Second-dose measles vaccination and associated factors among under-five children in urban areas of North Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2022.

Introduction: Measles remain a leading cause of vaccine-preventable infant mortality. In Africa, about 13 million cases and 6,50,000 deaths occur annually, with Sub-Saharan Africa having the highest morbidity and mortality. Ethiopia launched second-dose measles vaccination into the routine immunization program in the second year of life in 2019. However, little has been known about the coverage of the second-dose measles vaccine. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the level of second-dose measles vaccine uptake and associated factors in North Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia. Objective: To assess second-dose measles vaccination and associated factors among under-five children and to identify reasons for not being vaccinated in urban areas of North Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2022. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 February to 15 March 2022. The sample size was 410, and it was allocated proportionally to each kebelle. The study units were selected consecutively. The data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Four nurses were used as data collectors. Data were coded manually and entered into Epi-data Version 4.4.2.1. Frequency and cross-tabs were used for data cleaning. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21 software. Multicollinearity and model goodness-of-fit tests were checked. A multivariable logistic regression model at 95% CI was used to identify factors associated with the dependent variable. Result: The response rate was 90.7%. The level of second-dose measles vaccination among children in urban areas of North Shoa Zone was 42.5% [95% CI (36.8, 47.3)]. Maternal age of ≤ 25 years [AOR = 9.12: 95% CI (1.97, 42.19)], 26-30 years [AOR = 9.49: 95% CI (2.33, 38.63)], 31-35 years [AOR = 7.87: 95% CI (1.78, 34.79)]; average time mothers had been waiting for vaccination at the health facility [AOR = 3.68: 95% CI (1.33, 10.23)]; awareness about vaccine-preventable diseases [AOR = 4.15: 95% CI (1.53, 11.26)]; and awareness on recommended measles doses [AOR = 17.81: 95% CI (3.91, 81.22)] were identified as factors associated with MCV2 vaccination. The major reason (48.1%) reported by mothers for not vaccinating second-dose measles vaccine was being unaware of the need to return for second-dose measles vaccination. Conclusion and recommendation: The level of second-dose measles vaccination (MCV2) among children in urban areas of the North Shoa Zone was low. Maternal age, average time mothers had been waiting for vaccination at the health facility, awareness about vaccine-preventable diseases, recommended age for the last vaccination, and recommended measles doses were identified as factors associated with MCV2 uptake. The major reason for not vaccinating MCV2 was a lack of information (unaware of the need to return for MCV2, unaware of the need to return for MCV2, and the place and/or time of immunization unknown). Hence, enhancing awareness about vaccine-preventable diseases, shortening the average time for vaccination at the health facility by half an hour, creating an alerting mechanism for MCV2 appointments, and future studies on the effect of healthcare provider-related factors on MCV2 uptake are recommended.

Magnitude and associated factors of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Northern oromia hospitals, Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Globally sepsis is the most cause of neonatal death. Neonatal sepsis is the major newborn killer in Ethiopia, which accounts for more than one-third of neonatal deaths. Therefore, the study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was employed on a total of 378 neonates admitted to the NICU of selected four hospitals. It was conducted from January 2021 to March 2021. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis. Results: Among neonates who enrolled in this study 188(50.1%) of them were females and 283 (75.5%) of them were in the age group of early neonatal period. The overall magnitude of neonatal sepsis in this study was 196(52.27%). From this 159(81.12%) and 37(18.88%) of neonates developed early onset neonatal sepsis and late onset neonatal sepsis, respectively. Factors such as age of neonates[AOR = 2.351, 95% CI (1.131, 4.888)], birth weight of neonate less than 2.5 kg[AOR = 2.546, 95% CI (1.875, 3.643)], multiple per digital vaginal examination[AOR =0.278, 95% CI (0.148,0.522)], history of urinary tract infection[AOR = 3.709, 95% CI (1.828-7.301)], Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF)[AOR = 0.384, 95% CI (0.152, 0.968)] and intrapartum high fever[AOR = 2.203, 95% CI (1.034, 4.692)] were the independent determinants of neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: This study indicated that the magnitude of neonatal sepsis was found to be high. In general, this study has found that both maternal and neonatal factors had contributed to the risk of neonatal sepsis. Based on these results we recommend the healthcare providers to focus on the prevention of risk factors rather than treating the disease after it occurs.

