding/warping/sizing (OR 4.11, 95% CI 1.58 to 10.71) and for those exposed to synthetic materials (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.00 to 3.56). Working for more than 10 years appeared to be associated with an increased risk for weavers (OR 2.27, 95% CI 0.97 to 5.34), for those who had ever worked in winding/warping/sizing (OR 11.03, 95% CI 1.37, 88.89), for workers in the weaving room (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.24 to 7.01) and for those exposed to synthetic (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.14 to 6.01) or cotton (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.87) materials. Statistically significant higher risks were also found for specific combinations of occupations or locations with exposure to synthetics and cotton. CONCLUSIONS: There was no overall increased risk for textile workers, but increased risks were found for specific groups of workers. Our findings indicate that observed risks in previous studies may be better evaluated by analysis of materials used or section worked within the industry and occupation.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Textile Industry , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Textiles/toxicity , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/etiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate mesothelioma death trends in Spain and to predict the number of future cases of mesothelioma. METHODS: After descriptive analysis of mesothelioma mortality data, an age-period-cohort model was applied to estimate future mesothelioma deaths. RESULTS: From 1977 to 2001, 1928 men over 35 years of age died of mesothelioma in Spain. Projections indicate that 1321 men are expected to die from mesothelioma between 2007 and 2016. CONCLUSION: It is expected that mesothelioma deaths will increase at least until 2016. Available data do not allow prediction of the year when mortality will start to decrease.
Subject(s)
Mesothelioma/mortality , Pleural Neoplasms/mortality , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mortality/trends , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objetivo. Los planes de actuación preferente (PAP) son planes de prevención frente a los accidentes de trabajo. En este trabajo se describen los PAP desarrollados por las comunidades autónomas (CCAA) entre 1999 y 2006 y se evalúa la calidad formal de los mismos. Métodos. Mediante contacto postal y telefónico se solicitó a los responsables en cada CCAA (n=17) toda la documentación disponible sobre los PAP. Se buscó también información al respecto en las páginas de Internet de cada gobierno autónomo. Se definieron mediante consenso doce criterios con distinto peso según su relevancia como indicadores de calidad de los planes (1=baja; 2=moderada; 3=alta). Se calcularon puntuaciones totales para cada plan autonómico según el cumplimiento de dichos criterios. Resultados. No se obtuvo ninguna documentación sobre PAP en Madrid y Galicia. La mayoría de los planes revisados desarrollan protocolos de visita (n=14) y de actuación (n=13) en las empresas, además de mecanismos de coordinación con la Inspección de Trabajo (n=13). La definición de objetivos sobre los procesos a desarrollar, la evaluación de estos procesos o la coordinación con las mutuas de accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales son criterios presentes con baja frecuencia en los planes revisados (n<=4). Los planes con mayores puntuaciones y mayor cumplimiento de criterios son los de Comunidad Valenciana, Andalucía y Aragón, mientras que los planes con puntuaciones más bajas son los de Castilla-La Mancha y Extremadura. Conclusiones. La mayoría de CCAA han desarrollado planes de actuación preferente, aunque con diferentes niveles de calidad formal según los criterios aplicados. La evaluación de los resultados de estos planes en términos de incidencia de accidentes de trabajo permitirá valorar en último término la efectividad de este tipo de intervenciones
Objective. Plans of preferential action (PPA) are strategic plans for the prevention of occupational injuries. In this paper, PPAs developed by the autonomous community governments in Spain are described and their formal quality evaluated (1999-2006). Methods. Persons responsible for PPAs were contacted via mail and phone in order to obtain all available documentation about the plans in each autonomous government (n=17). Available online information was also reviewed. For evaluation of the PPA, twelve explicit criteria were agreed on and weighted according to their value as quality indicators (1=low; 2=moderate; 3=high). Global scores were generated for plans in each autonomous government according to the level of fulfilment of these criteria. Results. It was not possible to obtain written information about PPA from the autonomous governments of Madrid and Galicia. Most of the reviewed plans included protocols for site visits (n=14) of companies and protocols for actions (n=13) , as well as mechanisms for coordination with the labour inspectorate (n=13). Defined objectives and evaluation processes, as well as mechanisms for coordination with insurance companies, were rarely described in the plans (n<=4). The PPAs with the highest global scores corresponded to the autonomous communities of Valencia, Andalusia and Aragon, whereas the plans with the lowest accomplishment of criteria were found in Castilla-La Mancha and Extremadura. Conclusions. Most autonomous governments in Spain have strategic plans for the prevention of occupational injuries but the formal quality of these plans varies among them. Assessment of the results of these plans for preventive interventions, in terms of incidence of occupational injuries, will ultimately allow an evaluation of their effectiveness
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Accidents Registry/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Health/statistics & numerical data , Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data , Accident Prevention , National Health Strategies , Evaluation of Results of Preventive Actions , SpainABSTRACT
Se describen las características de una serie de casos de posibles enfermedades laborales atendidos en el sistema público de salud en el sector de Sabadell (Barcelona) y notificados al sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica de la Unidad de Salud Laboral de Sabadell por los médicos de atención primaria de la zona (2001- 2005). La posible relación con las condiciones de trabajo se valoró mediante historia clínico-laboral. Se recibieron y estudiaron 641 notificaciones de enfermedades posiblemente relacionadas con el trabajo. Se descartaron 56 casos (8,7%) como no laborales. De los 585 (91,3%) casos valorados como relacionados con el trabajo, 422 fueron seguidos telefónicamente por un periodo máximo de doce meses; 109 casos pidieron el reconocimiento de la contingencia laboral y 9 casos fueron reconocidos como laborales por el Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social
