Parche de sangre cervical para tratamiento de síndrome de hipotensión/ hipovolumen de líquido cefalorraquídeo espontáneo. Reporte de un caso / Cervical blood patch for the treatment of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid hypotension/hypovolume syndrome. A case report

Presentamos el tratamiento eficaz de una filtración espontánea de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) asociada a un síndrome de hipoten-sión/hipovolumen de LCR a nivel cervical alto, caracterizado por delirio y hematomas subdurales secundarios, refractarios al drenaje quirúrgico, que se resolvió con dos parches de sangre epidurales cervicales consecutivos.

We present the case of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypotension/hypovolume syndrome due to a spontaneous CSF fistula at the upper cervical level characterized by loss of consciousness and bilateral subdural hematomas refractory to two drainage surgeries that resolved with two consecutive blood patches on the leak site.

Postoperative morbidity of tubeless versus conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective comparative study.

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PNL) is an established technique for the treatment of renal calculi. Some reports have challenged the need for a nephrostomy tube at the end of the procedure, arguing that it accounts for a longer hospital stay and increased postoperative pain. During the last years, several series have addressed the feasibility and safety of tubeless PNL, where a double-J ureteral stent is left in place after the end of intervention instead of a nephrostomy tube. The aim of our study was to compare conventional versus tubeless PNL in terms of postoperative morbidity. Eighty-five patients who underwent PNL at a single center met the inclusion criteria (complete intraoperative stone clearance, no evidence of active intraoperative bleeding, single percutaneous access, and operative time shorter than 2 h) and were randomized at the end of the procedure to have placed either a nephrostomy tube (group 1) or a double-J ureteral stent (group 2). Outcomes assessed were postoperative pain, bleeding complications, leakage complications, and length of hospital stay. The patients in the tubeless group had a shorter hospital stay (3.7 vs. 5.8 days; P < 0.001), and less postoperative pain at postoperative days 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). No significant difference in bleeding or leakage complications was observed. This study supports the feasibility and safety of tubeless PNL in a selected group of the patients, suggesting some intraoperative criteria to be considered when performing it. However, further controlled studies will have to determine its impact on stone-free rates prior to be considered the standard technique in these selected cases.

[Prospective trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for management of distal ureteral calculi]. / Estudio prospectivo que compara la litotricia extracorpórea y la ureteroscopia en el tratamiento de la litiasis de uréter distal.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in treating distal ureteral calculi and evaluate the best treatment alternative for this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 104 patients with distal ureteral calculi requiring surgical intervention were enrolled and observed in a prospective follow-up. For ESWL, a Modulix SLX Storz lithotriptor was used and for ureteroscopy, a Storz 33 cm semi-rigid ureteroscope with a diameter of 7,5 to 9,5 french and a 6-degree optic. Out of the patient total, 54 patients underwent ESWL and 50 underwent ureteroscopy. 62 patients were men and 42 women; mean age in the ESWL group was 49.72, and in the ureteroscopy group, 52,16. Mean calculus size for ESWL was 8.29 mm and 8,96 mm for ureteroscopy. A P< .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Mean procedure time for ESWL was 55 minutes in men and 45 minutes in women. For ureteroscopy, procedure time was 80 minutes for men and 55 minutes for women. For ESWL, the mean hospital stay was 4.8 hours (same-day discharge for all patients). Mean hospital stay for ureteroscopy patients was 22 hours. 7% of ESWL patients experienced complications compared with 7.9% of those undergoing ureteroscopy. At the 30-day follow up, 74.3% of ESWL patients were stone free, while 92,3% of the ureteroscopy patients were stone free (P< .05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, ureteroscopy is a better method for treating distal ureteral calculi because of its stone free rates and because the difference in complication rates was not significant.

Estudio prospectivo que compara la litotricia extracorpórea y la ureteroscopia en el tratamiento de la litiasis de uréter distal / Prospective trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for management of distal ureteral calculi

Objetivos: Comparar los resultados en el manejo de la litiasis de uréter distal entre la litotricia extracorpórea (LEC) y ureteroscopia (URS) y así evaluar la mejor alternativa de tratamiento en esta afección. Material y métodos: Un total de 104 pacientes con diagnóstico de litiasis de uréter distal, que requerían tratamiento quirúrgico. Se realizó un enrolamiento y seguimiento prospectivo. Se utilizó en LEC un litotriptor Modulix SLX Storz, en la URS se utilizó un ureteroscopio semirrígido Storz 33 cm, diámetro de 7,5 a 9,5 Fr, óptica 6º. Del total de pacientes, 54 fueron a LEC y 50 a URS, y 62 eran varones y 42, mujeres, con una edad promedio de 49,72 años para LEC y de 52,16 años para URS. En la LEC el promedio de tamaño fue 8,29 mm y en la URS, de 8,96 mm. Se estableció una significación estadística p <0,05. Resultados: El tiempo del procedimiento para la LEC, separado por sexo, fue de 55 min en el caso de los varones y de 45 min en las mujeres. Para la URS fue de 80 min para los varones y de 55 min para las mujeres. El tiempo de hospitalización promedio para la LEC fue de 4,8h (todos los procedimientos ambulatorios). En el caso de la URS, fue de 22 h. Las complicaciones en el caso de la LEC fueron del 7% y para la URS, del 7,9%. De los pacientes tratados por LEC, el 74,3% presentó stone free a los 30 días, a diferencia de la URS, que presentó un porcentaje de stone free del 92,3% (p < 0,05).Conclusiones: Basados en los resultados de este estudio, la URS es el método más adecuado para el manejo de la litiasis de uréter distal, tanto en resultados de stone free como en la falta de significación en la comparación de complicaciones (AU)

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in treating distal ureteral calculi and evaluate the best treatment alternative for this disease. Material and methods: A total of 104 patients with distal ureteral calculi requiring surgical intervention were enrolled and observed in a prospective follow-up. For ESWL, a Modulix SLX Storz lithotriptor was used and for ureteroscopy, a Storz 33 cm semi-rigid ureteroscope with a diameter of 7,5 to 9,5 french and a 6-degree optic. Out of the patient total, 54 patients underwent ESWL and 50 underwent ureteroscopy. 62 patients were men and 42 women; mean age in the ESWL group was 49.72, and in the ureteroscopy group,52,16. Mean calculus size for ESWL was 8.29mm and 8,96 mm for ureteroscopy. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean procedure time for ESWL was 55 minutes in men and 45 minutes in women. For ureteroscopy, procedure time was 80 minutes for men and 55 minutes for women. For ESWL, the mean hospital stay was 4.8 hours (same-day discharge for all patients). Mean hospital stay for ureteroscopy patients was 22 hours. 7% of ESWL patients experienced complications compared with 7.9% of those undergoing ureteroscopy. At the 30-day follow up, 74.3% of ESWL patients were stone free, while 92,3% of the ureteroscopy patients were stone free (P<0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, ureteroscopy is a better method for treating distal ureteral calculi because of its stone free rates and because the difference in complication rates was not significant (AU)