The magnitude of healthcare professionals' turnover intention and associated factors during the period of COVID-19 pandemic in North Shewa Zone government hospitals, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2021.

Background: Healthcare professional turnover and shortages are perceived as a global issue affecting the performance of healthcare organizations. Studies show that the coronavirus disease has physical and psychological effects on healthcare workers. This study assessed the magnitude of turnover intention and related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study of 402 healthcare professionals working in the North Shewa Zone was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic from 1 February to 28 February 2021. The data were collected using a self-managed structure questionnaire, entered into EpiData version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. We performed a logistic regression analysis to identify factors related to healthcare professionals' turnover intention. Finally, the data were displayed in frequency, percentage, and summary statistics. Result: From the total of 402 study participants, 363 of them were involved in the study with a response rate of 90.3%. The magnitude of healthcare professionals' turnover intention was 56.7%. Single marital status (AOR: 3.926; 95% CI: 1.961; 7.861), completion of obligatory service years (AOR: 0.287; 95% CI: 0.152, 0.542), dissatisfaction with the training opportunities (AOR: 2.407) 95% CI: 1.232, 4.701), having no established family (AOR: 2.184; 95% CI: 1.103, 4.326), dissatisfaction with organizational decisions process (AOR: 0.483; 95% CI: 0.250, 0.932), low continuous organizational commitment (AOR: 0.371; 95% CI 0.164; 0.842), dissatisfaction with professional development opportunities (AOR: 2.407; 95% CI: 1.232-4.701), and a non-conducive work environment (AOR: 2.079; 95% CI: 1.199, 3.607) were independent predictors of turnover intention. Conclusions: Our study showed that 56.7% of healthcare professionals have turnover intention. Being unmarried, lack of training opportunities, lack of established family, having completed the obligatory service years, non-conducive work environment, low continuous organizational commitment, dissatisfaction with the decision-making of the organization, and dissatisfaction with professional development opportunities of the organization all contributed to a higher rate of healthcare professionals' turnover intention. Recommendations: Healthcare organizations and other concerned bodies should create strategies that enhance the working environment, foster continuous organizational commitment, improve organizational decision-making, and provide professional development and training opportunities to lower the rate of turnover intention.

Occupational Health Safety of Health Professionals and Associated Factors During COVID-19 Pandemics at North Showa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 19 was observed as a pandemic and caused many community health problems that resulted in Global issues. It causes death for many individuals including health professionals. This study aimed to determine the occupational health safety of health professionals and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic at North Showa. METHODS: Institutions-based Cross-sectional study was conducted using a simple random sampling technique from May 10 to June 15, 2020. Interviewer-administered questioners were used, and data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS 23 for analysis. Bi-variable logistic regression was carried out to select candidate variables with a cutoff point < 0.2. Finally, multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify significant variables. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI at a 5% level of significance was used to measure the strength of association. P-value <0.05 indicated a significant association between variables. RESULTS: A total of 280 health professionals participated with a 92.72% response rate. Of which 57.9% (n=162) were males while 42.1% (n=118) females. Of total 48.9% (n=137) (95% CI: 43.2, 55.0) health professionals had poor occupational health and safety. Availability of soap and bleach (AOR=2.50; 1.439, 4.356), Possibility of isolate COVID-19 suspected clients (AOR=2.525; 1.690, 5.062), Availability of infections prevention and control program standards and policy (AOR=2.329; 1.325, 4.092), Availability of policy and procedure to prevent COVID-19 (AOR= 2.427; 1.389, 4.240) were significantly associated. CONCLUSION: The result suggested that occupational health safety was generally low in the study area. Therefore, a preventive measure such as the use of personal protective equipment and adherence to hand hygiene practice and Infection prevention policy could reduce the spread of COVID-19 and further study should be conducted to generate more evidence on determinants of occupational health safety.