We describe the features of a series of cases of suspected occupational disease presenting to the the primary health care system in the area of Sabadell (Barcelona, Spain) and reported by general physicians to the Sabadell Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Occupational Health Unit, between 2001 and 2005. The possible work-relatedness was studied by clinical and occupational history. A total of 641 cases of suspected occupational disease were reported. After evaluation, 56 cases (8,7%) were excluded as not being work-related. Of the remaining 585 cases (91,3%), 422 were followed by telephone contact for a maximum period of twelve months; 109 cases applied for official recognition as a work-related disease and 9 cases were officially recognised as such by the National Social Security Institute
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Occupational Accidents Registry/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Risks/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Accidents Registry , Disease Notification/legislation & jurisprudence , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Risks , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , CausalityABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar el programa formativo de enfermería de empresa a través de la opinión de una muestra de enfermeros (n=381), una vez finalizado dicho programa entre 1998 y el 2003. Un total de 153 enfermeros (tasa de respuesta del 40%) respondieron a la encuesta sobre el programa; de éstos sólo 23 (15%) consideraron que el programa de postgrado presentaba limitaciones en los contenidos formativos y 10 (6,5%) que había contenidos prescindibles. De un 13,1% que trabajaban exclusivamente en enfermería de empresa antes de iniciar la formación, se pasó al 54,3% después de finalizada. La utilidad del programa para su desarrollo profesional se valoró con una puntuación media de 7,8 sobre 10. Estos resultados muestran que el programa formativo evaluado puede constituir una experiencia positiva a tener en cuenta al definir el programa de la futura especialidad
A survey on training program content was conducted in a sample of occupational health nurses (n=381) who completed their training between 1998 and 2003. One hundred fifty-three nurses responded (response rate, 40%). Among these, 23 (15%) considered that the programme was lacking some related training content, and 10 (6.5%) thought that some training content could have been missing. The proportion of respondents working only in occupational health nursing was 13.1% prior to starting their training; this increased to 54.3% after program completion. The usefulness of the training programme for their professional development was rated as high, with a mean score of 7.8 on a scale of 10. These results suggest that the training programme had had a positive impact, and that this should be taken into account in future revisions of the specialty training curriculum
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Nursing Care/statistics & numerical data , Specialties, Nursing/trends , Education, Nursing/trends , Health Care Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Education, Nursing, Graduate/trends , CurriculumABSTRACT
La valoración de la aptitud para trabajar es la evaluación de la capacidad psicofísica del individuo para realizar su trabajo sin riesgo para su propia salud o la de otros. A pesar de ser una actividad relevante de la medicina del trabajo, no existen en España criterios claros o recomendaciones para su realización. Se organizó un taller de expertos con el fin de analizar los criterios y métodos utilizados al valorar la aptitud e iniciar una reflexión científico-técnica sobre este tema en nuestro país. Fruto de ello, y sobre la base de las evidencias científicas existentes y las buenas prácticas profesionales en el ámbito internacional, se ha elaborado un decálogo que pretende aportar criterios técnicos para una mejor ordenación de la práctica profesional en este campo. Se trata de diez principios básicos para la realización de la valoración de la aptitud para trabajar en el ámbito de la medicina del trabajo
The assessment of fitness for duty, or work fitness, is the evaluation of a persons psychophysical capacity to perform his/ her job without risk to self or others. Despite being a relevant activity in occupational medicine, there are no clear criteria or recommendations on how to assess fitness for work in Spain. An experts workshop was organised to analyse criteria and methods to assess fitness for work, as well as to initiate a scientific and technical debate on this subject in our country. As a consequence, and based on the available scientific evidence and international standards of good professional practice, ten commandments were developed, centered around technical criteria, to achieve a more systematic approach to professional practice in this field. Ten basic principles are listed for the assessment of fitness for duty in occupational medicine
Subject(s)
Humans , Work Capacity Evaluation , Aptitude Tests/statistics & numerical data , 16360 , Occupational Exposure/prevention & controlABSTRACT
D-type cyclins are components of the cell-cycle engine that link cell signaling pathways and passage throughout G1 phase. We previously described the effects of overexpression cyclin D1, D2 or D3 in mouse epidermis and tumor development. We now asked whether cyclin D2 and/or cyclin D3 play a relevant role in ras-dependent tumorigenesis. Here, we described the effect of cyclin D3 and cyclin D2 overexpression in mouse skin tumor development. Notably, overexpression of cyclin D3 results in reduced tumor development and malignant progression to squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Biochemical analysis of keratinocytes shows that overexpression of cyclin D3 results in strong reduction of cyclin D2 and its associated kinase activity. Furthermore, we found that reinstatement of cyclin D2 level in the cyclin D3/cyclin D2 bigenic mice results in a complete reversion of the inhibitory action of cyclin D3. Supporting these results, ablation of cyclin D2 results in reduced tumorigenesis and malignant progression. On the other hand, overexpression of cyclin D2 results in an increased number of papillomas and malignant progression. We conclude that cyclin D3 and cyclin D2 play opposite roles in mouse skin tumor development and that the suppressive activity of cyclin D3 is associated with cyclin D2 downregulation.
